AP HUGE Chapter 3: Migration

Describe interregional migration in Canada, China, and Brazil.

Canada: Like the US, Canada has had significant interregional migration from east to west for more than a century. China: People emigrate from rural areas in the interior of the country to large urban areas in search of jobs. The government discourages interregional migration. Brasil: Most people live in a string of cities along the Atlantic coast. But, many people are beginning to move toward the capital of Brazil, Brasilia, which is in the center of the country, in search of jobs. The government encourages this kind of migration.

Summarize the flows of migrant workers in Europe and Asia.

Europe: Immigrants take low-status and low-skill jobs, that Europeans rejects, and are low paid by European standards but make much more than they would at home. Asia: China's booming economy attracts immigrants from neighboring Asian countries. In Southwest Asia, wealthy, oil producing countries have been major destinations for migrants from poorer countries in that region.

Identify the types of immigrants who are given preference to enter the United States.

Family reunification, skilled workers and those who diversify.

Provide examples of political, environmental, and economic push and pull factors.

Political: Slavery was once an important political push factor. Forced political migrations now occurs because of political conflict. Environmental: People are pushed toward physically attractive regions and pushed away from hazardous ones. Attractive environments include mountains, seasides, and warm climates. EIther too much water or not enough poses the most common environmental threat. Economic: Most people migrate for economic reasons. They come from places that have few job opportunities to places where jobs seem to be available.

Explain differences among the three forms of intraregional migrations.

Rural to Urban: Migrants are pushed by declining opportunities and are pulled by economic advancement. Urban to Suburban: People are pulled by the suburban lifestyle. Most common intraregional migration in MDCs. Urban to Rural: Becoming increasingly common in MDCs. People are lured by the prospect of swapping busy city life for a more slow lifestyle.

Describe interregional migration in Russia.

Russia's populations is highly clustered in the western potion of the country, despite the more uninhabited regions having more natural resources. Soviet policy encouraged factory construction, and had to force workers to migrate to the far off regions. Many of those who were moved eventually moved to different regions later on.

Describe the population characteristics of unauthorized immigrants to the United States. (Source Country, Children, Years in the US, Labor force, Distribution)

Source Country: 58% from Mexico then the rest are split evenly between other Latin American countries and other regions of the world. Children: About 1 million children, while 4.5 millions children are had by unauthorized immigrants every year. Years in the US: 35% of adults for more than 15 years. Labor force: 8 million are employed (5% of labor force in US) and mostly in jobs that average Americans don't want to do. Distribution: California and Texas have the highest number. Nevada has the highest percentage.

Describe characteristics of immigrants to the United States.

Most immigrants used to be male (55%), but in the early-21st century, that changed to women (55%). Also, young adults are most likely to move to a new country.

Describe the history of interregional migration in the United States.

1790: Hugging the coast. Most Americans lived on the east coast because of their dependance on shipping link with Europe. 1800-1840: Crossing the Appalachians. Transportation improvements helped Americans cross the Appalachians. 1850-1890: Rushing to the gold. American avoided the Great Plains because of the hard-to-cultivate land and went strait to California for the gold. 1900-1940: Filling in the Great Plains. Improvements in technology and the expansion of railroads helped populate the Great Plains. 1950-2010: Moving south. Americans migrated to the South for job opportunities and warmer climates.

Identify the principal sources of immigrants during the three main eras of U.S. immigration

17th and 18th Centuries: Most immigrants came from Europe, mainly England, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Mid-19th to Early 20th Centuries: Most immigrants came from Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia, and Southern and Eastern Europe. Late 20th to Early 21st Centuries: Most immigrants came from Asia and Latin America.

Compare American and European attitudes toward immigrants.

Americans are more concernced with illegal immigration while Europeans are more concerned with cultural diversity.

Describe the differences between international and internal migration.

International migration is a permanent move from one country to another. This includes voluntary and forced migration. Generally, people from developing countries migrate to developed countries. Internal migration is a permanent move within the same country. This includes interregional migration, the movement from one region of a country to another, and intraregional migration, the movement within one region.