Ap Euro Chapter 24/25

The ethnic group that suffered a million dead as victims of genocide during World War I were the

Armenians.

As early as July 28, 1914, European diplomats were becoming incapable of slowing a rush toward war mainly because...

The complex, rigid, and demanding mobilization plans devised by European army generals made immediate military action essential.

The German November revolution of 1918 eventually resulted in...

The creation of a German Republic with the socialists in power.

The Second Battle of the Marne was...

The end of Germany's final, futile effort to win the war.

The collapse of Russia's tsarist regime in March 1917 was aided by all of the following except...

The leadership of the Mensheviks in forming the new Provisional Government.

The most important consequence of the first year of World War I was

a deadly stalemate on the western front as a result of the failure of German war plans.

The Pan-German League advocated

anti-liberal policies including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all different classes of citizens at home.

In his encyclical De Rerum Novarum (1891), Pope Leo XIII

asserted that much in socialism was Christian in principle.

Modernism in music includes these elements

attraction to the exotic. nationalist themes. folk music. the lure of the primitive.

Friedrich Nietzsche

believed that Christianity had deeply undermined the creative power of western civilization.

According to Sigmund Freud, behavior was

determined by one's unconscious and by inner drives of which people were generally unaware.

The Bismarckian System had the ultimate result of

dividing Europe into two opposing groups of nations making war more likely.

Which of the follow progressive-era laws went into effect during Woodrow Wilson's tenure as president in the United states

graduated federal income tax

Social Darwinism was

he application of the principle of organic evolution to the social order.

Friedrich Nietzche glorified

irrationality

One socioeconomic group that clearly benefited from World War I was

large industrialists, especially owners of factories making weapons and munitions.

In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to

lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe.

The decline of the Ottoman Empire

led to Austrian-Serbian rivalry.

The development of trench warfare in France was characterized by

long periods of boredom broken by artillery barrages and frontal assaults by enemy troops.

Inquiry into the disintegrative process within atoms became a central theme in the ne wphyscis in part due to the experimental work of

marie and pierre curie on radium and radiation

The First World War in the east was characterized by...

more mobility than the trench warfare on the Western Front.

Among nineteenth-century European political movements, the one most responsible for triggering World War I was

nationalism.

The greatest difference between Naturalism and Realism in literature was in general

naturalism was more pessimistic than realism

Lenin's "April Theses"

outlined a specifically Russian movement toward socialism without first going through a bourgeois revolution.

The urbanization of Europe brought religion under attack from all of the following except

parliaments and legal societies.

The chief motivation of Georges Clemenceau's terms of armistice was to

punish Germany and gain security for France.

The higher criticism of the Bible championed by the French Catholic scholar Ernst Renan

questioned the historical accuracy of the Bible and denied the divinity of Jesus.

The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck

raised fundamental questions about the subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world.

The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about the

subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world.

The first professional occupation to be opened up to women was

teaching

The Fabian Socialists in Britain advocated

the necessity of workers using their new voting rights to elect a new House of Commons wherein legislation favorable to the working classes could be passed in democratic fashion.

The feature of the Versailles Treaty that most Germans found very hard to accept was...

Article 231, the "War Guilt Clause", which imposed heavy war reparations on Germany.

V.I. Lenin...

As a leader of the Bolsheviks promised "land, peace, and bread."

For Woodrow Wilson, the most important thing after the war was to..

Assure acceptance of his Fourteen Points.

The rivalry between which states for domination of southeastern Europe helped create serious tensions before WWI?

Austria-Hungary & Russia

The best example of naturalism in literature can be found in the novels of

Emile zola

Which of the following was not a pioneer in the field of nursing?

Emmeline Pankhurst

The leader of the womens suffrage movement in England was

Emmeline Pankhurst.

The leader who remarked, "In questions of honor and vital interests, you don't consult others" was

Empire William II of Germany.

The author whose work emphasizes suffering and faith as the means for the human soul to be purified was

Fydor Dostevsky

Which of the following philosophers advocated violence, if necessary, as a means of achieving socialism?

Georges Sorel

The chief reason for the United States' entry into World War I was

German violations of the principles of neutrality and freedom of the seas.

In 1905 who published "the electro-dynamics of moving bodies"?

