AP Human Geography ~ Agricultural and Rural Land Use Potential Test Questions

25. _____________ did not contain an agricultural hearth. A) Europe B) Asia C) Africa D) South America E) Middle America

A) Europe

46. Livestock ranching and pastoral nomadism both A) Exist in environments too harsh for crop production B) Suffer from low wages C) Rely on the same animals for their livelihood D) Flourish in central Asia E) Suffer from undue government regulations

A) Exist in environments too harsh for crop production

52. The agricultural practice most commonly associated with intensive subsistence agriculture is A) Paddy rice farming B) Swidden agriculture C) Plantation agriculture D) Market gardening E) None of the above

A) Paddy rice farming

43. Herders who seasonally move their animals between mountain pastures and lowland valleys practice A) Transhumance B) Seasonal variation C) Swidden agriculture D) Livestock ranching E) Extensive subsistence agriculture

A) Transhumance

39. The process by which people engaged in shifting cultivation plant crops of varying heights in order to protect lower crops is called A) Ridge tillage B) Swidden agriculture C) Intertillage D) Shifting cutivtion E) Subsistence agriculture

C) Intertillage

12. Growing only enough food to feed your family is an example of A) Vegetative planting B) Market gardening C) Extensive commercial agriculture D) Subsistence agriculture E) None of the above

D) Subsistence agriculture

1. The modern definition of agriculture includes A) Animal husbandry and shifting cultivation B) Vegetative and seed planting C) Multiple hearths of origin D) The deliberate domestication of plants and animals E) None of the above

D) The deliberate domestication of plants and animals

3. The most practiced economic activity in the world is A) Commercial agriculture B) Manufacturing C) Providing a service D) Extensive subsistence agriculture E) Intensive subsistence agriculture

E) Intensive subsistence agriculture

56. All of the following are examples of intensive commercial agriculture except A) Dairy B) Truck farming C) Mixed crop and livestock D) Horticulture E) Paddy rice farming

E) Paddy rice farming

60. Which region is not a major dairy producing area? A) Southeast Canada B) Northeastern United States C) Southern California D) Northwestern Europe E) Southeast United States

E) Southeast United States

18. According Carl Sauer, why did vegetative planting first start in Southeast Asia? A) The predictable annual flooding of rivers provided needed irrigation B) The humid continental climate was ideal for experimentation C) The extensive river valleys provided excellent soil for cultivation D) The monsoon weather system was ideal for experimentation with plants E) The region's high biodiversity allowed people to become more sedentary, which naturally led to experimentation with plants

E) The region's high biodiversity allowed people to become more sedentary, which naturally led to experimentation with plants

9. The percentage of the labor force in the United States that works directly in agriculture is A) 2-5% B) 5-7% C) 7-9% D) 10-12% E) 13-15%

A) 2-5%

45. Pastoral nomads do not typically herd A) Cattle B) Llamas C) Sheep D) Goats E) Camels

A) Cattle

53. Technology essential for intensive subsistence agriculture is A) Irrigation B) Precision agriculture techniques C) Biotechnology D) Advancements in pesticide research E) All of the above

A) Irrigation

11. Subsistence agriculture dominates in A) Less developed countries B) More developed countries C) Mid-latitude climates D) Newly-industrialized countries E) None of the above

A) Less developed countries

8. The primary purpose of commercial agriculture is to A) Make a profit B) Produce a superior product C) Produce a product in a sustainable manner D) Provide jobs for a large percentage of the population E) Sustain the rural way of life

A) Make a profit

47. Pastoral nomads potentially contribute to desertification by A) Overgrazing B) Using poor cultivation techniques C) Moving animals frequently D) All of the above E) A and B only

A) Overgrazing

33. Which statement regarding agricultural region(s) with respect to Whitttlessey's Agricultural Regions map is no longer applicable? A) Plantation agriculture doesn't exist in North America anymore B) Grain regions have become smaller over time C) Mediterranean agriculture has declined in importance D) Areas of shifting cultivation have become more prominent E) Commercial gardening in the U.S. is still dominant along the east coast

A) Plantation agriculture doesn't exist in North America anymore

14. All of the following are true regarding contemporary hunting and gathering societies except A) Their way of life is preserved by many governments B) They tend to be isolated from modern societies C) They provide insight into prehistoric cultures D) They exist in the Arctic, the interior of Africa, Australia, and South America E) Their numbers are rapidly declining

A) Their way of life is preserved by many governments

32. When comparing the Koppen Climate Regions Map with the Whittlessey Agricultural Regions Map one can conclude that A) There is a direct relationship between the patterns on both maps B) Many agricultural regions exist outside their respective climate zones C) Climate is not a limiting factor on the distribution of agriculture D) Agricultural regions have changed a great deal in the 20th century E) Whittlessey's map is outdated

A) There is a direct relationship between the patterns on both maps

24. Which famous cultural geographer theorized that the invention of agriculture took place in multiple hearths? A) Ester Bosrup B) Carl Sauer C) Henrich von Thunen D) Walter Christaller E) William Burgess

B) Carl Sauer

58. All of the following are environmental impacts of commercial farming except A) Over harvesting of ocean fisheries B) Contribution to the urban heat island effect C) Deforestation D) Erosion of top-soil E) Chemical contamination of drinking water

