ap classroom questions pt.1

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.

Amygdala

Which of the following examples best represents a behavioral approach to treatment?

Annaleise's psychologist has her identify a fear hierarchy of spider-related experiences to work through systematically as she practices relaxation techniques.

Dr. Xi conducted an experiment on the effectiveness of an antidepressant medication. Given her research design, if she finds that the drug is effective, which of the following will she be able to conclude?

Antidepressants decrease the severity of depression, and the experiment demonstrates cause-and-effect because she used random assignment.

A psychotherapist who believes that deviant behavior can be traced either to genetic anomalies or to problems in the physical structure of the brain most likely subscribes to which of the following views of abnormality?

Biomedical

A clinical psychologist believes that Caroline's problems stem from the lack of consistency between her self-concept and reality. According to the psychologist, this discrepancy makes Caroline feel anxious and threatened. Caroline's psychologist most likely adheres to which of the following orientations?

Client-centered

How would a clinical psychology researcher know whether client-centered therapy is effective in treating anxiety?

Clients randomly assigned to be spoken to with unconditional positive regard have lower cortisol levels than those in a control group.

Dr. Ofori is helping a client who reports feeling overly stressed due to a heavy workload. Dr. Ofori believes an important first step is to help reframe the situation so that the client will see the workload as a challenge to be overcome rather than as an obstacle. This is most consistent with which treatment orientation?

Cognitive

In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using?

Cognitive

Client-centered therapists try to appreciate how the world appears from the client's point of view. This is an example of which of the following concepts?

Empathy

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a behavioral approach to therapy?

Finn has been acting out at school, so his therapist employs a token economy to reward Finn when he behaves well.

When community psychologists refer to primary prevention, they are describing which of the following goals?

Keeping disorders from developing

Linda is experiencing alternating periods of intense mania and severe depression. A psychiatrist would most likely prescribe which of the following for Linda?

Lithium

Carmen's psychiatrist has prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to help Carmen feel better. Carmen has most likely been diagnosed with what disorder?

Major depressive

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

If a patient is diagnosed with depression, a cognitive psychologist would likely emphasize which of the following in the patient's course of treatment?

Restructuring the patient's maladaptive and self-defeating thought processes

Training in the construction of an anxiety hierarchy and in relaxation techniques is likely to be part of the treatment for which of the following?

Specific phobia

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?

Systematic desensitization

Leonard's therapist suggests that Leonard's anxiety may be the result of an unconscious fear of his father's disapproval. What might a critic say about the therapist's suggestion in terms of treating Leonard's anxiety?

The psychodynamic approach is difficult to support because unconscious drives are untestable.

Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following?

Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions

Which of the following illustrates an application of behavioral principles in the treatment of an anxiety disorder?

Using systematic desensitization to treat a specific phobia

A client whose improvement during therapy is the result of his or her expectation of improvement rather than the result of the therapy itself is showing

a placebo effect

Albert Ellis' view of psychological problems was that they

are due to irrational thinking

Behaviorally oriented therapists seek to modify a client's behavior by

changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client

Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of

clinical depression

Community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they

design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur

Aaron T. Beck would most likely

focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and

lithium carbonate

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him.

start trembling and then feel fear without explicitly processing the snake

During a therapy session, a client acts very angry toward the therapist, just as she acts toward her mother. A psychoanalytically oriented therapist would say the client's behavior is an example of

transference