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C- The persistence of a traditional view of the world as governed by supernatural forces.
A historian could best use Herberle's discussion of the comet as evidence for which of the following features of early modern intellectual life?
C- When it becomes corrupt
According to Locke, how did a government lose its legitimacy?
B- The consent of those members of society
According to Locke, how did society and its legitimate government hold power over the members of society?
B- To make the clergy of France subservient to the French government
According to the passage, what was the goal of the authors?
A- Romanticism
Accounts of non-European peoples similar to Cook's portrayal of the inhabitants of Australia contributed most directly to the development of which of the following?
D- typical portraiture composition
Art critics would most likely criticize Hogarth's work for all of the following reasons EXCEPT its
D- He was not Roman Catholic
Based on the passage, which of the following can be safety inferred about Herberle's religious affiliation?
A- there was significant belief in a unique German mission in history
Before 1945,
B- It had become a core principle of European culture.
By the 1800s, the method of empirical reasoning reflected in the passage had undergone which of the following changes
A- Rural overpopulation and migration to the cities
By the mid-eighteenth century, developments in agriculture similar to the ones reflected in the map led to which of the following in some parts of western Europe?
A- society can be perfected if you apply the scientific method to it.
Candide's statement that "Everything always happens for the best" can be seen as a reflection of the enlightenment belief that
B- Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view lack of technological development as evidence of cultural inferiority.
Compared to Cook's portrayal of the inhabitants of Australia in the late eighteenth century, the predominant European view of non-European peoples in the late nineteenth century had changed in which of the following ways?
D- The expanded availability and use of consumer goods
Cook's observations concerning the material culture of the inhabitants of Australia most clearly reflect the influence of which of the following developments in Europe?
A- Competition among European powers to create commercial empires
Cook's voyages were primarily a result of which of the following eighteenth-century developments?
C- Pursuing a policy of de-Christianization
During the radical phase of the revolution, which of the following changes instituted by Robespierre was LEAST beneficial to the defense of France?
B- Tolerance was a value of the Enlightenment
From the quotation, what becomes clear about Voltaire?
A- In ancient Rome, religious worship was decentralized and tended to vary with one's social position.
Gibbon's interpretation of the state of religious worship in ancient Rome could be best summarized how?
D- the Sale of Spirits Act
Hogarth primarily intended for this engraving to advocate for the passage of
B- The Renaissance revered the natural teachings of classical authority; Bacon's writings sought to overturn them.
How does the approach outlined in Novum Organum differ from the studies of the Renaissance era that preceded it?
B- The increasing cultivation of new crops brought from the Americas
In addition to new patterns of landownership and land use, which of the following factors had the greatest impact on western European agriculture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
C- The intensification of agricultural production in response to the development of a market economy
Infrastructure projects such as the one depicted on the map are best understood in the context of which of the following?
C- Constitutionalism
Locke was an advocate of which political system?
C- Jean Baptiste Colbert, his finance minister
Louis XIV was aided by many able advisors, but which of the following advisors helped him to recognize France and make it into a world power?
B- Europeans gaining a more thorough understanding of the rich cultural diversity through trade and travel.
Paine's statement in the last sentence, criticizing persecution, was most likely influenced by which of the following?
A- morally improve the living habits of the underclass
Social reformers of the eighteenth century saw the exaggerations in Hogarth's work as reason to
D- using cause-and-effect to systematize the understanding of human behavior
The "Concatenation of universal events" that brought the men together on the ship illustrates the 18th century fondness of
B- The Protestant Reformation's emphasis in individual study of the Bible.
The ability of someone of Herberle's social status in seventeenth-century Germany to read and write was most likely the result of which of the following?
B- The economic well-being of the city and region was tied to its inhabitants having employment
The authors of this document made which of the following assumptions
D- was discredited by Germany's defeat in World War II
The belief that Germany had a unique mission in history
B- The weakening of the Holy Roman Empire and the strengthening of smaller sovereign states within its boundaries.
The conflict that Herberle describes in his chronicle resulted in which of the following?
D- David Hume
The critiques offered by Voltaire through Candide are most clearly shared by what other philosopher?
D- Religious toleration should be given to all people of all religions.
The documents above supports which of the following demands of the Enlightenment philosophes?
B- Artists' criticism of social practices through satire
The engraving is an example of which of the following developments in eighteenth-century art?
A- The formalization of a constitutional monarchy in France
The events referred to in the song led most directly to which of the following?
B- They utilized new methods of communicating their ideas, such as salons and inexpensive printed pamphlets
The ideas expressed by Paine above best illustrates which of the following characteristics of Enlightenment intellectuals?
D- Many believed that the new scientific discoveries justified a more tolerant and objective approach to social and cultural issues.
The ideas expressed by Voltaire, above, best illustrate which of the following characteristics of Enlightenment intellectuals?
A-British ships frequented a northwest passage through North American waters into the Pacific Ocean.
The information provided by the map could be used as evidence to support which of the following assertions?
D- A Triangle of Trade connected Britain, North America, and the west coast of Africa.
The information provided by the map could be used as evidence to support which of the following assertions?
