ap euro unit 5 semester 2

In its attempt to create a new republic in France under Robespierre, the National Convention

De-Christianized the nation, outlawing all holidays, relics, and saints devoted to the Old Regime.

The map indicates that Napoleon's greatness as a leader rested in part on

Napoleon's strategic and tactical military genius.

Napoleonic Code

equality before the law, freedom of religion, ended all aristocratic privileges, protected property rights, code gave more authority of husbands and women were more dependent on them, women no longer allowed to divorce. wherever it was implemented, it swept away feudal property relations.

congress of vienna

(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.

louis XVIII

(1814-1824) Restored Bourbon throne after the Revoltion. He accepted Napoleon's Civil Code (principle of equality before the law), honored the property rights of those who had purchased confiscated land and establish a bicameral (two-house) legislature consisting of the Chamber of Peers (chosen by king) and the Chamber of Deputies (chosen by an electorate).

consulate structure

5man executive committee or oligarchy (to avoid a dictatorship) tried to avoid the dangers of a one-house legislature. council of 500, council of elders, these were elected by electors who owned or rented property worth 200 days labor.

All of the following were positive aspects of the Radical Phase of the French Revolution EXCEPT...

A functional constitutional republic was established

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

Jacobin Club

A political club in revolutionary France whose members were well-educated radical republicans. They held their meetings at a library of a former monastery in Paris. They started as a debating society, mostly middle class, created a vast network of clubs throughout France. (will eventually be dominated by the montagnards)

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

Adopted August 26, 1789, created by the National Assembly to give rights to all (except women). Granted liberty, property, and resistance to oppression.

National Assembly

As the third estate awakens with their 60,000 grievances, they name themselves the . (becomes the legislative assembly)

Qhich of the following statements BEST describes Napoleon's impact on education?

Education was used to strengthen the state and embrace meritocracy.

committee of public safety

Established and led by Robespierre, fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the Reign of Terror. established to defend France from internal and domestic threats.

Napoleon's "Continental System" was based chiefly on

French domination of most of the European continent in order to weaken Great Britain.

Jean-Paul Marat

French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793) He was a Parisian newspaper owner, supportive of Robespierre and published inflammatory stories against Robespierre's critics. he has a newspaper used to reach the masses and influence ideology instead of reporting facts.

Georges Danton

French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794) He was Robespierre's right hand, leader of the Paris Commune, great public speaker that could move masses of people into emotional reactions. Robespierre used this guy's abilities to gain public support in Paris.

According to Robespierre, virtuous acts of French citizens would include all of the following except:

Going to Catholic Mass

Sans-culottes

In the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners, and small shopkeepers tradesmen, artisans who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages. they shared many of the ideals of their middle class reps in government, and were angered by the exclusion of the right to vote in the 1791 Constitution.

Louis XVI (16th)

King of France during the French Revolution, is executed by the guillotine, believed ancient distinction between three classes was necessary.

In general, most of Napoleon's domestic policies for France could be seen as an embrace of

Liberalism

Estates General

Louis 16th called it because he knew he couldn't raise taxes without making it look like the approved it. The third estate brought 60,000 grievances to it. (becomes national assembly)

napoleon bonaparte

Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.

Marie Antoinette

Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) advocated womens rights, "let them eat cake"

As religious authority weakened in France, a secondary reason napoleon reformed education was to do which of the following?

Strengthen state regulation of morality

De-Christianization and cult of reason

The Catholic Church was linked with counter-revolution. Religion was associated with the Ancien Regime, superstitious, very popular among the sansculottes, very unpopular with the moderates and rural populations, to the radicals, "religion had no place in a rational, secular republic!" The adoption of a new Republic Calendar would abolish sundays and religious holidays, divorced the state from the church. restrictions were placed on priests, Cathedral of Notre dame in paris was turned into the temple of reason, the deportation of priests denounced by six citizens.

French Constitution of 1791

The National Assembly was the legislative branch, monarch executive, and judicial would be seated. The legislature was made much stronger than the other two branches of government. The King's only power was a suspensive veto. Only citizens who could pay taxes of a certain amount were allowed to vote. This put the government in control of the bourgeoisie.

