AP Euro Unit 1

Which of the following statements from the passage comes closest to capturing a humanist idea about the value of classical texts?

"...recourse is always had to the decisions and remedies, pronounced or prescribed by the ancients."

Based on the information given in the above excerpt, which of the following problem(s) plagued mid-16th ​century rural English communities?

A general rise in prices and the enclosure of common lands.

Which of the following conclusions about the Renaissance and Reformation is BEST supported by the above dialogue?

A worldview based on reason challenged the social order and the roles of women in early modern Europe.

The trading between the Portuguese and Africans, as discussed by King Affonso, most likely resulted in which of the following?

Africa went through a period of economic and political decline due to the Atlantic slave trade.

Which of the following best explains why New World plantation economies were not affected by the trend described in the graph?

African slaves shared immunities to Old World diseases with their European masters.

This piece is BEST described as which of the following?

An instruction manual for rulers.

Which of the following BEST describes the similarities between the perspectives of Machiavelli and Copernicus?

Both agreed on the importance of dissent and individual thinking.

This piece corresponds with which of the following political trends in Western Europe at the time?

Centralization of monarchical power.

The tone of the dialogue above BEST reflects which of the following developments in Europe during the Renaissance?

Changing views toward women's intellect and education.

Based on the text above, what effect did Humanist championing of classical texts have on established institutions?

Church schools became just one source of learning.

Based on the passage above, which of the following was the PRIMARY motivation for exploring and establishing colonies?

Commercial motives

Based on the information in this excerpt, which of the following statements would be the MOST accurate?

Da Vinci was the ultimate "Renaissance Man" because he was intellectually curious about many different subjects.

The tone of this statement BEST reflects which of the following developments in Renaissance and Reformation Europe?

Debates about female roles in the family and society.

The views expressed in the excerpt above are BEST seen as evidence of which of the following in European society?

Debates about the female role in society.

Which of the following conclusions about the period from 1630 to 1680 is most directly supported by both the painting and the table?

Despite some fluctuations in the value of the guilder caused by the clipping or devaluation of the currency by Spanish kings, the Dutch economy grew substantially.

The painting above illustrates which significant aspect of peasant life in Early Modern Europe?

Despite the persistence of widespread subsistance agriculture, peasants were still able to observe social rituals of a communal nature.

Which of the following categories of exchange between Europeans and Native Americans during the sixteenth century MOST directly resulted in the decline of the indigenous population of the New World?

Diseases, including smallpox and measles.

The pattern discussed in the passage illustrates which of the following early modern developments?

Economic interests supplanting religious differences.

The tone of the statement above is best understood in the context of which of the following?

European colonial views of Native populations as less than human and backwards in the ways of the modern world.

The concerns expressed by King Affonso indicate which of the following shifts in European political history?

Europeans supported economic activity that provided support for mercantilism and the growth of powerful states.

This painting supports all the following conclusions EXCEPT

Flanders had a long-established aristocracy that placed many regulations on global trade.

In the SECOND excerpt, which of the following was NOT a motivation for Cosimo de' Medici to fund the building of a Florentine monastery?

He wished to compete with other Renaissance princes to build the biggest and best monastery in Florence.

Which of the following situations MOST seems to be conforming to Machiavelli's advice with regards to religion?

Henry VIII's interaction with the Roman Catholic Church.

Which of the following was an important continuity underlying the exchange of tulips illustrated by three sources?

In the early to mid-1630s, Dutch entrepreneurs and speculators felt empowered and able to bet recklessly on the value of tulips.

Based on the above passage, which of the following can MOST likely be inferred about Copernicus's view of religion and science?

Informed science and informed religion are not mutually opposed.

How does this passage demonstrate Machiavelli's championing of classical models for individual and political behavior?

It compares the struggle of ancient and classical peoples and the emergence of leaders who overcome adversity to establish present Italian conditions.

This speech is considered a classic example of Renaissance humanism for which of the following reasons?

It declares the ability of humans to control their destiny and develop themselves by learning.

What BEST describes why Machiavelli's argument was so groundbreaking and controversial?

It put forth a view of political behavior that is entirely secular.

Bruni's description would produce a politician that would most likely be supported by

John Locke.

What is the unstated purpose of the passage by Sepúlveda?

Justifying the subjugation of natives.

By the middle of the 17th century, which of the following was the MOST important change that took place in many English and other European villages like the one represented by this map?

Local markets for agricultural goods were connected with regional, national, and even international markets.

All of the following would be measures that supported the active civic humanism that Bruni advocated EXCEPT

Louis XIV's court at Versailles.