C- The spread of religious skepticism among the educated elite of Britain n the eighteenth century
The interpretation of the state of religious belief in ancient Rome by the eighteenth-century English historian Edward Gibbon might be offered as evidence for by which of the following?
C- British ships did not sail the Pacific Ocean during this period.
The map above was constructed by drawing a thin line for each voyage recorded in British trade ship logs between 1750 and 1800. As a result, the darker shaded areas record the most heavily travelled routes. Which of the following conclusions could be drawn from the evidence provided by this map?
C- Empiricism
The method of inquiry elucidated by Francis Bacon in the passage is known as
C- general rejection of Catholic dogma
The mockery of the Inquisition executioner who failed to hang Pangloss reflects the era's
C-Temporary improvements in women's legal status
The participation of women such as the poissardes led to which of the following during the early phases of the French Revolution?
B- successfully harnessed the human resources of the new French Republic
The passage is one example of the way in which the Committee of Public Safety
A- An economic crisis brought about by food shortages
The poissardes and other participants in the events described in the song were motivated most strongly by which of the following?
C- The combining, through marriage, or aristocratic status and bourgeois wealth
The scene depicted in the engraving refers to which manifestation of social change in the eighteenth century?
A- The social effects of industrialization
The sentiments expressed by the Leeds woolen workers illustrate which of the following historical trends?
C- Rationalism
The themes of the passage and the mode in which Pangloss tells them shows the influence of
C- The replacing of traditional laborers by machines in the industrialization of Britain in the eighteenth century
This document can be used as evidence for which of the following?
D- Mass Consumption
This passage refers to the establishment of which of the following?
C- satire
This piece of art can be best categorized as
D- Religious toleration should be given to all people of all religions
Voltaire is best known for supporting which of the following demands of the Enlightenment philosophes?
C- The Enlightenment
Voltaire was participating in what cultural movement?
B- Europeans gaining a more thorough understanding of the rich cultural diversity to be found through trade and travel
Voltaire's statement in the last sentence, criticizing persecution, is most likely influenced by which of the following?
B- Parliament was determined to drive Winstanley and the Diggers off of all common land.
What actions did the Parliamentarian regime that was victorious in English Civil War in 1649 take?
A- The shift from cottage industry organization to the mill system.
What changes are described in the passage?
C- There has been a longstanding debate in Germany about the existence of a unique German path in history
What did the passage indicate about the author's point of view
C- The initial investment in equipment was quickly recouped.
What does this passage say about spinning wool?
D- That large numbers of young girls worked for unmarried men without parental supervision
What was one of the moral objections to mill work in the wool spinning industry?
B- Baron Montesquieu
Which of the following Enlightenment philosophes designed a system of checks and balances for government to avoid abuses of power?
A- Jean-Jacques Rousseau because he thought society corrupted nobel souls
Which of the following Enlightenment philosophes questioned reliance on reason and began the Romantic Movement fro the rationale given?
A- Atheist
Which of the following best characterizes d'Holbach's theological stance?
B- the abolition of feudal dues and rents
Which of the following changes brought on by the French Revolution was most approved of by the peasants of France?
C- Low taxes on the peasants and middle class
Which of the following contributed the LEAST to the health and hunger problems faced by the French people in the seventeenth century?
A- The Ottoman Empire was weakened after the loss of the Battle of Vienna, leaving territory open to Russian expansion.
Which of the following events allowed continued Russian territorial expansion after Peter left the throne?
C- Existing archbishops
Which of the following groups in France in 1790 would have been most likely to oppose the proclamations of this document?
D- The Scientific Revolution
Which of the following intellectual movements was occurring in Europe at the time this document was created and would help improve crop yields?
C- The practice of economically motivated marriages of convenience is morally repugnant and bound to bring misery
Which of the following is an accurate summation of the kind of commentary Hogarth was attempting?
D- They allowed Peter the Great to build a port and a new capital city
Which of the following is the best characterization of the impact of the land acquisitions of Peter I of Russia from 1682-1715?
B- The duke, as a member of the French nobility, is biased against the king because of his suppression of the nobility
Which of the following is the best explanation of the bias found in the document above?
A- Financial problems caused by debts and low revenues
Which of the following was NOT one of the problems in France that caused the French Revolution referenced in the document above?
B- The westernization of Russia as it embraces the culture and traditions of Western Europe.
Which of the following was a goal of Peter the Great that was continued by Catherine the Great but never realized under Romanov rule?
D- He was at war fro 2/3 of his reign and united the other major powers against him.
Which of the following was the greatest weakness and regret of the rule of King Louis XIV?
B- The elimination of fallow fields through the agricultural revolution during the seventeenth century
Which of the following would be most responsible for ending the problems of hunger mentioned above?
A- Enclosure Acts
Which of the following would most directly have contributed to the scene depicted in the engraving?
C- The enclosure movement
Who were Gerrard Winstanley and his Diggers resisting?
B- It affirms the core Enlightenment ideals of reason and freedom of thought.
Why can the passage be identified as part of the eighteenth-century cultural movement known as the Enlightenment?
D- It advocated total war
Why could it be argued that what is discussed in the passage represents a turning point in the history of warfare in modern European history?
D- the later, radical phase of the Enlightenment
d'Holbach was participating in which movement?