AP Computer Science 2

Packet

A chunk of data sent over a network. Larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all.

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Which of the following best explains what happens when a new device is connected to the Internet?

An Internet Protocol (IP) address is assigned to the device.

Protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

Researchers have developed a simulation of packets traveling between server computers and client computers in a network. Of the following, which two outcomes are most likely to be results of the simulation?

Better understanding of the effect of temporarily unavailable network connections Better understanding of the impact of increased connection speeds for frequently visited servers

Which of the following best explains how fault tolerance in a network is achieved?

By providing multiple paths between devices, enabling routing to occur even in the presence of a failed component

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

Which of the following best explains how data is transmitted on the Internet?

Data is broken into packets, which can be sent along different paths.

Which of the following best explains how data is typically assembled in packets for transmission over the Internet?

Each packet contains data to be transmitted, along with metadata containing information used for routing the data.

HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol - the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet

Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) has been introduced to replace the previous version (IPv4). Which of the following best describes a benefit of IPv6 over IPv4?

IPv6 allows for a greater number of addresses than IPv4, which allows more devices to be connected to the Internet

Which of the following is a primary benefit of making a computing system fault-tolerant?

If one component of the system fails, users of the system can often still access it.

Which of the following is a primary reason for the use of open protocols on the Internet?

Open protocols provide a way to standardize data transmission between different devices.

Which of the following best describes a direct benefit in using redundant routing on the Internet?

Redundancy often allows messages to be sent on the network even if some network devices or connections have failed.

Which of the following statements about the Internet is true?

The Internet is designed to scale to support an increasing number of users.

Which of the following best explains how the Internet is a fault-tolerant system?

The Internet is fault-tolerant because there are usually multiple paths between devices, allowing messages to sometimes be sent even when parts of the network fail.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the World Wide Web and the Internet?

The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that is accessed via a network called the Internet.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the fault-tolerant nature of routing on the Internet?

The ability to provide data transmission even when some connections have failed

Two computers are built by different manufacturers. One is running a Web server and the other is running a Web browser. Which of the following best describes the ability of the two computers to communicate with each other across the Internet?

The computers can communicate directly because Internet communication uses standard protocols.

A user enters a Web address in a browser, and a request for a file is sent to a Web server. Which of the following best describes how the file is sent to the user?

The file is broken into packets for transmission. The packets must be reassembled upon receipt.

Which of the following best explains how messages are typically transmitted over the Internet?

The message is broken into packets. The packets can be received in any order and still be reassembled by the recipient's device.

IP Address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

Internet

a computer network consisting of interconnected networks that use standardized, open (nonproprietary) communication protocols.

Computing System

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

Computing Network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

Computing Device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files.

According to the domain name system (DNS), which of the following is a subdomain of the domain example.com?

about.example.com

Digital Divide

differing access to computing devices and the Internet, based on socioeconomic, geographic, or demographic characteristics

Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

Bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second.

Path

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver.