Ap history

Ancestral Pueblo people had a thriving agricultural society, as opposed to more nomadic societies. What's the big trade-off for prioritizing agriculture over hunting? Choose 1 answer:

Agriculture-based societies have a more reliable source of calories, but are more vulnerable to drought

By virtue of the said ransom, let ships go there and bring away as many male and female Negroes as possible, newly imported and between the ages of fifteen to eighteen or twenty years. . . .The burden of work of the Indians will be eased and unlimited amounts of gold will be mined. This is the best land in the world for Negroes, women and old men, and it is very rarely that one of these people die." -Source: Alonso de Zuazo, Spanish colonial judge, 1518 Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor instead of Native American labor in colonial Spain?

Enslaved Africans were immune to most diseases spread by the Spanish, while indigenous people were not.

As we wish the said Indians to be converted to our Holy Catholic Faith, and to be taught its doctrines . . . I command you to compel and oblige the said Indians to deal and associate with the Christians of the said island, to work in their buildings in collecting and mining gold and other metals, and to grow food and supplies for the Christian settlers and inhabitants of the said island . . . . and this they are to do as the free persons they are, and not as slaves; and you are to see to it that the said Indians are well treated . . . -Queen Isabella to Nicolas de Ovando, Governor of Hispaniola, 1503 Which of the following contributed most directly to the enactment of the law in the excerpt? Choose 1 answer:

European demands for laborers in the New World

Mississippian Culture

Mississippian peoples cultivated corn on Mississippi Valley floodplains and created pottery and immense earthworks

It is written in the Book of Proverbs: "He who is stupid will serve the wise man." And so it is with the barbarous and inhumane peoples who have no civil life and peaceful customs. It will always be just and in conformity with natural law that such people submit to the rule of more cultured and humane princes and nations. Thanks to their virtues and the practical wisdom of their laws, the latter can destroy barbarism and educate these people to a more humane and virtuous life. And if the latter reject such rule, it can be imposed upon them by force of arms." -Source: Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, On the Reasons for the Just War among the Indians, 1547 Which of the following groups would have been most likely to support Sepúlveda's views as expressed in this excerpt? Choose 1 answer:

Spanish encomenderos

Colón [Columbus] and his crew did not voyage alone. They were accompanied by a menagerie of insects, plants, mammals, and microorganisms . . . European expeditions brought cattle, sheep, and horses, along with crops like sugarcane (originally from New Guinea), wheat (from the Middle East), bananas (from Africa), and coffee (also from Africa) . . . " -From Charles C. Mann, historian, 1493: Uncovering the New World Columbus Created, 2011. Mann describes several commodities that were taken from Europe and Africa to the Americas. Which of the following were taken from the Americas to Europe? Choose 1 answer:

gold and sliver

Monk's Mound

its beileved to have been a temple for the chief

The creation of the middle ground involved a process of mutual invention by both the French and the Algonquians. This process passed through various stages, of which the earliest is at once the most noticed and the least interesting. It was in this initial stage that the French, for example, simply assimilated Indians into their own conceptual order. Indians became sauvages , and the French reduced Indian religion to devil worship and witchcraft. Algonquians, for their part, thought of the first Europeans as manitous [spirits]. On both sides, new people were crammed into existing categories in a mechanical way." -Source: Richard White, historian, The Middle Ground, 1991 Which of the following best supports the general argument in the excerpt about how Native Americans and Europeans related to each other in the early colonial period?

mutual misunderstandings about the terms of land ownership

Clovis Point

one type of point on a spear used by paleo people much like an arrow head

Wherefore . . . you have purposed with the favor of divine clemency to bring under your sway the said mainlands and islands with their residents and inhabitants and to bring them to the Catholic faith. Hence . . . [we] give, grant, and assign to you and your heirs and successors, kings of Castile and Leon . . . all islands and mainlands found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered towards the west and south, by drawing and establishing a line from the Arctic pole, namely the north, to the Antarctic pole, namely the south . . . " -Source: Pope Alexander VI's Demarcation Bull, May 4, 1493 According to the passage, what was the main reason that Pope Alexander VI sanctioned Spanish colonization in the Americas? Choose 1 answer:

spreading Catholicism to Native Americans

Their Highnesses can see that I will give them however much gold they need with what little aid they give me now: spices and cotton as much as they call for . . . and slaves as many as they order to be shipped. . . . Therefore, since our Redeemer has given this victory to our illustrious King and Queen and to their famously successful reigns, all Christians should rejoice, hold grand celebrations, and with solemn prayers give thanks to the Holy Trinity for the exaltation of turning so many peoples to our Holy Faith." -Source: Christopher Columbus, Letter to Luis de Santangel, Official Notary for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, 1493 Which of the following developments from the late 1400s emerged from ideas most similar to those expressed in the excerpt? Choose 1 answer:

the Reconquista, when Spanish Christians expelled Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula

As we wish the said Indians to be converted to our Holy Catholic Faith, and to be taught its doctrines . . . I command you to compel and oblige the said Indians to deal and associate with the Christians of the said island, to work in their buildings in collecting and mining gold and other metals, and to grow food and supplies for the Christian settlers and inhabitants of the said island . . . . and this they are to do as the free persons they are, and not as slaves; and you are to see to it that the said Indians are well treated . . . -Source: Queen Isabella to Nicolas de Ovando, Governor of Hispaniola, 1503 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the edict excerpted?

the encomienda system