AP HUG Unit 2 MCQ

Quotas

Laws that place maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year.

Doubling Time

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

Stage four of DTM

low stationary - low birth and death rates (low growth aka stationary) Zero population growth Aging population

family planning

Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)

DTM model is based on what?

The assumptions that economics drive population change. 4 stages.

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. Population divided by the amount of farmland.

Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union?

Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs

guest worker programs

Immigrants from poorer countries are allowed to migrate temporarily in order to obtain better jobs.

Contraception

Intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring

Neo-Malthusians

People who believed in Malthusian Theory and in the idea that population was not only outstripping food but other resources

Unauthorized immigrants

People who enter a country without proper documents that allow them to enter.

Antinatalist

Policies that discourage people from having children (China's One Child Policy). They have incentives and disincentives for having less children or not having less children. Ex. Tax breaks, better health care, better housing.

Malthus Critics

A point of view that states the amount of food is not fixed; we can grow more.

From 2010 through 2017 there was a large increase in the number of migrants from Africa to Europe. Which of the following explains a possible impact on the emigrant countries of origin during and after that time period?

As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boom in the countries of origin.

Which of the following identifies how population density is shown in the maps?

At different scales, showing administrative units

Which of the following processes best explains a decrease in mortality rates worldwide?

Better hygiene and sanitation practices

Arithmetic Density

total # of objects/people in a total land area. total # of people divided by the total land area.

Which of the following explains how data from the population pyramid for Spain would be useful for government policy makers?

Data on the size of the middle-aged population would be used to plan for retirement and social security benefits.

Malthusian theory would explain which of the following possible consequences of high birth rates in a less developed country?

Famine and starvation will occur as demand outpaces agricultural production.

census data

Geo spatial data collected through the quantification of a population. The most important piece of data in geography.

Demography

The scientific study of population characteristics.jhk/

In 1980 China implemented an antinatalist one-child policy. Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of the policy?

There are more men than women because of a cultural preference for male children.

A high level of mobility for international migration and employment is best explained by which of the following demographic groups?

Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education

How many people are on Earth?

About 7.7 billion

Which of the following types of population information is shown on the map?

Arithmetic density

Which of the following scenarios explains a demographic push factor for less developed countries?

A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries.

Which of the following describes forced migration?

British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries

Deaths in Country A often occur due to outbreaks of epidemic disease, while in Country B most people are dying from chronic disorders such as heart disease. Which of the following best describes where these countries fall in the demographic transition model and in which region they are likely located?

Country A : Stage 2, West Africa; Country B : Stage 4, western Europe

Which of the following statements accurately explains the population dynamics of a country on the table shown?

Germany has a negative rate of natural increase.

Asia is crowded

Half of the world´s population is in Asia on only 10% of the land. 1 out of every 3 people live in China or India.

Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have total fertility rates that exceed 5.0. Which of the following population characteristics is associated with this phenomenon?

High youth dependency ratio

Brain Drain

Large-scale emigration by talented people.

What are America´s four principles on immigration?

Reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills, protecting refugees, promoting adversity.

Neo-Malthusian theory can be used to explain which of the following situations?

South Sudan experienced famine during the twenty-first century as a result of war and drought.

carrying cappacity

The largest population that an area can support

A country develops new technologies for farming, which help stabilize and increase food supply. According to Malthusian theory, which of the following would best explain those results?

The new technologies would reduce positive checks on population.

Agricultural Density

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. # of farmers divided by the amount of farmland.

Circular Migration

The temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.

Which of the following statements best explains the trend about infant mortality shown in the bar chart?

The trend can be explained by improved health care and nutrition in all regions.

A large number of Turkish people migrated to Germany in the 1960s, when West Germany's manufacturing economy was booming and Turkey's economy was predominantly agricultural. Which of the following best describes Turkish migration to Germany?

Voluntary guest workers

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

When the CBR declines to the point where it equals the CDR and the NIR approaches zero

Pronatalist

a government policy that encourages or forces childbearing, and outlaws or limits access to contraception.

Epidemiologic Transition

focuses on distinctive health threats in each stage of the demographic transition

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.

Based on the demographic transition model, which region is best described as exhibiting overall negative rates of growth in stage 4?

Eastern Europe

Stage two of DTM

-Natural increase rises dramatically -High birth rates but lower death rates -Healthcare improves -Fewer infants die -More transportation and medical care -Improved sanitation -Industrial revolution -Second Agricultural revolution. -More food -Youthful Population -Large Workforce

Stage Five of DTM

-Negative natural increase rate/Population is decreasing -Total population is high -Aging population -Less births and more deaths -Overall population will decrease because of more deaths -Financial independence of women

Stage three of DTM

-low birth and death rates -decrease in the population -planned families and birth controls -bigger want for education and work -ex: South Korea

Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010?

A decrease in the number of armed conflicts in African countries meant a higher number of asylum seekers traveling to Europe.

Japan has a low birth rate and a high life expectancy. Which of the following explains why Japan will struggle with demographic challenges in 30 years?

An aging population needing health care will require more public funding.

birth control

Any method used to reduce births, including celibacy, delayed marriage, contraception; devices or medication that prevent implantation of fertilized zygotes, and induced abortions

Based on the diagram of the demographic transition model, which of the following correctly describes the expected population change over time?

As birth rates are higher than death rates, population growth remains high.

Bangladesh has seen its total fertility rate drop to 2.1, but its population is projected to be higher in 2050 than it is today. Which of the following explains why Bangladesh will continue to experience positive rates of natural increase?

Bangladesh's population will continue to grow as a result of a large youthful population.

Many European countries provide families one or more of the following: tax credits, flexible parental leave, monthly payments, public-transportation fare reduction, free vaccines, and subsidized childcare.

Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage higher birth rates.

Stage one of the DTM

Birth rate and Death rates are both high. Population is slow and fluctuating. NRI is nearly zero, most of human hustory was spent at this stage. High stationary stage. no countries today are in stage one.

Which of the following population patterns is common in more developed countries?

Declining levels of fertility and mortality, leading to older age structures

South Korea, as of 2018, has the lowest total fertility rate in the world at 1.1. Which of the following best explains a population policy South Korea could enact to promote higher birth rates?

Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children

Pandemic

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

The four regions that people don normally live are

Dry land, Wet lands, Cold lands, and High lands

What are the four main population clusters in order from highest population to lowest?

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, Southeast Asia.

Why women may have less children

Education, they understand their rights better and stay in school longer. Health Care, improved prenatal care and counseling, survival of infants is more assured so more contraceptives are used.

Which of the following best identifies the data for western China, shown on the map?

Low arithmetic density

Chain Migration

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Based on the data shown in the table, which of the following accurately describes changes in the roles of women as countries develop economically?

More women work in professional jobs

What was Malthus's theory of population growth?

That if the human population continued to grow unchecked, sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food supplies. He believed that population increased geometrically and food supply increased arithmetically.

Life expectancy

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.

Which of the following describes the relationship between fertility and education in the United States and Canada in recent decades?

The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the decline in fertility.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

Which of the following patterns is indicated by the population pyramid shown?

The population has a high total fertility rate.

Ecumene

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

demographic transition

The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population.

Population patterns shown on the map indicate that areas around river deltas and upland lake and river valleys have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more heavily populated?

These regions have higher carrying capacities.