AP Biology: Photosynthesis, Chapter 5 - The Calvin Cycle

Calvin Cycle

3 CO2 + 6 NADPH + 5 H2O + 9 ATP → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi

PGAL

A 3-carbon converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) using the energy in ATP and the reducing power of NADPH as part of the Calvin cycle.

3-PGA

A 3-carbon molecule resulting as the product of the spontaneous split of an unstable 6-carbon intermediate formed by CO2 fixation.

3-PGA

A 3-carbon molecule resulting from the breakdown of RuBP + CO2, and unstable 6-carbon molecule.

3-PGA

A 3-carbon molecule synthesized in pairs in the carbon cycle; one of which continues through the Calvin cycle to be regenerated to RuBP and the other is reduced to form one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).

RuBP

A 5-carbon compound, by carbon dioxide (a total of 6 carbons) which can capture CO2 or O2.

RuBP

A 5-carbon ketose that acts as a receptor of CO2 in the Calvin cycle.

RuPB

A 5-carbon sugar to which CO2 becomes attached to, upon entering the Calving cycle, forming a 6-carbon sugar.

3-PGA

A biochemically significant 3-carbon molecule that is a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle; the product of the spontaneous split of an unstable 6-carbon intermediate formed by CO2 fixation.

Calvin Cycle

A cycle which uses the energy from short-lived electronically excited carriers to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds in a process of carbon fixation.

Calvin Cycle

A cyclic metabolic pathway in light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that fixes or incorporates carbon into carbon dioxide and produces phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL), a three-carbon sugar.

Calvin Cycle

A cyclical reduction process in which carbon enters the stomates of a leaf in the form of CO2, and becomes fixed, or incorporated into PGAL.

Calvin Cycle

A cyclical reduction process which the produces 3-carbon sugar PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde).

Calvin Cycle

A cyclical reduction reaction which does no directly depend on light, but uses the products of light reactions: ATP and NAPH; ONLY OCCURS IN THE LIGHT.

Calvin Cycle

A cylindrical reduction reaction in which a CO2 molecule is incorporated into one of two three-carbon molecules (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or G3P), where it uses up two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADPH, which had been produced in the light-dependent stage.

Calvin Cycle

A cylindrical reduction reaction which produces one molecule of glucose for every six turns of the cycle.

Calvin Cycle

A cylindrical reduction reaction; takes six turns to produce one molecule of glucose, and one turn to produce 3ADP and 2 NADP+.

RuPB

A five-carbon compound that combines with CO2 in the first step of the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis.

Calvin Cycle

A series of biochemical redox reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplast in photosynthetic organisms. It is also known as the light-independent reactions.

Calvin Cycle

A series of chemical reactions that occur as part of photosynthesis, in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that are ultimately converted into sugars.

PGAL

A three-carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds

PGAL

A three-carbon sugar; the first stable carbohydrate to be produced by photosynthesis

RubisCO

Enzyme that converts inorganic carbon dioxide molecules into organic molecules during the final step of the Calvin cycle.

RuBP

Ribulose biphosphate; a five-carbon carbohydrate that combines with CO2 to form two molecules of PGA in the first step of the Calvin Cylce.

PGAL

The 3-carbon produced during the Calvin cycle.

PGAL

The 3-carbon sugar that is the end product of the Calvin cycle; may be further processed by the plant into 6-carbon sugars (such as glucose) or polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose.

RuPB

Combines with CO2 in the Calvin Cycle to make an unstable 6 carbon compound (catalyzed by rubisco).

RuPB

Combines with a CO2 molecule to form an unstable six carbon molecules; immediately split into two three-carbon molecules.

Carbon Fixation

The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism.

Carbon Fixation

The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compounds by autotrophic organisms such as photosynthetic plants, algae, or bacteria.

Carbon Fixation

The process by which carbon from the atmosphere is converted into carbon compounds, such as carbohydrates, in plants and algae, usually by photosynthesis.

Carbon Fixation

The process by which plants assimilate carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form metabolically active compounds.

Calvin Cycle

The second of two major stages in photosynthesis (following the light reactions), involving fixation of atmospheric CO2 and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate.

RubisCO

An enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants and other photosynthetic organisms to energy-rich molecules such as glucose.

RubisCO

An enzyme present in plant chloroplasts, involved in fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and in oxygenation of the resulting compound during photorespiration.

RubisCO

An enzyme which fixes CO2 into 3-phosphoglycerate; binds with O2 as well as CO2.

RuPB

An organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis; a highly unstable 6-carbon intermediate which decays virtually instantaneously into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA).

RuPB

An organic substance which may be catalyzed by RubisCO to react with carbon dioxide, or oxygen.

PGAL

In the breakdown of glucose, the compound formed after two phosphorylation reactions is split into two three-carbon compounds.

PGAL

Produced by the first step of the light-independent reactions when ribulose RuBP and carbon dioxide are catalysed by the rubisCO enzyme.

Carbon Fixation

The conversion of inorganic carbon (for example, CO2) into organic forms (for example, sugars).

RubisCO

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP).

RubisCO

The enzyme which catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle.

Carbon Fixation

The incorporation of carbon from atmospheric CO2 into the carbon in organic compounds; during photosynthesis in a C3 plant, carbon is fixed into a three-carbon sugar as it enters the Calvin cycle.

Carbon Fixation

The incorporation of carbon from atmospheric CO2 into the carbon in organic compounds; in C4and CAM plants, carbon is fixed into a four-carbon sugar.