AP Gov Unit 4 Review
liberal
- democrat - anti-gun rights - urban - sizeable government - pro choice - free trade - social programs
conservatives
- republican - pro-gun - rural - smaller government - pro life - lightly regulated economic marketplace - military programs - limited federal funds
Which of the following public policies would Democrats be most likely to support?
Increasing taxes on the wealthiest Americans
Which of the following statements are supported by the data in the table?
Liberals are more likely than moderates to agree that global warming is a crisis.
Which of the following is correct?
Liberals are on the left, conservatives are on the right.
The idea of having a constitution, which includes a separation of powers and a system of checks and balances, promotes which of the following core American values?
Limited government
Which of the following statements are illustrated by the data in table?
Millennials are more likely to say they have become more liberal politically over time than Baby Boomers.
Which of the following are supported by the data in the table?
More people become more socially conservative over time than more socially liberal.
Which of the following explanations is least supported by information on the chart?
Most Democrats and Republicans surveyed believe that an increase in social security taxes is needed to address social security deficits.
Which is the most common form of polling used today?
Phone polling
Based on the twin studies data shown in the bar graph, which of the following political traits are most influenced by genetics?
Political Knowledge
Political values being passed from one generation to the next can be BEST described as
Political Socialization
A large national survey of young Americans recently released by CIRCLE shows young Obama and Romney voters had strikingly similar levels of political knowledge. The survey also shows a clear relationship between respondents' high school civics education experiences and their knowledge of campaign issues and political participation in the 2012 presidential election. However, taking high school civics had little or no relationship with young adults' choice between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney. "Young people who recalled experiencing more high-quality civic education practices in schools were more likely to vote, to form political opinions, to know campaign issues, and to know general facts about the US political system," said Peter Levine, director of CIRCLE. "Civics education was not related to partisanship or choice of candidate. These results should allay political concerns about civic education being taught in schools." Which of the following concepts is most closely related to the passage?
Political socialization
Which of the following public policies would Republicans be most likely to support?
Reducing government funding to organizations that provide reproductive services
The data in the chart is too limited to support which if the following generalizations?
Republicans believe climate change is a priority for state governments rather than the federal government.
Robert Putnam suggests that this is in decline.
Social Capital
The standing or class of an individual or group. Often measured as a combination of education, income and occupation.
Socioeconomic Status
A large national survey of young Americans recently released by CIRCLE shows young Obama and Romney voters had strikingly similar levels of political knowledge. The survey also shows a clear relationship between respondents' high school civics education experiences and their knowledge of campaign issues and political participation in the 2012 presidential election. However, taking high school civics had little or no relationship with young adults' choice between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney. "Young people who recalled experiencing more high-quality civic education practices in schools were more likely to vote, to form political opinions, to know campaign issues, and to know general facts about the US political system," said Peter Levine, director of CIRCLE. "Civics education was not related to partisanship or choice of candidate. These results should allay political concerns about civic education being taught in schools." The students mentioned in the passage did not have a strong preference in candidates or increased levels of partisanship, despite their exposure to civics education. Which of the following explains this type of political socialization?
Some life experiences that socialize individuals into politics affect specific behaviors but not partisanship or ideology.
A large national survey of young Americans recently released by CIRCLE shows young Obama and Romney voters had strikingly similar levels of political knowledge. The survey also shows a clear relationship between respondents' high school civics education experiences and their knowledge of campaign issues and political participation in the 2012 presidential election. However, taking high school civics had little or no relationship with young adults' choice between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney. "Young people who recalled experiencing more high-quality civic education practices in schools were more likely to vote, to form political opinions, to know campaign issues, and to know general facts about the US political system," said Peter Levine, director of CIRCLE. "Civics education was not related to partisanship or choice of candidate. These results should allay political concerns about civic education being taught in schools." Which of the following explains how the scenario described in the passage relates to political behavior?
Taking part in civic education affects whether or not an individual participates politically.
According to the bar graph, which of the following is true about the influence of the general environment on political traits?
The general environment accounts for about 20 percent of the influence on political party identification in twins.
A member of Congress is arrested and convicted of failing to pay the proper amount of income tax. Which of the following core American values is most relevant to this case?