This painting is an example of which of the following new artistic styles?

Mannerism

Inferring from the passage, European states, including Portugal, often maintained their merchant empires through which of the following means?

Military conquest and occupation.

The trend demonstrated in the graph was mostly the result of which of the following?

Native exposure to European diseases.

Which of the following European countries initiated the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

Portugal.

Which of the following was LEAST characteristic of the artistic style reflected in the painting above?

Realistic proportion and posture.

The tone of the statement above best reflects which of the following developments in European history?

Reformers and thinkers using the printing press to disseminate their ideas about Christianity and the Catholic Church.

Which of the following was a major impact of usury on the economic systems of Europe in the 17th century and onward?

Secular banking systems based upon usury would become prevalent.

Bruni's assertion against a life of mere contemplation is a direct refutation of the principles of​ which of the following philosophers?

Socrates.

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to agree with Petrarch's ideas on education?

St. Ignatius Loyola

What was Dumoulin's attitude towards usury?

That charging interest upon repayment of a loan was an acceptable practice.

What was the intent or rationale behind placing the Bank of Amsterdam in the city palace, as Kessel's painting shows?

The Bank of Amsterdam's private directors wished to encourage investment by placing the full faith, credit and reputation of the city's government behind the Bank.

Winthrop's argument in the above passage is most likely a response to which of the following developments?

The Columbian Exchange.

A historian could insert this painting as an illustration in a book he/she is writing on

The Counter-Reformation.

Which of the following was a PRIMARY motive for the establishment of European trade networks in the areas shown in the map above?

The European Atlantic maritime powers wanted to challenge the trade monopolies in the East dominated by Muslim and Venetian merchants.

Which of the following would best support the author's assertion regarding natives in the New World?

The European belief in their special place in the world.

Which of the following most likely influenced Machiavelli and other Italian humanists like him in this time period?

The French invasion of Italy in 1494, which initiated years of foreign intrigue and domination on the peninsula and motivated Italian political philosophers to seek new methods.

Which of the following events later in history best parallels the purpose of this passage?

The Holocaust.

Who did Spain and Portugal turn to in order to settle their dispute over the newly "discovered" territories?

The Pope

Which of the following economic and historical conditions was most important in creating the dramatic increase in the money supply indicated in the table?

The Price Revolution

Which of the following conclusions is BEST supported by the above statement?

The Reformation reinforced, rather than reconfigured, stereotypical female roles in society.

Peter Garber's argument regarding tulipmania in the passage above is most similar to which analysis of alternative periods and events?

The analysis of economic historians who fault the risky speculation of the 1920s for the Great Depression of the 1930s.

A historian studying both sides of the first contacts between Europeans and Native Americans would be most interested in which of the following details from the passage?

The building of a fortress in the New World.

The observations expressed in the above excerpt were part of which of the following larger economic trends taking place in parts of Western Europe by the end of the 17th ​century?

The commercialization of agriculture.

What historical developments in the era support the ideas expressed in the passage?

The conquest of native empires in the New World.

A historian would be interested in this image if they were studying which of the following?

The demographic effects of the Columbian Exchange.

The excerpt above BEST demonstrates which of the following new values Copernicus was validating in society during this period?

The emergence of independent observation and reasoning as a valid source of knowledge.

Which of the following reasons explains why Pieter Bruegel the Elder painted scenes such as the one portrayed above?

The growing cultural awareness in modern European society of the importance of the agricultural worker to the overall economy.

Valla's work contributed to which of the following trends in fifteenth-century Europe?

The growing willingness to criticize the legitimacy of high-ranking clergy.

Which of the following would best support the above author's assertion regarding the rise of vernacular literature?

The growth in Protestantism in Europe after the printing of the Luther Bible.

Which of the following was MOST DIRECTLY a consequence of the trend depicted in the image?

The growth of the African slave trade to meet the growing labor demands of the plantation system.

The views expressed in the excerpt above are best seen as evidence of which of the following in European society during the Reformation?

The growth of vernacular literature helped Protestantism to become widely established.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the above statement?

The growth of vernacular literature would eventually contribute to the development of national cultures.

The attitudes expressed in this passage are most similar to the attitudes of which of the following time periods?

The mid-to-late 19th century.

Which of the following would best support Luther's need to assert his views regarding the role of women in European society?

The persistent tensions between women's role and status in European society during the Renaissance and Reformation.

Which of the following best explains the motivation behind the publication of Pope Leo X's "Papal bull on printing books"?

