AP Gov Exam Review

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the US Supreme court rules that state-imposed racial segregation is constitutional, based on the

"Separate but equal" doctrine

In 2013, Edward Snowden released classified information showing that the National Security Agency was conducting a massive surveillance program by collecting data from major cell phone providers. Which of the following amendments provides the basis for an accusation of unconstitutional action by the NSA

4th amendment

In Gideon v. Wainwright the US Supreme court rules that the

6th amendment right to counsel provisions applies to those accused of major crimes under the state laws

Liberal ideology is best defined as what?

A belief in increasing the role of government to regulate the economy and create government programs to help the most needy

Which of the following measures would a president adhering to Keynesian economic principles most likely employ during an economic recession?

A budget with significant additions of public work projects to provide employment for Americans without jobs

The president is most likely to use an executive order to make important policy when

A compromise cannot be reached by congress

In the Post-Civil War United States, the "grandfather clause" was

A law exempting men whose grandfathers were eligible to vote before 1867 from voting restrictions

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the trustee model of representation?

A member of Congress votes to close a popular tax loophole based on the belief that the money would be better spent paying down the national debt

In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court most likely apply the doctrine of selective incorporation?

A plaintiff challenges a state law that imposes penalties for certain categories of speech.

Affirmative action is best defined as which of the following?

A policy creating racial quotas for admitting classes at major colleges and universities of disadvantaged groups

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A public school system uses race-based segregation

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a member of the congress supporting pork-barrel legislation?

A senator from an agricultural state amending legislation to establish a potato research institute

In Federalist 70, Hamilton states; "energy in the executive is a leading character in the definition of good government" Hamilton is arguing in favor of the need for:

A single executive leader who acts quickly

Which of the following statements best summarizes Madison's arguments (Federalist No. 10):

A small republic will help prevent factions.

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the fourth amendment?

A suspects cell phone is analyzed by police before a warrant is issued

A conservative is likely to support all of the following except..

Affirmative action

Which government policies would the author most likely support

Allowing individuals to purchase weed for recreational use.

which of the following is the correct pairing of powers found in the Articles of Confederation and powers found in the Constitution?

Articles of Confederation- Unicameral legislature United States Constitution- Bicameral legislature

Which of the following policies would the states most likely prefer according to the political cartoon?

Block grants

"We conclude that in the field of education the doctrine of "Seperate but equal' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" The Supreme Court issued this opinion in its ruling on the following case?

Brown v Board of Education

Supporters of the kings view that just laws treat the majority and minority the same could point to which of the following supreme court cases

Brown v Board of Education

Which of the following best explains how a president would use the bully pulpit to achieve policy goals?

By appealing directly to the public, the president hopes members of the public will influence their representatives to support those policy goals

which of the following sets of Supreme Court cases best illustrates how views of federalism have shifted in the United States?

Case 1- McCulloch v. Maryland Case 2- United States v. Lopez

Which has been used most to expand the power of national government

Commerce clause

The committee that resolves differences between the House and Senate versions of a bill is called

Conference committee

Which of the following groups would most likely support a piece of legislation that lowers the corporate tax rate?

Conservatives

A cloture motion passed in the Senate does which of the following

Cuts off debate on a bill

The wall of Separation doctrine refers to the

Division of church and state

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of constitutional provisions?

Enhance Federal Power: Commerce Clause; Enhance State Power: Tenth Amendment

In 1961, the Supreme Court heard a case in which the police entered a residence without a warrant looking for a suspect thought to be hiding in the house. While searching for the suspect, the police found illegal pornographic material. The police arrested the homeowner and she was convicted of possesing pornography. The court decided to throw out the conviction because the police did not have a search warrant. This case is an example of which of the following?

Exclusionary right

Which of the following constitutional principles best explains why there is a variation among states on the use of capital punishment?

Federalism

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Federalist and Anti-Federalist views on governments?

Federalist - Believed a large republic ensured the best protection of individual freedom. Anti-Federalist - Believed only a small republic could best ensure the protection of individual freedoms

Legislation forbidding flag burning was deemed unconstitutional because it violated the

First Amendment's protection of expression

Which of the following constitutional clauses does this case have in common with Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Free exercise

The cartoon above depicts the assertion of which principle of American civil liberties?

Freedom of Speech

Which of the following is an action the committee can take to address the problem?

Holding a hearing and subpoenaing high-level officials of the Department of Transportation

Which of the following scenarios illustrates Washington's concerns?

Ideological divisions within Congress can lead to partisan gridlock.

The process of extending protections of bill of rights by means of the 14th amendment to apply to the actions of state governments is known as:

Incorporation

In the last 30 years, the single most important variable in determining the outcome of an election for a member of the House of Representatives has been

Incumbency

The advantages of incumbency in congressional elections include which of the following?

Incumbents receive more campaign contributions than do challengers. Incumbents are able to provide important services for individual voters.

The supreme court established the incorporation doctrine when the court

Interpreted the 14th amend as extending most of the requirements of the bill of rights to the states as well as the fed govt

Which of the following describes the effect of the twenty-fourth amendment?

It eliminated poll taxes

Which of the following ideological perspectives is most consistent with the Democratcis party's platform?

Liberal

What ideological perspectives is most consistent with the passage

Libertarian

Appointments to the federal judiciary are often contentious for which of the following reasons?