Einstien

Camille Pissaro was one of the founders of

Impressionism

The Boer war was fought by the British in

South Africa, Zimbabwe

By the late nineteenth century

The American Federation of Labor had emerged as labor's dominant voice in the United States?

Italian trasformismo

was a policy of politics employed by Giovanni Giolitti and included the transformation of old political parties into new power blocks through the calculated use of political patronage and outright bribery.

Explaining his use of naturalism in his novels and his depiction of characters, Emile Zola said

"I have simply done on living bodies the work of analysis which surgeons perform on corpses."

Poison gas was introduced in

1915

Evidence that the Russians struggled to mobilize for total war can be found in the fact that they conscripted millions of men but could only arm

25 percent of them.

By 1890, the richest 9 percent of Americans owned ____ of the wealth

71 percent

Relativity theory

According to relativity theory neither time nor space is absolute but relative to the observer.

Which of the following statements best applies to Nicholas II's tsarist regime?

Alexandra, Nicholas' wife, kept him isolated from the reality of domestic disturbances.

the pioneer in nursing who founded the female association of the care of the poor and sick was

Amalie sieveking

The artist whose work garnered the highest price at the first Impressionist auction was

Berthe Morisot

During the Progressive era in the United States, all of the following reforms were adopted except

Civil Rights Acts.

The Meiji Restoration in Japan...

Created a political system democratic in form but rigidly authoritarian in practice & sent many Japanese abroad to be educated in the ways of the west and adopted many western reforms in political & military organization.

The event which exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century was the

Dreyfus affair

The outbreak of the Great War was greatly accelerated by the Schlieffen Plan, which was...

Germany's military plan to invade France through neutral Belgium before attacking Russia.

In 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of

Germany.

In art, modernism found its beginnings in the work of Pissarro called

Impressionism.

Pissarro's statement that "It is the brush stroke with the right value and color which should produce the drawing....Don't proceed with rules and principles, but paint what you observe and feel" refers to which school of painting?

Impressionism.

During the nineteenth century

Jews were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions.

Following the Bolshevik seizure of power in November 1917...

Lenin ratified the redistribution of land which had already been seized by peasants.

Internal opposition to the war in Eurooean nations came largely from...

Liberals and socialists appalled by the scale of human slaughter and the costs of rampant nationalism and militarism.

Which of the following art movements was not prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?

Surrealism

Among nineteenth-century European political movements, the one most responsible for triggering WWI was...

Nationalism.

Who said, "All this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections."

Otto von Bismarck

The Catholic Church took a rigid stand against modern ideas including religious toleration, freedom of speech, and freedom of the press under the direction of conservative popes such as

Pius IX.

In general, by the late nineteenth century, the worst treatment of the Jews occurred in

Russia

Even though facing tremendous odds against a successful seizure of power, the Bolsheviks prevailed in the end due to...

Ruthless discipline and leadership in part due to the military efforts of Leon Trotsky.

The new state of Yugoslavia had as its nucleus

Serbia

The rivalry between Russia and Austria-Hungary for domination of the new states in southeastern Europe played out largely through a conflict involving

Serbia.

The primary antagonists in the Balkans region were

Serbs and Austrians.

The mid-Pacific islands became a sphere of influence of

United States.

The usual tactic of trench warfare was to...

Use heavy artillery bombardments and then launch direct frontal infantry assaults on well-defended enemy positions.

As a result of WWI, Eastern Europe...

Witnessed the emergence of many new nation-states.

Following Germany's failure to pay its war reparations, France occupied Germany's Ruhr valley, resulting in

a policy of passive resistance by the German government and German resort to printing money to pay war debts.

Just prior to World War I, the European intellectual community was marked by

a sense of confusion and anxiety leading to feelings of imminent catastrophe.

Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement,

advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Freud maintained that a human being's inner life was a battleground between all of the following except the

alterego.

The Bolshevik takeover in November 1917 could best be described as

an armed takeover of the capital.

Efforts to maintain European peace following World War I included

an inherently weak system of alliances between France and the Little Entente.

At its premier, Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring, now considered as a classic example of modernism in music and ballet,

caused a great riot at the theater by the audience because of its sharp dissonance, and blatant sensuality.

As soldiers on both sides realized that no one could gain an advantage in trench warfare

daily life for the soldier became increasingly squalid and miserable in rat-infested trenches.

