ap gov test 9/23

D divided between the central government and regional governments

In a federal system of government, political power is primarily A vested in local governments B vested in the regional governments C vested in the central government D divided between the central government and regional governments E divided between regional governments and local governments

B The necessary and proper clause and the supremacy clause

In the McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) decision, which two provisions in the Constitution were upheld and strengthened? A Congress's power to regulate commerce and its power to levy taxes B The necessary and proper clause and the supremacy clause C The First and Tenth amendments D The president's power to nominate justices and negotiate treaties

C the division of powers between the levels of government

In the United States political system, the term Federalism refers to A limits on the powers of the state governments B limits on the powers of the national government C the division of powers between the levels of government D the fundamental basis of law E legal authority of the courts to hear cases

D Advice and consent

Justice Robert's appearance before this committee illustrates the constitutional concept of A Elastic powers B Veto and two-thirds override C Reserved powers D Advice and consent

B Mandate states to set the driving age at 18 and then withhold highway funds from any state that does not comply

More than half the members of Congress believe the legal driving age should be 18, because statistics show that drivers under 18 have many more accidents than those 18 or older. Which of the following is the most practical and lasting action Congress can take to address this issue? A Urge the president to issue an executive order requiring drivers to be at least 18 years old B Mandate states to set the driving age at 18 and then withhold highway funds from any state that does not comply C Convince the Supreme Court that Congress, not the states, should regulate driving laws D Distribute educational materials on the issue to state legislatures

E a federal mandate

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of A state supremacy B horizontal federalism C affirmative action D dual federalism E a federal mandate

E shifting the responsibilities and costs for many programs to state governments

The most significant trend in federal-state relations during the 1980s was A giving the federal government control over social welfare programs B bringing about greater equality in the provision of social services in different states C limiting state governments' ability to assess income taxes D expanding the authority of county and municipal governments at the expense of state governments E shifting the responsibilities and costs for many programs to state governments

E federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding

The terms "fiscal federalism" and "cooperative federalism" refer to situations in which A the federal government completely dominates state and local governments B states are forbidden any activity that has not been specifically approved by the Supreme Court C the federal judiciary uses its power of judicial review to ensure congressional dominance over state legislatures D state, municipal, and local income taxes are pooled by special agreement and redistributed in accordance with individual need E federal, state, and local governments work together to complete a project, with the federal government providing much of the project funding

C Federal judges must be impartial when contemplating shaping the law

What is this Supreme Court chief justice nominee's main point in his opening remarks? A More legislative power should be in the hands of the judicial branch B Judicial review must be limited to keep from expanding the power of the judiciary C Federal judges must be impartial when contemplating shaping the law D Federal courts have leverage over the other branches of government

B Federalism encourages states and localities to provide primary support for these services

Which governmental concept most likely results in lower funding for Education and Housing and Urban Development than for the other departments? A Checks and balances prevent funding of these concerns B Federalism encourages states and localities to provide primary support for these services C Judicial review and court decisions have rendered government unable to provide these services D Separation of powers results in lower funding of these concerns

B Calling on experts to advise the federal government in finding ways to improve public education

Which of the following actions did President Johnson suggest he would take to address problems in public schools? A Driving down the cost of education by removing ineffective teachers B Calling on experts to advise the federal government in finding ways to improve public education C Increasing school accountability by requiring schools to show evidence of improvement D Scaling back the role of the federal government and allowing state and local governments to take the lead in education policy

B Federalism creates differences between states on the implementation of health-care policy.

Which of the following characteristics best explains the data on the map? A The exclusive powers granted to the states in the Constitution allow them to determine health-care policy. B Federalism creates differences between states on the implementation of health-care policy. C The Tenth Amendment instructs Congress to make laws but guarantees the rights of states to implement federal policies, such as health-care policy. D The incorporation of the Fourteenth Amendment has allowed the federal government to guarantee health care to all citizens, but some citizens may opt out.

