AP euro ch26
SA What kind of problems did mass unemployment cause during the Great Depression?
- benefits were minimal, peoplle lost spirit - young people postponed marriage and birthrates declined - increased rates of suicide and mental illness - social powder keg
SA What was the Scandinavian response to the Depression?
- built on the cooperative community action that existed before - increased government spending, maintainging production and employment - taxed the rich (eventually everyone) to pay for it
SA What did the Works Progress Administration attempt to do during the Depression in the United States?
- created to fight unemployment by creating government jobs - labor force build public buildings, bridges, and highways - lessened social tension
SA On what basis did John Keynes criticize the Versailles Treaty?
- he said that German prosperity was essential to that of the English - argued harsh reparations would impoverish Germany and the world in turn - this would encourage Bolshevism and turn Germany Communist
SA What was the goal of the Bauhaus school?
- interdisciplinary school meshing fine and applies arts -taught functionalism in which every piece fits its environment and serves a purpose -attracted worldwide students and trained them in modern techniques
SA What did Gustav Stresemann do to meetthe challenge of runaway inflation in Germany in 1923?
- stopped passive resistence in the Ruhr - agreed in principle to pay reparations that were aligned with what Germany could afford - loans from the U.S. (Dawes Plan)
SA Following the First World War, how did the revolt against established certainties in philosophy differ in the English-speaking world as opposed to continental Europe?
-English countries developed logical positivism which emphasizes rationality and scientific proof, not god or the meaning of life - continental countries developed existentialism, stressing the meaninglessness of existence and individuals could find value themselves
SA Who was the "modern girl"?
-somewhat stereotypical of a modern and independent working woman of the 1920's - few could live up to this ideal - created partly to sell products to young women
Unemployment in the United States averaged only 5 percent in the 1920's but in 1933 soared to about...
30 percent
What kind of world did Franz Kafka portray in fiction like "The Trial"?
A pessimistic world in which hellless individuals are crushed by inexplicably hostile forces.
The American stock market crash of October 1929 was primarily the result of...
An imbalance between real investment and speculation
James Joyce's Ulysses weaves ironic parallels between the adventures of Homer's hero Ulysses and ...
An ordinary man's aimless wandering throught the streets and pubs of Dublin.
What did orthodox economists believe in the 1930's?
Balanced budgets were the key to economic growth
What ideas does the functionalist architecture of Le Corbusier promote?
Buildings should be built without ornamentation and instead be practical structures with clean, straight lines.
What was an important factor in both the rapid growth of the American stock market in the 1920's and its collapse in October 1929?
Buying on margin
What agreement did the United States develop to resolve the economic problems of Germany and international tensions in Europe in 1924?
Dawes Plan
What did Marcel Proust attempt to do in his novel "Remembrance of Things Past"?
Discover the inner meaning of bittersweet memories of childhood and youthful love.
Why was the Great Depression slow to affect France?
France was less industrialized than the other major continental powers in Europe and somewhat isolated deom the world economy
The 19th century Danish theologian Søren Kierkegaard taught that...
God's existence could not be proven, but believers must take a leap of faith and accept the existenc of a majestic God.
In 1923, which German politician called off passive resistance in the Ruhr and agreed in principle to pay reparations?
Gustav Stresemann
In the 20th century, what was John Maynard Keynes known for?
He denounced the Treaty of Versailles for economic reasons
What is the composer Arnold Schönberg known for?
His creation of 12 tone musuc that abandoned traditional harmony and tonality.
The German government's printing of money to pay unemployment benefits to workers striking in the Ruhr against the Franco-Belgian occupation of 1923 led to...
Hyperinflation
What did the Swedish response to the Depression involve?
Increasinng social welfare benefits and state spending on public works projects
In "Civilization and Its Discontents" Freud argued that civilization required...
Individuals to renounce their irrational instincts in order to live peaceably in groups.
In 29th century literature, the stream-of-consciousness technique uses...
Internal monologues to explore the psyche
What did the Popular Front do after its 1936 victory in France?
It encouraged the union movement and launched a far reaching program of social reform that included a 40-hour workweek
What was the British political party that emerged during the 1920's as the main opposition to the Conservative party?
Labour Party
Who was the director of "Triumph of the Will", a brilliant piece of cinematic propaganda based on the 1934 Nazi Party rally at Nuremberg?
Leni Riefenstahl
Why did Britain's abandonment of the gold standard not aid its recovery?
Many other wealthy countries abandoned the gold standard after Britain, blunting any advantage for Britain
What did the theories if Albert Einstein assert?
Matter and energy are interchangeable, linking the apparently infinite universe with the subatomic world.
In the early 20th century, the traditional arts and amusements of people in villages and small towns was overshadowed by...
Modern mass media such as cinema and radio
In the 20th century, Werner Heisenberg established the "uncertainty principle", which postulates that...
Nature istelf is ultimately unknowable and unpredictable and lacks any absolute objective realiy.
What was the main argument of logical positivism in the 29th century?
Philosophy is only the logical clarification of thoughts
What did President Franklin Roosevelt's National Recovery Administration attempt to do?
Plan and control the U.S. economy
The signatories of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact, initiated by French prime minister Aristide Briand and U.S. secretary of state Frank B. Kellogg, agreed to...
Renounce war as an instrument of international policy
What did Jean-Paul Sartre mean by the expression "existence precedes essence"?
Since there are no timeless or absolute truths, people must struggle to define their essense after they are born, completely on their own
The German Communist Party, noisy and active in the 1920's, reserved their greatest hatred and sharpest barbs for...
Social Democrats
With the United States' failure to ratify the Versailles treaty, many French leaders placed their hopes for future security on...
Strict implementation of the treaty
The Great Depression did not hit Britain as hard as the United States or Germany, in part because...
The British economy had moved away from international marketsand towards production of goods for the domestic market
Gabriel Marcel found the answer to the postwar broken world in...
The Catholic Church
What does "middle way" refer to?
The Scandanavian response to the Great Depression
In his philosophical writings, Friedrich Nietzsche argued that ...
The Western world had overemphasized rationality and stifled the authentic passions that drive human activity and true creativity.
In his writings on human psychology, Sigmund Freud asserted that...
The id is the unconscious source of sexual and aggressive instincts.
How did Jean-Paul Sartre think that people could live authentically in the 20th century?
They must choose their actions fully aware of their responsibility for their behavior.
Hoe did France and Belgium react when Germany refused to make its second reparations payment?
They occupied the Ruhr district
For artists such as the Dadaists and Surrealists, what was the purpose of art?
To expose the bankruptcy of modern society and produce radical social change.