AP Euro Chapter 28

At its height during the Great Depression, unemployment in the United States reached

33 percent.

As practiced in the 1930s, appeasement was...

A British policy that aimed to give Hitler whatever he wanted in order to avoid war

The "cult of the Duce" promoted the image of Mussolini as...

A powerful strongman embodying the best qualities of the Italian people

Which of the following events occurred first?

A) French and Belgian armies occupy the Ruhr.

The composer Arnold Schönberg is known for

A) his creation of "twelve-tone" music that abandoned traditional harmony and tonality.

The most fundamental commitment of the New Deal was to

A) reform the capitalist system.

According to Freud, ingrained moral values, the ____________, specify what a person should do.

A) superego

Georges Sorel saw Marxian socialism as

B) an inspiring, but unprovable religion.

Stalin's theory of socialism in one country...

B) argued that the Soviet Union could build socialism on its own.

Who were the kulaks in Stalin's Soviet Union?

Better-off peasants who were stripped of land and livestock and usually not allowed to join collective farms

One of the earliest full-length feature films produced in the United States was

Birth of a Nation.

What characteristics did communist and facist dictatorships share?

Both engaged in state-controlled social engineering projects meant to replace individualism with a unified "people"

Why did Britain adopt a policy of appeasement in its relationship with Hitler?

British conservative leaders underestimated Hitler.

How did German chancellor Heinrich Brüning try to cope with the Great Depression in the early 1930s?

By cutting government spending and squeezing wages and prices.

In Stalin's Soviet Union, women...

Could enter the ranks of specialists in industry and science

For ____________, the basic fact about human beings was that they are imperfect.

D) Karl Barth

Which of the following events occurred last?

D) Popular Front is formed in France.

To resolve the economic problems of Germany and international tensions in Europe, the U.S. developed the

Dawes Plan.

The popular front was formed in response to

E) the growth of fascism.

Ulysses is an example of

E) the stream-of-consciousness technique.

Which countries in August 1939 signed a nonaggression pact that led directly to war?

Germany and the Soviet Union.

Why did Stalin call for the mass murder of the kulaks?

He believed that as landowners they would eventually embrace conservative capitalism and become great enemies of socialist progress

How did Stalin use the murder of Sergei Kirov to his own advantage?

He blamed the murder on "fascist agents" within the Communist Party and launched a purge of the party itself that solidified his own control

Why was Mussolini expelled from the Italian Socialist Party?

He urged Italian entry into World War I

Which of the following social groups was part of the new elite class in the Stalinist state?

Highly regarded artists

The target of the first two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 was

Hiroshima

What was the "Europe first" policy adopted by the allied powers during the World War II?

Hitler would be defeated before the Allies mounted an all-out assault on Japan.

What was the effect of the 1935 Nuremberg Law?

It defined as Jewish anyone having three or more Jewish grandparents

What was the effect of Lenin's 1921 New Economic Plan?

It encouraged peasants to sell their surpluses in free markets and allowed private traders and small manufacturers to do business again

What was the effect of the NEP?

It encouraged peasants to sell their surpluses in free markets and allowed private traders and small manufacturers to do business again

Lenin's New Economic Plan was a political compromise with...

Russian peasants

According to Hitler's New Order, which European race was considered subhuman along with the Jews?

The Slavic Race

In the Lateran agreement, how did Mussolini resolve the status of the Catholic Church in Italy?

The Vatican was recognized as an independent state that recieved heavy support from the Italian state

The parliamentary government in Italy was breaking down at the time of the Fascist march on Rome in October 1922, largely because of...

The violence perpetrated by Mussolini's own black-shirted militants

Why did Stalin and his supporters sponsor the first five-year plan?

They feared a gradual restoration of capitalism and, more importantly, wanted to catch up with the West and overcome traditional Russian "backwardness"

How did real wages for workers and peasants in the Soviet Union in 1937 compare with those in the Russian Empire in 1913?

They were lower

What was Germany's goal in the battle of Britain?

To gain air supremacy in anticipation of an invasion of Great Britain

Britain and France finally confronted Hitler with the threat of war when he

Used the pretext of German minorities in Danzig to threaten Poland

The British Broadcasting Corporation is representative of

a middle path between private networks in the U.S. and direct control on the continent.

Buying stocks "on margin" refers to the practice of

buying stocks with loans from stockbrokers.

All of the following statements about the Bauhaus movement are accurate except that it

combined expressionism and cubism to form surrealism.

German government printing of money to pay unemployment benefits to workers striking in the Ruhr against the Franco-Belgian occupation of 1923 led to

hyperinflation.

When Germany refused to make its second reparations payment, France and Belgium

occupied the Ruhr district.

With Russia hostile and communist, France turned to a defensive alliance with

the "little Entente."

According to the text, Britain was more ready to conciliate Germany than France following the Versailles peace settlement because

the British had depended heavily on the German market for their exports before World War I.

In The Decline of the West, Oswald Spengler argued that

the West would soon be conquered by "the yellow race."

Albert Einstein's greatest contribution to the destruction of the Newtonian universe was his

theory of special relativity.

In the 1920s support for Adolf Hitler's National Socialist party.

was weak and confined to a few anti-Semites, ultranationalists, and angry veterans.

The first major public broadcasts of special events by radio were made in

1920.

According to the text, the American stock market crash of October 1929 was primarily the result of

C) an imbalance between real investment and speculation.

According to the principle of ____________, buildings should serve the purpose for which they were made.

C) functionalism

According to the text, the Great Depression did not hit Britain as hard as the United States or Germany in part because

C) the British economy gradually reoriented away from international markets and toward production of consumer goods for the domestic market.

How did Mussolini build support from big business in Italy?

He left big business to regulate itself and never purged its members

The British political party that emerged during the 1920s as the champion of the working class and the main opposition to the Conservative party was the

Labour party. .

Challenges to the centrality of rational thought to understand the human condition came from all of the following philosophers except

Ludwig Wittgenstein.

The Christian revival after World War I depended heavily on which of the following earlier philosophers and theologians?

Søren Kierkegaard.

The "middle way" refers to the

The "middle way" refers to the A) Scandinavian response to the Great Depression.

Between 1935 and 1940, union membership in the United States

doubled.

All of the following artistic styles emerged in the Age of Anxiety except

impressionism.

The Swedish response to the Depression involved

increasing state spending on public works projects and increasing social welfare benefits.

Because France was ________________, the Great Depression hit France late.

less industrialized and more isolated from the world economy

The parliamentary governments of Germany in the mid- to late 1920s were dominated by

moderate businessmen.

The logical empiricism espoused by Ludwig Wittgenstein argued that

philosophy is only the logical clarification of thoughts.

President Franklin Roosevelt's Works Progress Administration attempted to

plan and control the U.S. economy.

The slide into depression from 1929 to 1933 is best explained by the lack of leadership in the international economy and

poor national economic policy in almost every country.

Friedrich Nietzsche maintained all of the following except that

religious belief provided stability in an absurd

With the U.S. failure to ratify the Versailles Treaty, many French leaders placed their hopes for future security on

strict implementation of the treaty.

JeanPaul Sartre stressed

that individuals must give meaning to life through actions

Authors such as Marcel Proust, James Joyce, and William Faulkner wrote about

the complexity and irrationality of the human mind.