B Devolution

Which of the following concepts would the cartoonist most likely support? A Commercial development B Devolution C Categorical grants D Mandates

E Federalism

Which of the following constitutional principles most directly addresses the relationship between the national and state governments? A Checks and balances B The Bill of Rights C Separation of powers D Representation E Federalism

D Tenth Amendment

Which of the following constitutional provisions most reflects federalism? A Equality clause B Supremacy clause C Article III D Tenth Amendment

B The number of federal aid-to-state programs has increased in most of the years shown

Which of the following describes the information in the chart? A The programs that provided federal aid-to-state did not exist before 1905 B The number of federal aid-to-state programs has increased in most of the years shown C The trend in the number of federal programs is a result of globalization D The trend in the graph is a result of cutbacks in federal spending

D Block grants

Which of the following forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money? A Categorical grants-in-aid B Foreign aid C Unfunded mandates D Block grants E Military funding

D

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Federalists and Anti-Federalists? A B C D

B

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of federal block grants and categorical grants? A B C D

A The increase in policy areas the national government influences

Which of the following is most likely a contributor to the trend in the chart? A The increase in policy areas the national government influences B The increase in conservative beliefs, such as devolution in the 1970s C The increase in grants were a result of the decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) D The increase in block grants resulting in fewer categorical grants

C State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent.

Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon? A State governments have used the Tenth Amendment to override the federal government's mandates. B State governments are unwilling to share their budgetary surpluses with other states. C State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent. D The fiscal irresponsibility of state governments has led to increased federal regulation on their budgetary priorities.

C States can resist the federal government's encroachments more readily than the federal government can oppose state policies, leading to a federal system based on a foundation of states.

Which of the following is the most reasonable implication of James Madison's argument in The Federalist 46 ? A Under the United States Constitution, the federal government has supremacy over the states and thus the states are dependent on the federal government. B There are too few checks and balances in the United States Constitution; thus an amendment ought to be added guaranteeing states' rights. C States can resist the federal government's encroachments more readily than the federal government can oppose state policies, leading to a federal system based on a foundation of states. D Because states have a tendency toward factionalism, a powerful national government is necessary to ensure that individual rights are protected.

D It is a sharing of powers between national and state governments.

Which of the following statements accurately describes federalism? A It is a governing system that places a national authority above regional authority. B It ranks the sovereignty of the states over the power of the national government. C It is a balance of powers between state and local governments. D It is a sharing of powers between national and state governments.

B Taxpayers are obligated to support multiple levels of government

Which of the following statements best describes the message expressed in the cartoon? A Government overlap creates too many taxes and fees at multiple levels B Taxpayers are obligated to support multiple levels of government C Regulations for transportation and safety should be at the state level D Taxes and fees will be collected at convenient times

D The geographical size of the state does not determine the number of seats allotted to it.

Which of the following statements best explains the information in the map? A States with the higher number of seats were controlled by Federalists. B Some states were so sparsely populated that they received no votes. C The population of enslaved people had little impact on these numbers. D The geographical size of the state does not determine the number of seats allotted to it.

E I, III, and IV only

Which of the following statements can be supported from information in the table above? I. Federal grants to state and local governments have increased substantially in total dollar amount since 1950. II. In 1994 the federal government devoted a larger percentage of outlays to grants than in 1980. III. Between 1980 and 1990, grants decreased as a percentage of federal outlays. IV. In 1994 states were more dependent on federal grants for revenue than in 1990, 1970, or 1960. A IV only B I and III only C II and III only D II and IV only E I, III, and IV only

D Medical and social needs receive the most federal grant money

Which of the following statements is reflected in the table above? A Education and agricultural needs receive the most federal grant money B Federalism prevents the national government from assisting with state responsibilities C Grants appear to assist urban development, not agricultural interests D Medical and social needs receive the most federal grant money

D Federal democracy

Which of the following types of representative democracy is best reflected in the map? A Pluralist democracy B Elite democracy C Participatory democracy D Federal democracy