AP Gov Ch. 10

During what decade did the American news audience change from a growing to a shrinking one?

the 1980s

Freedom of the press is substantial in the United States because

(All these answers are correct) -the libel laws favor the press over a public figure. -of the country's tradition of free expression. -of the judiciary's position that prior restraint of the press by government is rarely permissible. -it is a First Amendment liberty.

The average length of time that presidential candidates are shown speaking without interruption on television broadcasts

has declined sharply since the 1960s.

On both radio and television, most successful partisan talk shows

have been hosted by conservatives.

In terms of news consumption, since the 1980s young adults

have been less informed than older ones.

The Communications Act

imposed on broadcasters an "equal time" restriction that prevented preference for some political candidates over others.

The Watergate scandal illustrates the

power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuse of power.

The commitment of the contemporary traditional media to two-sided news reporting

does not extend to their editorializing.

The Gazette of the United States was founded to promote the policies of President

George Washington.

Broadcasting revolutionized the American media because it

All these answers are correct -was the first truly national mass medium. -opened a direct, instantaneous channel between a leader and the people. -reached millions of people simultaneously.

Which journalists are most likely to agree that they should be as nonpartisan as possible in their reporting?

American

Which of the following statements has been shown by scholarly research to be true?

Journalists tend to be negative.

American news reporting is

None of these answers is correct.

Which of the following statements is true?

Objective journalism is based on communication of facts and fairness.

Yellow journalism contributed to public support for the

Spanish-American War.

Which newspaper was the first to reduce the price of a daily copy to a penny?

The New York Sun

_____ once said, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war."

William Randolph Hearst

Historically, the American press has shifted from

a political to a journalistic orientation.

One of the reasons that the reporting of national news is relatively uniform among news sources is because

a small number of news organizations and news services generate most of the news.

In contrast to European news media, American news media are more likely to

act primarily as neutral transmitters of information.

The news media are usually guided by events that

are timely.

The news provides a selective depiction of reality because it

emphasizes dramatic events and excludes slow, steady processes.

The media have professional norms and standards that create

competitive pressures to report the same stories.

When compared with their counterparts in Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Italy, U.S. journalists were more likely to

endorse the principle of partisan neutrality.

The Internet has

failed to strengthen the news-reading habits of Americans.

The media perform the signaling role by

informing the public of important news developments as quickly as possible.

The traditional media have "softened" their news by

infusing it with more stories about celebrities, crime, and the like.

CNN and MSNBC have responded to Fox's ratings success by

installing talk-show hosts with partisan or hard-edged appeals.

In comparison with today's newspapers, early American newspapers were

supported by the political parties.

The reason the news product is designed to fascinate as well as to inform is because

news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive.

The FCC's equal time requirement

prohibits broadcasters from selling or giving time to political candidates and denying it to their opponents.

The special contribution of Internet-based news is that it

provides an outlet for opinion.

In the 1960s, presidential candidates

received more favorable coverage than they do today.

Objective reporting is based on the idea that the reporter's job is to

report the facts and cover alternative sides of a partisan debate.

Agenda setting is an action that falls under which of the major roles played by the press?

signaler

On-the-scene coverage of a natural disaster is an example of the press's role of

signaler

Which of the following characteristics does the internet have that traditional media lacks?

the ability to interact with its followers

What story describing actions by the Bush Administration, reported by The New York Times in 2005, was then criticized by the Bush Administration as damaging to national security?

the authorization of domestic wiretapping without judicial approval

The yellow journalism of 1900 was characterized by

the emphasis on sensationalism as a way of selling newspapers.

The technological change that brought about the decline of the partisan press was

the invention of the high speed rotary press.

Which of the following has the lowest public confidence rating of any major American institution?

the news media

Which institution receives the most news coverage from the national press?

the presidency

The news media's common-carrier role is based on the idea that

the press should provide a channel through which political leaders can communicate their views to the public.

The term "framing" is used to describe

the process of selecting certain aspects of reality and making them the most salient part of the communication, thereby conveying a particular interpretation of a situation.

The federal government's licensing of broadcasting is based primarily on

the scarcity of broadcasting frequencies.