The rule of law
The polling in the summer of 2016 shows a sharp increase in popular support for Clinton, followed by a sharp increase in popular support for Trump. Which of the following factors most likely accounts for these increases in popular support?
The timing of political events covered by the news which temporarily influenced preferences
In the 2016 election, Donald Trump won the election despite losing the popular vote by about two percent. The line graph illustrates which of the following about presidential election polling?
The trend appears to indicate that Clinton is more likely to win, but factors such as margin of error and the electoral system also need to be taken into account.
The data from the two polls, which ask the same question, illustrate which of the following?
Those making inferences from polling results should understand the methods used by pollsters.
Which of the following is NOT a reason we have political parties?
To earn money for the President
Conservative Ideology: Government budgets should remain small to keep taxes low.
True
Conservative Ideology: Rule of law and the reach of the law must be expanded in a time of crisis.
True
Gender gap: The difference in political views between men and women.
True
Liberal Ideology: Regulation is necessary to protect equality of opportunity.
True
Southerners are generally more conservative than people from other parts of the nation.
True
The more educated one is the more likely they are to engage in political behavior like voting.
True
party realignment
displacement of the majority party by the minority party
The Founders saw political parties as
factions motivated bye ambition and self-interest
The most important avenue of political socialization is one's _____.
family
limited government
government structure in which government actions are limited by law
One reason why political elites are important is that they
have a disproportionate influence on public policy
3rd parties
minor party
An American political party other than the Democrats or Republicans
minor party
_____ is the process through which a potential candidate is actually chosen to represent a particular party in an election.
nomination
divided government
one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress
Some 60% of adults adopt the party preference of their
parents
Conduct business along party lines
partisan
A set of simplified statements that explain a party's belief
platform
A group of people who seek to control government by winning elections
political party
rule of law
principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern
exit poll
public opinion surveys used by major media pollsters to predict electoral winners with speed and precision
Religious influences on public opinion are most evident with ___ issues and less evident on others.
social
socioeconomic status
status in society based on level of education, income, and occupational prestige
party dealignment
the gradual disengagement of people and politicians from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification
core constituents
the most important group or groups supporting an ideology, political party, officeholder, or candidate, and whose continuing support is crucial for survival and success
globalization
the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale
political socialization
the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions
pluralist theory
the theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups
elite theory
theory that upper class elites exercise great influence over public policy
True or False: Conservatives believe the government should be "small," especially in defense spending.
true
True or False: Liberals tend to favor equality, and believe that a "big" government can help with that.
true
True or False: The conventions serve largely as a formality to whom is chosen as a candidate.
true
True or False: Women typically lean more to the left (liberal).
true
Which of the following examples describes the core value of equality of opportunity?
A student gains admittance to a university solely based on academic performance.
All of the following about America are true EXCEPT
The geographic population center is shifting north
democrats
- core constituents: ethnic minorities, people with multiple college degrees, americans living in sizeable urban areas - economic beliefs: more supportive of social welfare policy, greater government intervention in economy - cultural politics: more supportive of abortion rights and gay marriage
republicans
- core constituents: lower-income whites, evangelical Christians, wealthier business people, people living in rural areas - economic beliefs: limited government intervention in economy and greater emphasis on self-reliance - cultural politics: opposes abortion rights and gay marriage
Using both maps, which of the following best explains how states without the death penalty voted in the 2016 presidential election?
States without the death penalty were more likely to cast their ballots for the Democrat, Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 election.
Which group precedes the other?
Boomers, Gen-X
"Finally, there are the legal and moral arguments. Health care is considered a human right in every other developed nation. By not providing Medicare to all Americans, the government is not providing equal protection under the law: those with Medicare have more protection against the devastating effects of illness and injury, get more help overcoming or living with disabilities, and are protected against financial ruin. People say that single-payer would cost too much. Not true. We could provide health care for all our citizens for no more than we are currently spending on our very dysfunctional, fragmented and unfair system. How is this possible? Currently almost half of every health care dollar is spent on something other than health care: profit for insurance companies; multi-million-dollar salaries of their CEOs; money spent on advertising, processing (and rejecting) claims; and creating mountains of paperwork and endless hassles for doctors and patients." Which of the following explains how the role of government in health-care policy would be influenced if the policy proposal in the passage were to be implemented?
