AP Government Chapter 5: Civil Rights

Heightened scrutiny test

1. All of the following methods were used in attempts to keep blacks from voting EXCEPT...

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 SCOTUS ruling creating the separate but equal doctrine

Brown v. Board of Education

1954 SCOTUS decision which ruled that segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

De jure segregation: Jim Crow Laws De facto segregation: Blacks and whites choosing to live in separate neighborhoods

2. Which of the following scenarios is an accurate comparison of de jure and de facto segregation?

A university's use of race as one factor of consideration for admittance to its law school

3. Which of the following is an example of legal affirmative action policy?

Sexual Orientation

4. Only in recent years has federal hate crime legislation been expanded to protect individual on the basis of:

Poll Tax

A fee for voting; levied to prevent poor African Americans in the South from voting.

Separate but Equal Doctrine

Established by SCOTUS in the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling

Affirmative Action

Intentional efforts to recruit, hire, train, and promote underutilized categories of workers (or students, if talking about higher education).

Jim Crow Laws

Laws requiring strict separation of racial groups.

De facto Segregation

Segregation maintained by practice.

De jure Segregation

Segregation mandated by the law.

Equal Protection Clause

The Fourteenth Amendment clause stating that no state shall "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

Civil Rights

The rights and privileges guaranteed to all citizens under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth amendments.