Life terms for federal judges mean that presidential appointments will continue to have influence long after the president's term is over

Appointments to the federal judiciary are often contentious for which of the following reasons:

Life terms for federal judges mean that presidential appointments will continue to have influence long after the president's term is over.

The clear and present danger test devised by the Supreme court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could

Limit free speech

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to:

Make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states.

Which of the following democratic positions from the infographic would a libertarian most likely agree with?

Marriage equality

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases McCulloch v. Maryland and United States v. Lopez?

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Led to an increase in power for the national government; United States v. Lopez (1995): Established limits to Congress' power under the Commerce Clause

In its DC v Heller ruling, the court struck down a handgun ban in Washington DC. In which supreme court ruling was the second amendment right to bear arms first incorporated to the states?

Mcdonald v chicago

Committee chair in the House of representatives is always

Member of majority party in chamber

Which of the following statements best describes the information in the map?

Most states in the South and West allow capital punishment

Which constitutional provisions broadened power of congress

Necessary and proper clause

The majority party of the senate is concerned that the supreme court has made a number of ideologically dangerous and controversial rulings. Which of the following actions would the senate take in their attempt to limit the Supreme Court?

Pass legislation that would limit the impact of the Supreme Court's recent rulings.

The first amendment prevents federal gov from doing all of the following except

Passing bills of attainder or ex post facto law

The power of the rules committee in the House of Representatives rest on its authority to

Place bill on legislative calendar, limit time for debate and determine the type of amendments allowed

The supreme court issued a ruling that was unpopular with a majority of Americans, The president and congress might be able to lessen the impact of the decision by:

Refusing to actively enforce the decision.

10th amendment to the constitution has been interpreted by the supreme court to

Reserve powers to the states

Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade are supreme court cases in that both cases are based on the

Right of privacy

All of the following US supreme court decisions strengthened power of federal government except

Roe v wade

In the United States judicial system, when a judge decides a case based on decisions rendered in similar cases in the past, the judge is following the principle of?

Stare decisis

Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?

State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent

Boundary lines of congressional districts are drawn by

State legislation

"Dual federalism" is explained by which statement

States may exercise those powers delegated to them by congress

Which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered judicial restraint?

The Supreme Court refuses to hear a case because they think it should be solved by the legislative branch

In what respect is the constitution address Washington's concern regarding the spirit of encroachment expressed in the excerpt?

The constitution distributes power across national institutions

Bill of rights to the US constitution was intended to limit the power of

The federal government

Which two principles are addressed in the excerpt above?

The incorporation doctrine and the exclusionary rule

Which of the following enumerated powers would permit Congress to stimulate the economy by hiring unemployed citizens?

The power to pass a federal budget

Why would a president might use a signing statement to express displeasure with a bill instead of a veto?

The president may have objections to provisions of a bill but does not want to risk Congress overriding a veto.

Which of the following is an example of how separation of powers creates friction between the executive and legislative branches in the policy-making process?

The president threatens to issue an executive order for stricter gun control if Congress continues to refuse to take action.

Which of the following is contained in the Fourteenth Amendment and was likely an inspiration for Martin Luther KIng, Jr's "Letter from a birmingham Jail"?

The principles that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause

Which of the following claims would a media organization make about the ideological leaning of the republican party?

The replican party leans towards a conservatie ideology because they favor less government involvement in trying to impact social and economic equality

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?

The right to burn a flag and obscenity

The supreme courts decision about abortion in roe v wade was based on

The right to privacy implied in the Bill of RIghts

The exclusionary rule refers to which of the following

The rule that prohibits the use of illegally seized evidence in criminal prosecutions

The application of the death penalty has been limited in recent decades and connot be applied to minors and people who are found to be mentally incompetent. Which of the following is a reason for this?

The supreme court changed its interpretation of what constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under the 8th amendment

Which of the following best defines the term "judicial activism"?

The tendency of judges to interpret the Constitution according to their own views.

During the Civil War, Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus and detained thousands of issues who protested the war. Which of the following best illustrates this?

There is a tension between civil liberties and public order

In the 1780s, proponents of the new constitution cited Shays rebellion as an example in support of which of the following criticisms of the national government under the articles of confederation?

There was a lack of a national military power to address security concerns

Concurrent powers have which of the following effects on the United States political system?

They make it possible for the states and the national government to simultaneously exercise influence in the same areas of public policy

Miranda warning represents an attempt to protect criminal suspects against

Unfair police interrogation

The use of racial quotas was made illegal in the US as a direct result of the

University of Calidornia v Bakke

The free exercise clause protects

Voluntary prayer by student groups before school

The passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a significant political event because it

Was instrumental in increasing the number of African American and other minority voters

Which of the following newspaper headlines best summarizes the excerpt from Washington's Farewell Address?

Washington warns of the dangerous party

Which of the following actions by public school students would most likely be protected symbolic speech based on the precedent established by Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)?

Wearing t shirts objecting to a school board decision

When did black women receive the right to vote in federal elections

With the ratification of the 19th amend

The fact that a driver's license from one state is valid in other states is an example of?

full faith and credit

The Supreme Court issued a ruling that was unpopular with a majority of Americans. The president and Congress might be able to lessen the impact of the decision by...

refusing to actively enforce the decision