AP Chapter 15 RQ "Absolutism and Exceptions"

In which of the following ways did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century?

Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests.

The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found their best defense in the Second Treatise of Civil Government by

John Locke.

The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia; they were reluctant allies of Frederick William in his consolidation of the Prussian state.

Junkers

Based on this passage, with which of the following statements would Bossuet most likely agree?

Kings are God's representatives on earth.

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.

One of the largest rebellions in seventeenth-century Russia was that led by

Stenka Razin.

Based on this passage, what did Louis XIV see as the ultimate goal of the absolute monarch?

To bring peace and happiness to his nation

The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution (the invitation of William and Mary to rule) was

a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II.

The ruler of the Ottoman Empire; he owned all the agricultural land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves.

sultan

In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican Estates and supporters of

the House of Orange.

The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of

the Pyrenees.

Louis XIV selected councilors from

the newly ennobled or upper middle class.

In "The Leviathan" the English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that

the ruler's power was absolute and necesary to prevent civil war.

On Map 15.3: The Growth of Austria and Brandenburg-Prussia to 1748, what territories did Austria acquire after the decisive victory over the Ottoman Empire (1718)?

Banat, Serbia, and Wallachia

The Baroque style flourished in the context of the

Catholic Reformation.

Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640?

Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country.

Free groups and outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory from the fourteenth century onward. By the end of the sixteenth century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state.

Cossacks

A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation.

Fronde

Cardinal Jules Mazarin's struggle to increase royal revenues to meet the cost of war led to the uprisings of 1648-1653, known as the

Fronde.

What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?

Growth in armed forces

How did Frederick William of Prussia, the Great Elector, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?

He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs.

Which was one way Cardinal Richelieu increased the power of the centralized French state?

He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts.

How did William Laud, the archbishop of Canterbury, create conflict in Britain in the 1630s?

He sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland.

What was the consequence of Prince Francis Rákóczy's rebellion for Habsburg rule?

Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute Habsburg state.

France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of

Jean-Baptiste Colbert.

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.

How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?

Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly.

A series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire.

Peace of Westphalia

What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?

People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions.

After a defeat at Narva, Peter the Great constructed a new army and eventually beat the Swedish in 1709 at

Poltava.

The English military dictatorship (1653-58) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I.

Protectorate

Members of a sixteenth- and seventeenth-century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate ceremonials, and wedding rings.

Puritans

Which lands shown on Map 15.1: Europe After the Thirty Years' War belonged to the Spanish Habsburgs?

Spain, Portugal, the Spanish Netherlands, Franche-Comté, Milan, and Naples

Based on this passage, which of the following did Locke see as legitimate?

Taxes consented to by the majority of the people

Legislation, passed by the English Parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and teach at or attend universities.

Test Act

Which of the following characterizes the English Revolution of 1688?

The revolution restored the monarchy after the disastrous era of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate.

Within the Ottoman government, who staffed the top levels of the bureaucracy?

The sultan's slave corps

A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives.

constitutionalism

Political power in the 17th Century Dutch Republic was

controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen.

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

The core of the sultan's army, composed of slave conscripts from non-Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force.

janissary corps

A system used by the Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities with each nation enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.

mercantilism

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately a

military dictatorship.

The Ottomans divided their subjects into religious communities or

millets.

Typically, French classicism

presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity