AP Euro Chapter 23
Why did the conservative Bismarck pioneer the creation of an expansive system of social welfare?
Bismarck sought to blunt the attraction of socialism to the working classes and give them a small stake in the existing political system.
How did Louis Napoleon believe that the people should be represented in government?
By a strong national leader whose reforms would aid all of the people
Why did Prussia and Austria attack Denmark in 1864?
Denmark was attempting to bring two provinces that belong to the German Confederation into a more centralized Danish state.
Upon his election as president, why did Louis Napoleon sign conservative legislation?
He signed the legislation in order to get the National Assembly to pay his personal debts and change the constitution so he could run for a second term
Why did Bismarck enact high tariffs on grain from the United States, Canada, and Russia in 1878?
He sought to win support from both the Catholic Center and the Protestants Junkers, who had large land holdings.
How did the expanding right to vote affect national politics across Europe?
Politicians and parties became more responsive to the people they represented.
Why were extensive social welfare programs slow to form in Great Britain?
Social welfare programs were seen as a foreign idea that would destroy Britain's sense of its exceptionalism in European affairs.
Ottoman reformers launched a series of radical reforms in the nineteenth century known as the
Tanzimat
How did Bismarck structure the North German Confederation in order to secure the authority of the Prussian Emperor?
The emperor controlled the army and foreign affairs and universal male suffrage permitted the emperor to go directly to the people if the middle-class liberals resisted his bills in the legislature
How did the process of Italian unification survive the French betrayal of Sardinia in its effort to unify Italy?
The nationalist leaders in central Italy overthrew their local princes and merged with Sardinia, despite the displeasure of the Great Powers.
How did the Ottoman Empire's efforts at reform in the latter half of the nineteenth century undermine the empire's stability?
The reforms created equality before the law for all citizens, which increased religious disputes and split Muslims into secularist and traditionalist camps.
Which of the following best characterizes the political goal of the creation of free, compulsory elementary education in France?
To act as a nation-building tool in which all children would be taught secular, republican values
How did Sardinia and its monarch, Victor Emmanuel, gain the reputation of a liberal, progressive state?
Victor Emmanuel retained the liberal constitution forced upon his father in 1848, which included substantial civil liberties.
In the 1890s, how did Sergei Witte seek to transform Russia?
Witte believed that Russia's industrial backwardness was threatening its power and greatness and implemented industrial policies to catch up with the West.
The long-established customs union among the German states was known as the
Zollverein
Giuseppe Garibaldi is best described as
a romantic nationalist.
The first and most important of the Great Reforms in Russia was the
abolition of serfdom
Theodore Herzl was
founder of Zionist Jewish Movement
The event that directly prompted the Great Reforms in Russia, including the emancipation of the serfs, was the
defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-1856.
Bismarck's Kulturkampf refers to
his attack on the Catholic Church in the German Empire.
Louis Napoleon's great success with the economy included all of the following except
his government prevented the formation of labor unions or laws permitting labor strikes.
After the Franco-Prussian War, Prussia
imposed a harsh peace on France.
The Russian Zemstvos was the
institution for local government established by the Great Reforms.
What was the goal of the Prussian Parliament in the 1850s and 1860s?
to establish that the Parliament held final political authority and that the army was responsible to the Parliament