Due to the nature of single-payer health-care systems, the federal government would be responsible for funding and administering a Medicare-for-all system.
The following are traditional political values held by most Americans EXCEPT
Equality of Outcome
These are used to predict the outcomes of elections on Election Day. They are the most specific of the polls.
Exit polls
Liberal Ideology: Privacy concerns may take a backseat to national security concerns.
False
Older Americans are generally more liberal than younger Americans.
False
Unification: Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group
False
According to the bar graph, which of the following statements is true about the influence of family on political traits?
Political party identification is about 70 percent influenced by family.
Which of the following parties would be most likely to support requiring voters to show photo identification when going to the voting booth?
The Republican Party
Which of the following is a possible limitation depicted by the data presented in the chart?
The chart does not account for the segments of the population that identify as Independents.
Which of the following best explains how the format affected the polls?
The closed-ended format limited respondents to fewer options, which forced respondents to focus on the most important issue of those options.
Which of the following elements of polling likely created the difference in the poll results?
The formats of the survey questions are different.
Using both maps, which of the following explains how states with the death penalty voted in the 2016 election?
The maps show that states with the death penalty were more likely to vote for the Republican, Donald Trump, in the 2016 election.
Using both maps, which of the following best explains why support for the death penalty is concentrated in the southern and middle parts of the United States?
The maps show that the southern and middle parts of the United States have conservative views on social issues.
"Finally, there are the legal and moral arguments. Health care is considered a human right in every other developed nation. By not providing Medicare to all Americans, the government is not providing equal protection under the law: those with Medicare have more protection against the devastating effects of illness and injury, get more help overcoming or living with disabilities, and are protected against financial ruin. People say that single-payer would cost too much. Not true. We could provide health care for all our citizens for no more than we are currently spending on our very dysfunctional, fragmented and unfair system. How is this possible? Currently almost half of every health care dollar is spent on something other than health care: profit for insurance companies; multi-million-dollar salaries of their CEOs; money spent on advertising, processing (and rejecting) claims; and creating mountains of paperwork and endless hassles for doctors and patients." Which of the following explains how the passage could influence policy trends in health care?
The passage could convince more members of Congress to support Medicare for all.
"Finally, there are the legal and moral arguments. Health care is considered a human right in every other developed nation. By not providing Medicare to all Americans, the government is not providing equal protection under the law: those with Medicare have more protection against the devastating effects of illness and injury, get more help overcoming or living with disabilities, and are protected against financial ruin. People say that single-payer would cost too much. Not true. We could provide health care for all our citizens for no more than we are currently spending on our very dysfunctional, fragmented and unfair system. How is this possible? Currently almost half of every health care dollar is spent on something other than health care: profit for insurance companies; multi-million-dollar salaries of their CEOs; money spent on advertising, processing (and rejecting) claims; and creating mountains of paperwork and endless hassles for doctors and patients." Which of the following most likely explains how the views of moderates would be affected by this passage?
The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and contact their representatives in Congress to indicate their opposition.
liberalism
a belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity
national convention
a meeting of party delegates held every four years
opinion poll
a method of measuring public opinion by asking questions of a random sample of people and using their answers to represent the views of the broader population
political ideology
a more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to pursue
conservatism
a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion
tracking poll
a poll taken for the candidate on a nearly daily basis as election day approaches
equality of opportunity
a widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential
free enterprise
an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control
political culture
an overall set of values widely shared within a society
Party machines
are characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity
A liberal would be more likely than a conservative to oppose
the death penalty
ethnocentrism
belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group
Two major parties find common ground to work together
bipartisan
You are more likely to see people run as an Independent candidate in _____.
congressional races
The goal of political parties is to _____.
control the government
incumbent
current office holder
The trend in late October and early November showing Clinton ahead but an increase in support for Trump most likely would be
described as momentum by the trailing Trump campaign to encourage supporters to vote
One-party system
dictatorship
The people eligible to vote
electorate