AP Classroom Unit 1 and 2 test

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. This research method is best characterized as ... a. experimental b. correlational c. longitudinal d. naturalistic observation e. case study

a.

According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behaviors have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models? a. behavioral b. biological c. cognitive d. psychodynamic e. sociocultural

a.

All of the following are APA ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT: a. Research may not involve deception b. Participation must be voluntary c. Participants must be informed of potential risks d. Participants must be offered alternative activities if research participation is a course requirement e. participants' right to privacy must be protected

a.

Dr. Grayson is interested in studying the relationship between weight loss and mood. To conduct the study, Dr. Grayson analyzes the results of several previous studies on weight loss and emotional state. Which research strategy is Dr. Grayson using? a. meta-analysis b. naturalistic observation c. an experiment d. a survey e. a case study

a.

If studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in children's ... a. problem-solving strategies b. toy preferences c. degree of cooperative behavior d. prosocial play activities e. choice of playmates

a.

In experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a ... a. difference not likely due to chance b. difference not likely due to faulty design c. result that indicates a correlation equal to 1.0 d. result that departs from previous findings e. results that proves a new theory

a.

The most important reason to use operational definitions in psychological research is it ... a. helps everyone involved with the research understand and collect data in the same manner b. assures that the data will be approved by the Institutional Review Board c. allows the researchers to turn a single-blind study into a double-blind study. d. makes sure that the data is collected in an ethical manner e. allows the researchers to infer causation

a.

Which of the following best describes the placebo effect? a. It can be brought about by the individual's expectations b. It can be induced by antipsychotic drugs c. It is found only among individuals in psychoanalysis d. It is considered an invalid concept in research on client-centered therapy e. It is typically experienced by individuals in long-term therapy

a.

Which of the following is the strongest correlation? a. -.90 b. -.23 c. .40 d. .67 e. .72

a.

Which procedure can reduce problems associated with the use of deception by a researcher? a. debriefing b. random sampling c. random assignment d. using only single-blind studies e. using only double-blind studies

a.

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean? a. 75 b. 77 c. 86 d. 90 e. 99

b.

Dr. Patel is conducting a study to test a hair-growth shampoo she is developing. She instructs fifty participants to use the hair-growth shampoo once daily for a month and another fifty to use a regular shampoo once a day for a month. Dr. Patel measures the participants' hair length at the beginning and the end of the thirty days. Which of the following is the dependent variable? a. the type of shampoo b. change in hair length c. participants d. the placebo e. the thirty days

b.

Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research ... a. allows for prediction b. may reveal a causal relation c. established a mathematical relation d. defines the strength of the relation e. uses a dependent variable

b.

12, 3, 3, 4, 8. What is the mean of the numbers? a. 3 b. 8 c. 6 d. 12 e. 4

c.

According to the ethical guidelines set by the APA, which of the following is true of psychological research in which animals are used as subjects? a. It must not involve the use of surgical procedures b. It is no longer permitted by the APA without special authorization c. It should conform to all APA ethical guidelines for animal research d. It must be limited to investigations that use correlational procedures e. It may not be conducted by psychologists who do not have a license

c.

What field of psychology is most appropriate to analyze the efficiency of businesses in their hiring, basic training, and management leadership skills training? a. Clinical b. Quantitative c. Industrial/organizational d. Educational e. Comparative

c.

A double blind control is essential for which of the following? a. A study comparing IQ test scores of children from different educational systems. b. A study of relationships among family members c. An experiment to determine the effect of a food reward on the bar-pressing rate of a rat d. Assessment for a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms e. A survey of drug use among teenagers

d.

A psychologist gives the same test to a class of students at the beginning of the day and again at the end of the school day. The extent to which test scores are similar across the two administrations demonstrates which of the following test properties? a. validity b. reliability c. standardization d. statistical significance e. utility

d.

In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean? a. it contains the bottom 50% of the distribution b. it contains the middle 50% of the distribution c. it contains the bottom 68% of the distribution d. it contains the middle 68% of the distribution e. it is the same as the square of the average deviation

d.

Professor Ahad has forty-three students in section one of the psychology classes she teaches and fifty-two students in section two. Section one meets at eight a.m. and, section two meets at one p.m. Professor Ahad gives all of her students the same final exam, and those in section two score significantly higher than those in section one. Professor Ahad concludes that her section one students are academically inferior to students in section two. The biggest problem with Professor Ahad's conclusion is that ... a. she did not randomly assign the students to her classroom b. she needs an equal number of students in each class in order to draw comparisons c. there is no dependent variable in this scenario d. time of day is a confounding variable in this scenario e. she should have used the single-blind method

d.

Research finds that, in general, the higher an incoming college student scores on a given test, the higher the student's college GPA. Which of the following best describes this relationship? a. a bimodal distribution b. a normal distribution c. a skewed distribution d. a postive correlation e. a negative correlation

d.

Standard deviation is a measure of how much a. a normal person's behavior changes in a given time b. two sets of scores vary together c. difference there is between the highest and the lowest score in a sample d. scores in a group differ from the mean of the group e. scores from a sample differ from that of the population

d.

The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a a. bar graph b. normal distribution c. histogram d. scatterplot e. frequency polygon

d.

Which of the following is required for a psychological experiment? a. More than one independent variable b. Sophisticated equipment c. Highly generalizable results d. Precise operational definitions e. A longitudinal design

d.

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study? a. Sex of the children b. Duration of free play c. Type of television program viewed d. level of televised violence e. Incidence of aggressive behavior

e.

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly ... a. failed to allow for experimenter bias b. identified the independent variable c. identified the dependent variable d. inferred correlation for causation e. inferred causation from correlation

e.

An instructor conducted an experiment to determine the effects of two different methods of study on the amount students learned in introductory physics. The results showed that the average amount learned by the group using one method was greater than the average amount learned by the group using the other. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion to be drawn? a. The group of students attaining the higher mean score had studied more than the other group b. The better study method will have different effects for students varying levels of ability c. Neither group learned a significant amount d. There is a positive correlation between the results of the two methods e. There is a possibility that the difference between the two groups occurred by chance

e.

In an experiment designed to determine whether watching violent scenes on television increases the frequency of aggressive behavior in children, one group of subjects saw a nonviolent cartoon and another group saw a violent cartoon. In the play period that followed the viewing of the cartoons, researchers observed the two groups of children together and counted instances of aggressive behavior. The control group in the experiment is the group that ... a. the researchers thought would be most aggressive b. performed the larger number of aggressive acts c. performed the smaller number of aggressive acts d. watched the violent cartoon e. watched the nonviolent cartoon

e.

In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development? a. Clinical case study b. Between subjects c. cross-sectional d. ethonographic e. longitudinal

e.

Jane Goodall lived among wild chimpanzees intermittently for decades, studying their social and family systems while keeping her interaction with the chimpanzees to a minimum. Her research method can most accurately be described as ... a. survey b. case study c. experiment d. correlational research e. naturalistic observation

e.

The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives? a. behavioral b. biological c. cognitive d. humanistic e. psychoanalytic

e.