AP GOV ch. 4-5 FRQ review

Facing discrimination at the voting booth, many African American citizens turned to alternative forms of political participation. Describe two alternative forms of participation that helped bring about changes in civil rights policies.

boycotting businesses, litigation, explain/describe

describe the difference between civil rights and civil liberties

civil rights- what the gov must do to ensure you have equal protection of the law civil liberties- prohibitions against gov limiting your rights

identify which provision of the 14th amendment was applied in one of the following Supreme Court cases. explain the significance of the decision in United States politics. (miranda v Arizona)

due process clause, started Miranda rights, all these rulings were in favor of the criminals and had many people starting to oppose the government/courts

identify which provision of the 14th amendment was applied in one of the following Supreme Court cases. explain the significance of the decision in the United States politics (brown v board of edu)

equal protection clause was applied, SCOTUS ruled segregated schools violated the protection clause and must be desegregated. was a major victory in the civil rights movement

Explain how each of the following two provisions in the Bill of Rights limits the powers of the national government. • Establishment clause • Guarantee of a public trial

est. clause- forbids national government from funding church based things guarantee of public trial- citizens can see if the court is upholding amendments or if they're denying them, can hold government accountable

identify the first amendment clause upon which SCOTUS based its decision (Engel v Vitale, Lemon v Kurtzman)

establishment clause

identify one feature of one of the following and explain how that feature has presented obstacles to racial minority groups in their efforts to achieve political goals - federalism

federalism- separate state and national gov powers, allowed states to choose if they wanted segregated public places or not

identify one feature of one of the following and explain how that feature might present opportunitites to racial minority groups in their efforts to achieve political goals - federalism

federalism- states could make up their own policies and not every state discriminated against minorities

explain how two measures taken by some states prior to the 1960s affected voter turnout among African American citizens

literacy tests and poll taxes decreased voter turnout, explain them

Choose two of the following twentieth-century developments and explain how each moved the United States from a less democratic system to a more democratic system. • Primary elections • The Seventeenth Amendment • Expansion of suffrage

primary elections- party leaders used to choose their party nominees, primary elections have increased the amount of people involved expansion of suffrage- before 19th amendment, women couldn't vote, after 19th amendment women could vote and now more people are involved

Choose one of the following and explain how it limits the power of state governments. • Citizenship clause of the Fourteenth Amendment • Selective incorporation

selective incorporation- has been used by courts to protect citizens from infringement of their liberties by state governments

define selective incorporation

the process by which SCOTUS has gradually applied the freedoms of the Bill of Rights against the States by using the 14th amendments due process clause

explain how each of the following assisted in the removal of barriers to minority voting -voting rights act of 1965 -24th amendment

voting rights act- outlawed literacy tests during voting which allowed more minorities to vote because the literacy tests limited that 24th amendment- outlawed poll taxes which had been used to keep poor blacks in the south from voting because they couldn't afford it