AP Environmental Science - Global Change and Economics

C

An example of an effective way that developed nations can assist developing nations is A. building dams B. clearing forests for agricultural use C. providing tools such as hand pumps for retrieving well water D. giving money to authoritarian governments E. building roads to remote regions

D

Aesthetics and public service functions of the environment are also known as A. direct costs B. development incentives C. sustainable practices D. environmental intangibles E. certified sustainability

C

An economic measure created by Herman Daly that takes into account environmental and safety issues when calculating human progress is the A. gross national product (GNP) B. gross domestic product (GDP) C. Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare(ISEW) D. Net Economic Welfare (NEW) E. Costs to Control Pollution (CCP)

E

An example of a catalytic chain reaction is seen in A. formation of sulfur dioxides B. breakdown of DDT C. carbon sequestration D. increase of carbon dioxide E. ozone depletion

C

Approximately how much of the sunlight reaching earth is reflected back into space? A. 3/4 B. 1/2 C. 1/3 D. 1/8 E. 2/3

B

Climate refers to A. conditions in the atmosphere that occur for weeks at a time in an area B. conditions in the atmosphere that occur for years at a time in an area C. the weather in the thermosphere D. the chemical elements in the atmosphere E. the amount of sunlight that reaches an area

D

Deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and other activities that release greenhouse gases all contribute to A. solar emissions B. changing ocean currents C. decreasing sea levels D. global warming E. sedimentation

E

El Nino contributes to temporary global warming because it A. increases solar radiation B. increases deforestation C. causes rising sea levels D. increases electromagnetic radiation E. increases heat in the atmosphere from warm ocean waters

B

Healthy oceans and forests A. are a carbon dioxide source B. are a carbon dioxide sink C. are an example of positive feedback D. contribute most of the greenhouse gases E. increase atmospheric carbon dioxide

E

How much higher is the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere today compared to the mid-1700s? A. 80% B. 50% C. 145% D. 10% E. 30%

V

Nitrogen oxides make up what percentage of U.S. emissions of greenhouse gases? A. 35% B. 14% C. 60% D. 72% E. 6%

C

Rising sea levels that result form global warming are caused by I. melting of glaciers II. expanding oceans due to warmer temperatures III. more rainfall A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. II and III only E. I, II, and III

C

Social pressure, laws and regulations, taxes, and licensing are all ways to make sure a group of people reach a common environmental goal. These methods are known as A. risk-benefit analyses B. supply and demand C. policy instruments D. economic analyses E. tragedy of the commons

E

The United States has mostly what type of economy? A. command economy B. market economy C. ecological economy D. sustainable economy E. free market system economy

D

The amount of carbon dioxide that was in the atmosphere hundreds of years ago can be measured using A. fossils B. air samples C. ocean samples D. glacial ice cores E. tree sap

A

The breakdown of the ozone layer is dangerous because it absorbs less A. UV radiation B. CFCs C. acid rain D. water vapor E. nitrogen

A

The cost of reducing one additional unit of pollutant is the A. marginal cost B. pollution cost C. commons cost D. CCP cost E. public good cost

A

The levels of carbon dioxide throughout the history of the earth can best be measured using A. ice cores B. fossils C. historical records D. snow E. rocks

D

The public relations problems that British Petroleum (BP) experienced after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill are known as A. direct costs B. supply costs C. equilibrium points D. repercussion costs E. indirect costs

A

The willingness of businesswoman to postpone company profits by first implementing energy-efficient measures for increased profits in the future is known as A. time preference B. a discount rate C. sustainable profits D. cost-benefit analysis E. opportunity cost

C

What percentage of the world's carbon dioxide comes from the United States? A. 90% B. 5% C. 20% D. 60% E. 40%

C

What process do CFCs, chlorine, and bromine have in common that leads to destruction of the ozone layer? A. polymerization B. deposition C. photodissociation D. buffering E. biological control

E

When a forest is destroyed for lumber, the loss of revenue from tourists not visiting that area is known as a(n) A. risk value B. cost mitigation C. marginal cost D. direct cost E. externality

B

When energy from the sun gets absorbed by the ocean instead of being reflected by ice, this is known as A. El Nino B. polar amplification C. anthropogenic forcing D. solar radiation E. polar radiation

A

Which fossil fuel releases the LEAST amount of carbon into the atmosphere? A. natural gas B. coal C. oil D. biomass E. timber

B

Which of the following has the highest risk of death? A. biking B. exposure to air pollution C. air travel D. football E. being a police officer

E

Which of the following is NOT a source of methane? A. cows B. landfills C. forest fires D. dead plants E. aerosols

D

Which of the following requires the most energy to produce? A. recycled glass bottle B. new glass bottle C. recycled aluminum can D. new aluminum can E. new steel can

B

Which of these does not have a natural source? A. carbon dioxide B. CFCs C. nitrous oxide D. vapor E. hydrogen sulfide

D

Which type of organism would thrive in global warming conditions? A. small mammals B. butterflies C. migratory birds D. infectious insects E. grasses