The printing press spurring the spread of new ideas and threatening the Catholic Church's hold on the dissemination of information in Europe.

While both French and Garber agree that the rapid increase in the value of tulips in the Netherlands can be attributed to rampant, private speculation, French disagrees with Garber in that

The reason for tulipmania is clear: monarchies throughout Europe tinkered with the money supply making the Netherlands an epicenter of sound and trusted--but also ample--moneys which were directed toward speculation and poor investment.

Petrarch's Letter to Livy prompted which of the following major developments in Europe during the 15th century?

The revival of classical writings.

The activities described in the passage provide an early example of which of the TWO following trends?

The rise of mercantilism, which gave the state a new role in promoting commercial development and acquiring colonies overseas.

Which of the following is one of the short-term effects of Pre-Renaissance and Renaissance authors like Petrarch?

The rise of the social reform movement of the reformation.

Lorenzo Valla's "Discourse on the Forgery of the Alleged Donation of Constantine" posed a challenge to which of the following political situations in fifteenth-century Europe?

The rule of popes as secular leaders in central Italy.

The growth and vitality of the Portuguese slave trade in the Atlantic BEST illustrates which of the following trends that emerged in the sixteenth century?

The shifting of Europe's economic power base from the Mediterranean states to the Atlantic states.

The growth of which of the following institutions during the sixteenth century is best reflected in the passage?

The state.

Which of the following conclusions about the printing press is most directly supported by the passage above?

The success of the printing press powerfully shaped efforts to control and regulate the spread of information.

A historian examining this map could obtain the MOST information on which of the following topics concerning 16th-century rural England?

The three-crop field rotation system.

Which of the following was NOT a long term result of the passing of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

The ultimate elimination of 90% of the Native American populations.

What major point were both artists making in using the Old Testament story of David and Goliath as the theme of their artwork?

The young David represented the independent city-state of Florence standing against tyranny and/or the stronger states that threatened it on all of its borders.

Lorenzo Valla's critical examination of the Donation of Constantine was part of which of the following trends among Renaissance scholars?

Their focus on original Classical documents as subjects of study.

Which of the following was NOT a reflection in these sculptures of the basic principles of Renaissance humanism?

These sculptures were a rejection of basic Christian beliefs.

Though they considered themselves Catholic, Italian humanists like Mirandola challenged traditional medieval Christian thinking in all the following ways EXCEPT

They rejected the Christian conception of a triune God.

If a historian was using Matsys' painting to learn about urban life in 16th century Flanders, which of the following observations would be LEAST plausible?

This moneylender came from the Jewish community based in Flanders. The profession was considered to be immoral and only Jews were allowed to lend money.

The presence of these European powers between the 16th and 18th centuries in the areas represented in this map resulted in

a series of trade wars that resulted in the economic dominance of Britain and France in India by the early 18th century.

The ideas expressed in the FIRST excerpt most directly challenged the prevailing idea in the Middle Ages that

artists worked for the greater glory of God and did not expect to be recognized as individual geniuses.

After reading these excerpts, a historian might conclude that Isabella d'Este and Cosimo de' Medici believed that by becoming patrons of the arts, they

glorified themselves, their families, and their cities.

The excerpt above best illustrates Machiavelli's concept of civic humanism by

personifying the Italian spirit.

Which statement regarding the style of the painting and the attitude of the artist toward the peasant class seems MOST plausible? The painting is a(n)

realistic portrayal that recognizes that peasants had their own significant and meaningful culture as a class.

Economic rivalries like the one in the passage led to new forms of

state imposition of restrictive mercantile policies.

The early 16th century Portuguese and Venetian rivalry was most like

the Dutch-Portuguese rivalry of the mid 17th century.

This passage most reflects ideas found in

the Enlightenment.

Machiavelli's career as a diplomat and political figure in Renaissance Florence influenced his decision to focus on Roman history in the Discourse on Livy because

the Italian states seemed at the mercy of the great powers of France and Spain and needed inspiration.

All of the following are effects of the trend described in the graph EXCEPT

the decline of colonial economies as native populations declined.

The above painting is an example of

the growing cultural and economic links between Renaissance Italy and northern Europe.

The concern(s) expressed by English farmers and tenants in the above excerpt were most likely caused by

the introduction of a money economy in rural areas.

This work of art differs MOST from one painted by an Italian Renaissance artist in all of the following ways EXCEPT

the use of oils on canvas.

This excerpt and all the others from the above book would lead one to conclude that Giorgio Vasari

was considered by many in the West to be the first modern art historian.