Britain's Fabian Socialists favored

evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means

Sun Yat-sen was a

evolutionary leader helped overthrow the Manchu dynasty of China in 1912

Britain's Fabian Socialists

favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.

The women workers of World War I played an important role in

gaining women the right to vote immediately following the war.

The entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917

gave the nearly-defeated Allied Powers a psychological boost.

Before the outbreak of WWI in 1914, the general outlook of the future by most Europeans was...

highly optimistic with material progress expected to create an earthly utopia.

Joseph Stalin's emergence as leader of the Communist party was aided by

his position as general secretary of the Bolshevik party.

The totalitarian regimes of Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union

hoped to control every aspect of their citizens' lives.

In order to complement the liberal party social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of the

house of lords

Using Darwin's terminology, Herbert Spencer argued that

human societies were organisms evolving through time by struggling with their environments.

The Pan-German League advocated anti-liberal policies

including the development of a global German colonial empire to unite all classes of citizens at home

Lenin's New Economic Policy was designed to

increase the production of food and consumer goods.

Among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George was

passage of the national insurance action of providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers

Marie curie won two noble prices for the achievements in

physics and chemistry

As public morale and support for the war ebbed

police powers were expanded to include the arrest of all dissenters as traitors to the state.

British rule brought all of the following to India in the late nineteenth century except

political democracy.

The growth of Mussolini's Fascist movement was aided by

popular, nationalistic resentment toward Italy's treatment following World War I.

After World War I, the United States Senate voted to

renounce the Versailles Treaty that Wilson had negotiated.

In Feud's theory of psychoanalysis, the process that drives unwanted thoughts into the conscious is known as

repression

maria Montessori exemplifies the "new women" of modern times in that

she obtained a professional degree and applied her experity to the new fields of inquiry like early childhood development

Maria Montessori exemplifies the "new woman" of modern times in that

she obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.

By the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups had emerged as labor's dominant voice in the United States?

the American Federation of Labor.

The tank was introduced by to the battlefields of World War I by

the British.

Russia's disastrous defeat in the Russo-Japanese war indirectly led to the

the Revolution of 1905.

. The response of religious institutions to the challenges of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries included all of the following except

the Women's Social and Political Union.

Which of the following was not an argument to justify imperialism at the turn of the century?

the argument to lessen the burden of excess European population, especially criminals and other "undesirables"

modernism in music included all of the following except

the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms

Modernism in music included all of the following elements except

the exclusive use of extremely regular rhythms.

the basis of the Bismarck system was

the incorporation of Austria-Hungary into the German Empire

The basis of the Bismarckian System was

the isolation of France through a series of military alliances

Growing tensions in modern German society were exemplified by

the proliferation of ultra-nationalist right-wing political groups with anti-Semitic, racist and imperialist beliefs

The experimental work of early twentieth-century physicists challenged and ultimately invalidated

the rational, mechanical conception of the universe posited in the physics of Newton.

According to Houston Stewart Chamberlain, the Aryans were

the real creators of western culture.

In Freud's theory of psychoanalys isthe seat of reason is the

the seat of reason is the ego.

In August 1914, the perception of the upcoming war among Europeans was that...

the war would be very short, possibly only weeks in duration.

To advance the cause of women's suffrage the women's social and poltical union founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

took a radical public and well publicized approach to the movements employing different media and provocative public actions like pelting male politicians with eggs

To advance the cause of women's suffrage, the Women's Social and Political Union founded by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

took a radical, public, and well publicized approach to the movement, employing different media and provocative public actions, like pelting male politicians with eggs.

he belief of European states that they had to uphold the power of their allies for their own internal security was a

trend that trends helped lead to the outbreak of the Great War.

During 1914, in contrast to events in Western Europe, the war in the east

was marked by mobility

According to Freud, the superego

was the locus of conscience and represented the inhibitions and moral values society in general and parents in particular impose upon people.

The "Boxers"

were Chinese who attempted to expel all foreigners from the country through armed rebellion.

During the nineteenth century, Jews

were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions

Economically, WWI...

witnessed European governments gradually take full control of all aspects of their economies.

As a result of World War I, Eastern Europe

witnessed the emergence of many new nation-states.