AP G&P - The relationship between the states and the federal government

A senator wants to incentivize higher education for students from low-income families and wants to provide clear guidelines on how states must implement those incentives. Which type of grant should she propose?

A categorical grant

In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, stipulating that states must have a minimum drinking age of 21 in order to receive federal highway funding. This is an example of which of the following aspects of federal incentives?

Mandates

In 1974, Congress created a program that grants money to state and local governments to help revitalize low-income communities. State and local governments can decide how best to use their money and used it to rebuild streets, fund libraries, and fix drinking water systems.

Block grants

In the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the federal government authorized the Justice Assistance Grant in order to provide states and local governments with the funding necessary to support a range of law enforcement and crime prevention programs. Which response illustrates the best rationale for the type of grant fitting this scenario?

Block grants provide states with a great deal of flexibility in using federal funds to address specific local needs

In 1972, the federal government established the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). Recipients of aid must be women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or children under the age of 5 whose family income falls below 185% of the federal poverty line. This is an example of which of the following types of federal aid?

Categorical grants

Which of the following describes an exclusive power of the federal government?

Coining money

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the exclusive and concurrent powers of the federal government? Exclusive powers of the federal government / Concurrent powers shared with the states Establish local governments / Regulate interstate commerce Conduct elections / Make laws Regulate the postal system / Establish courts Levy taxes / Declare war

Comparison C

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the exclusive and concurrent powers of the federal government? Exclusive powers of the federal government / Concurrent powers shared with the states Make laws / Conduct elections Regulate commerce / Establish local governments Charter banks and corporations / Regulate the postal system Declare war / Levy taxes

Comparison D

During the 1980s, members of the Republican Party advocated for devolution (transferring responsibilities for programs from the federal government to state and local governments). Which of the following describes a difficulty Congress might face in implementing devolution?

Due to the concurrent powers of state and national government, many programs are administered by both state and federal agencies

Which of the following most likely accounts for the differences in state spending on education shown in the map?

Education spending is determined by state governments, not the federal government

Which of the following describes a way that the federal government could influence state spending on education?

Issuing a mandate tying federal block grants to the amount of state spending per pupil

The National Recovery Act of 1933, enacted by Franklin Roosevelt's administration to combat the Great Depression, vastly expanded the power of the federal government to regulate wages and labor standards. This scenario is an example of which of the following aspects of federalism?

The changing balance of power between the states and federal government in response to societal needs