Which of the following is a true statement about the Thermidorian Reaction?

The Reign of Terror ended and Robespierre was executed

Based on the cartoon, which of the following would have supported the cahiers sent to King Louis XVI asking for a fair voting and taxation system at the Estates-General meeting?

The Third Estate

The man being ridden in the above cartoon symbolizes:

The common man of the Third Estate

The creator of the above cartoon would most likely agree with all of the following except

The continuation of the French Absolutist regime.

August 4th Decrees

The feudal regime in France was abolished. All Frenchmen (royals, nobles, commoners, serfs), were in principle subject to the same laws and taxes and eligible for the same offices. Equality and meritocracy, a renunciation of aristocratic privileges and an embrace of equality. overall, it provided equality under the law, but did not address the issues of land distribution and hunger.

klemens von metternich

This was Austria's foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression

A primary reason for Napoleon to reform education in France was to do which of the following?

To find talent to run the bureaucracy in the future.

Abbe Sieyes

Wrote an essay called "What is the 3rd estate" Argued that lower classes were more important than the nobles and the government should be responsible to the people. (argued for equality of lower class)

Maximilien Robespierre

Young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution; his execution ended the Reign of Terror. most important leader in the radical phase, Leader of Jacobins, will head the committee of public safety, will become a dictator that wants to purify France of anything associated with the Ancien Regime.

Legion of Honor

created to reward achievements of the nation. everyday common citizens would be awarded/ be made members of certain fields for their achievements.

Although the storming of the Bastille on July 14 is celebrated as the Start of the Revolution, the first act of the revolution was the

creation of the national assembly and swearing of the Tennis Court Oath

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

divided the catholic population, clergy was no longer trusted, it transformed France's Roman Catholic Church into a branch of the state, the government paid the salaries of the clergy and maintained the churches.

The map suggests that Napoleon's military successes contributed to what other Napoleonic accomplishment?

establishing the Napoleonic Code and abolishing noble privileges and the feudal hierarchy throughout Europe.

National Convention

first act was the formal abolition of the monarchy, France is officially a republic, no king in power, like england under cromwell, jacobins dominate this, and it is far more radical.

napoleons problems ruling spain

france wanted spains support to invade protugal, they refused so war was declared on them

A major factor in Napoleon's loss of empire was his

loss of control in Spain along with defeat in Russia.

Reign of Terror outcome

loss of lives, destruction of property, economic decline, rise of napoleon in power, exile of nobles and clergy, rise of directory gov, end of political parties.

positive outcomes of the radical phase

metric system of weights and measures, abolition of slavery throughout France, women given rights to divorce and inherit property, enlightenment principles of rationality.

concordat 1801

napoleon wanted to heal the divisions within the catholic church that had developed after the confiscation of church property and the civil constitution of the clergy. but, napoleons clear intent was to use the clergy to prop up/support his regime. catholicism was declared most used religion, pope had to accept loss of church lands, but regained control over all ranks of clergy.

mountain (montagnards)

power base in paris, main support from the sansculottes, angry about the constitution of 1791, considered to radical left.

The Girondins

power base in the provinces, feared the influence of the sansculottes, considered moderate left. (killed in the Reign of Terror)

Reign of Terror causes

rural revolts, robespierr'es desire to create a republic of virtue, approcahing/ invading coalition Army (BAP), rising tensions in Paris, influence of sansculottes on NC, Assassination of Marat.

napoleons defeat in russia

russia refused to comply with continental system and continued trading wheat with britain. russia destroys napoleons troops he is left with 40,000 from 1000,000 starting.

Cahiers de Doleances

statements of local grievances drafted throughout France during the elections to the Estates-General, advocating a regular constitutional government abolishing fiscal privileges of the church and nobility

bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Lycees

trained the nations future bureaucrats.

Continental System

wanted to conquer england, so he would isolate britain and promote his mastery by barring trade with england (starve out england), he will sezie ships taht first go into england and then enter the continental ports, and england would sezie ships taht first go to continental europe and then to english ports. would lead to war with us and britain later down the road.