AP Environmental Midterm Review

roughly what percentage of incoming solar energy is converted into chemical energy by producers 99 80 50 between 5 to 20 1

1

an ecosystem has an ecological efficiency of 10 percent. if the producer level contains 10000 kilocalories of energy, how much energy does the tertiary consumer level contain 1 10 100 1000 10000

10

the average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is approximately 1 percent 2 percent 10 percent 20 percent

10 percent

in 2007 in the united states there were approximately 480 cars for every 1000 people. The US population was approximately three hundred fifteen million. The total number of cars in the United States in 2007 was closest to 150000 30000000 15000000 300000000 3000000000

150000000

Clean Water Acts 1. regulates the dumping of wastes into the oceans 2. sets rules for use of the world's oceans 3. regulates all discharge of pollutants into water sources 4. authorized surgeon general to improve sanitary conditions of surface and underground waters 5. regulates construction on wetlands area

3 and 5

water in a pond contaminated with the weed killer atrazine is suspected of inhibiting metamorphosis in northern leopard frogs. A team of scientists collected fertilized northern leopard frog eggs from a different pond that is not contaminated. Which of the following is the best experimental design to determine whether atrazine is responsible for inhibiting metamorphosis in northern leopard frogs

Place half of the fertilized eggs in a pool of water with the same concentration of atrazine as the contaminated pond and place the other half of the fertilized eggs in a pool of water that has no atrazine. Monitor the development of the embryos through metamorphosis into adulthood.

a zebra is an example of a a secondary consumer a producer a detrivore a primary consumer

a primary consumer

CITIES is a treaty controlling the international trade in endangered species a set of regulations controlling the introduction of exotic species a pact that supports critical ecosystems that support wildlife an international organization dedicated to the preservation of endangered species a law that states only pet stores can sell endangered species

a treaty controlling the international trade in endangered species

an environmentally sustainable society manages its economy and population size without doing irreparable environmental harm satisfies the needs of its people by harvesting without depleting earths capital protects the prospects of future generations of humans and other species meets the needs of its people without jeopardizing the needs of future generations all of the above

all of the above

all autotrophs use photosynthesis are able to survive without oxygen are primary consumers are at the top of the food chain

are able to survive without oxygen

which of the following federal laws specifically deals with the clean up of abandoned hazardous waste sites clean air act clean water act safe drinking water act resource conservation and recovery act comprehensive environmental responsibility compensation and liability act

comprehensive environmental responsibility compensation and liability act

thrips are insects that feed on rose pollen. Scientists noted that the thrips population increased in the spring and decreased dramatically during the summer. The researchers hypothesized that food abundance was the limiting factor for the population. Which of the following types of data would be most useful for the scientists to collect at regular intervals on a designated test plot of rose plants

density of rose pollen producedwhic

ecosystem boundaries are based primarily on topographic features boundaries to nutrient flows never based on human created features depend on many subjective factors

depend on many subjective factors

which of the following best illustrates the concept of tragedy of the commons destruction of landscape by surface mining on private land selective harvesting of trees by a timber company in a national forest legislation of catch limits to avoid deletion of fish stocks in a shared lake inadvertent destruction of beneficial species while attempting to control pests depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers

depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers

which of the following is the best illustration of the tragedy of the commons depletion of fishing stocks in the north atlantic collective farming of wine grapes in communities in France using national forests for wood production and harvesting allocation of all nuclear wastes to one site in Nevada agreements among western ranchers to jointly manage common grazing land

depletion of fishing stocks in the north atlantic

Assures the safety and truthful packaging and labeling of food drugs and cosmetics Federal food drug & cosmetic act Consumer product safety act food quaility protection act toxic substances control act

federal food drug and cosmetic act

which of the following is not an example of an abiotic component in an ecosystem water minerals sunlight fungi air

fungi

which of the following beliefs does not characterize a life centered worldview human ingenuity can fix any problems we face earth has limited resources ever increasing production will severely stress earth's systems earth has limited capability to absorb human pollutants ever increasing consumption will severely stress earth's systems

human ingenuity can fix any problems we face

which of the following best desribes the first law of thermodynamics energy always changes from a more useful more concentrated form to aless useful, less concentrated form in a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created or destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another heat always flows from a hot body to a cold body entropy of a system increases as the state of disorganization in the system increases in a reversible process, the entropy of a systems constant, whereas in an irreversible process, the entropy of the system inceases

in a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created or destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another

the factor that likely poses the greatest threat of extinction worldwide is weakening of environmental legislation increase in hunting and fishing aggressive collecting of specimens by museums and zoos black-market trade in endangerd species increasing loss of habitat

increasing loss of habitat

montreal protocol- initated the phase out of all CFC's reduced greenhouse gas emmisions regulates dumping of wastes into the oceans requires nations to reduce pollution toxicity and volume

initiated the phase out of all CFC's

agreement among 150 nations requiring greenhouse gas emission reduction madrid protocol kyoto protocol montreal protocol stockholm declaration

kyoto protocol

which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment composted manure is added to agricultural soil during spring tilling coral reefs modify the direction of an ocean current plants release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis low phospurus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation a thich planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside

low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation

resource conservation and Recover Act was established to find the better ways to dispose of solid waste, promotes recycling gives the EPA authority to track industrial chemicals produced or imported to the US provides a soil and water conservation program to assist land owners manages landfills and sets minimal standards for waste disposal facilities

manages landfills and sets minimal standards for waste disposal facilities

repairing a damaged ecosystem or compensation for damage most often provides a replacement area remediation mitigation reclamation preservation

mitigation

all of the following are heterotrophs except (need other organisms to acquire energy) vulture bacteria moss human mushroom

moss

photosynthesis is the major source of which of the following gases in earths atmosphere co2 h2o o2 h2 n2

o2

which of the following is not a renewable resource groundwater trees in a forest oil fertile soil crops

oil

which of the following trophic levels has the most biomass producer primary consumer secondary consumer decomposer tertiary consumer

producer

term used to describe physical or chemical manipulations carried out in severely degraded sites such as open pit mines remediation mitigation reclamation preservation

reclamation

which of the following practices would have the greatest impact on achieving global sustainability recycling alluminum cans using fuel efficient vehicles replacing deforested areas reducing human population size developing ecotourism venues

reducing human population size

of the following, which is the best example of reclamation of disturbed lands restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined constructing a new wetland to compenstate for the loss of wetlands. growing crops on land formerly used for grazing reintroducing an endangered species into an area from which it has disappeared

restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined

losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following the first law of thermodynamics the second law of thermodynamics the law of conservation of matter the process of ecological succession limiting factors in an ecosystem

the second law of thermodynamics