AP Euro- Chapter 15 Absolutism, Constitutionalism AP Exam Review Quiz
constitutionalism
A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government on the one hand and the rights and liberties of the subject or citizen on the other; could include constitutional monarchies or republics
Peace of Utrecht
A series of treaties, from 1713 to 1715, that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, ended French expansion in Europe, and marked the rise of the British Empire
Fronde
A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation
mercantilism
A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the state's power; it was based on the belief that a nation's wealth, specifically its supply of gold and silver, determined its international power
How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century?
Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests
How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?
Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end
Test Act
Legislation, passed by the English Parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and teach at or attend universities
How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?
Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united
The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was
a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II
In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican Estates and supporters of
the House of Orange
The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was
the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy
The Baroque style flourished in the context of the
Catholic Reformation
Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640?
Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country
In return for financial support, what did Charles II of England secretly promise Louis XIV of France?
English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized
Cossacks
Free groups and outlaw armies originally comprising runaway peasants living on the borders of Russian territory from the fourteenth century onward. By the end of the sixteenth century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state
How did Frederick William the Great Elector of Prussia persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?
He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs
How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state?
He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's thirty-two districts
How did Frederick William I, king of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army?
He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists
France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
In music, the baroque style reached its culmination in the work of
Johann Sebastian Bach
Puritans
Members of a sixteenth- and seventeenth-century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate ceremonials, and wedding rings
What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?
People of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions
After a defeat at Narva, Peter the Great constructed a new army and eventually beat the Swedish in 1709 at
Poltava
The Junkers were
Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state
After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called
St. Petersburg
Protectorate
The English military dictatorship (1653-58) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I
janissary corps
The core of the sultan's army, composed of slave conscripts from non-Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force
stadholder
The executive officer in each of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, a position often held by the princes of Orang
boyars
The highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility
Peace of Westphalia
The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years' War in 1648 and marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe
junkers
The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia; they were reluctant allies of Frederick William in his consolidation of the Prussian state
Which of the following characterizes the English Revolution of 1688?
The revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the Parliament, which only represented the upper classes
Political power in the Dutch Republic was
controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
Mercantilist theory postulated that
economic activity should be regulated by and for the state
What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?
growth in armed forces
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately a
military dictatorship
Louis XIV selected councilors from the
newly ennobled or upper middle class