B) Contribution to the urban heat island effect

15. Humans survived prior to the invention of agriculture by engaging in A) Shifting cultivation B) Hunting and gathering C) Pastoral nomadism D) Hunting big game animals E) Slash and burn cultivation techniques

B) Hunting and gathering

50. Which of the following are examples of extensive subsistence agriculture? A) Swidden and dairy B) Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding C) Shifting cultivation and livestock ranching D) Livestock ranching and slash and burn agriculture E) Nomadic herding and plantation agriculture

B) Slash and burn agriculture and nomadic herding

20. What area of the world first incorporated domestication of both plants and animals? A) Ethiopian Highlands B) Southwest Asia C) Southeast Asia D) East Asia E) Middle America

B) Southwest Asia

30. The second agricultural revolution coincided with A) The Enlightenment B) The Industrial Revolution C) Imperialism D) The Age of Revolutions E) The first wave of European migration

B) The Industrial Revolution

36. Why do societies practicing shifting cultivation only farm the same plot of land for one to two years? A) Shifting cultivation depletes nutrients from the soil faster than other methods B) Tropical soils are nutrient poor C) Pressure from the government keeps tribes moving D) Since they don't own the land, tribes must keep shifting location E) All of the above

B) Tropical soils are nutrient poor

13. All of the following are types of subsistence agriculture except A) Pastoral nomadism B) Truck farming C) Shifting cultivation D) Swidden agriculture E) Intensive rice farming

B) Truck farming

22. Which pairing of animal(s) and region is not correct? A) Water buffalo, pig, and chicken - Southeast Asia B) Llama and alpaca - South America C) Cattle - South Asia D) Goat and sheep - Southwest Asia E) All of the above

C) Cattle - South Asia

40. Pastoral nomadism still a dominant way of life in many parts of A) Western United States B) Central Australia C) Central Asia D) West Africa E) Central America

C) Central Asia

48. What agricultural technique allows subsistence farmers in tropical and sub-tropical areas to support a large population with a small amount of arable land? A) Four-field crop rotation system B) Intertillage C) Double cropping D) Swidden agriculture E) Slash and burn agriculture

C) Double cropping

4. What type of diffusion is most closely associated with the Columbian Exchange? A) Stimulus diffusion B) Expansion diffusion C) Relocation diffusion D) Hierarchical diffusion E) Contagious diffusion

C) Relocation diffusion

51. Extensive subsistence agriculture predominates in A) Tropical rain forests B) Sub-tropical areas C) Semi-arid deserts D) Deserts E) All of the above

C) Semi-arid deserts

34. Shifting cultivation is still practiced in many parts of A) South Asia B) East Asia C) South America D) North Africa E) Central Asia

C) South America

19. All of the following were vegetative planting (root crop) hearths except A) West Africa B) Southeast Asia C) Southwest Asia D) Peruvian Highlands E) All of the above

C) Southwest Asia

26. Agricultural first diffused to Europe from A) North Africa B) South Asia C) Southwest Asia D) West Africa E) Southeast Asia

C) Southwest Asia

7. All of the following are aspects of commercial agriculture except A) A heavy reliance on machinery B) The product is consumed off the farm C) There is little relationship to other businesses D) A small percentage of the workforce is engaged directly in agriculture E) The average size of farms is hundreds of acres

C) There is little relationship to other businesses

35. Shifting cultivation is a threatened form of agriculture because of A) Competition for resources from logging and mining companies B) Population increase C) Modern technology makes the practice obsolete D) A and B only E) None of the above

D) A and B only

17. According to Carl Sauer, what best characterized the invention of plant domestication? A) The process was gradual B) A number of independent hearths were established C) Hearths developed in areas with high biodiversity D) All of the above E) None of the above

D) All of the above

54. What geographic factor best explains why a piece of land is used intensively or extensively for agriculture? A) Soil quality B) Precipitation levels C) Climate region D) Distance to the market E) Price of land

D) Distance to the market

27. Europeans evolved from farming a single field in early medieval times to rotating crops into how many different sections or fields by the 18th century? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Five

D) Four

2. Agriculture is associated with the A) Secondary sector of the economy B) Quaternary sector of the economy C) Tertiary sector of the economy D) Primary sector of the economy E) Service sector of the economy

D) Primary sector of the economy

37. All of the following are characteristics of shifting cultivation except A) People usually live in small villages B) Farmers clear land using a slash (vegetation) and burn (debris) technique C) Crops are grown on land until the nutrients in the soil are depleted D) Primogentric land ownership dominates shifting cultivation societies E) Farmers usually return to the same area approximately twenty years later

D) Primogentric land ownership dominates shifting cultivation societies

21. Which combination of animals was domesticated in Southwest Asia? A) Water buffalo, pig, and chicken B) Llama and alpaca C) Cattle, camel, and goat D) Sheep and goat E) Yak and horse

D) Sheep and goat

42. All of the following are characteristics of pastoral nomads except A) They consume mostly grains rather than meat B) They trade meat and skins for grains C) They stay in one place when rainfall is plentiful D) They only consume animal products and animal by-products E) They primarily depend on animals for their survival

D) They only consume animal products and animal by-products

16. Which of the following statements is most accurate concerning the invention of agriculture? A) The process was gradual B) There were multiple hearths throughout the world C) The process was a sudden response to extreme environmental changes D) Humans did little experimentation with plant domestication E) A and B only

E) A and B only

29. What conclusion can one make with regard to the connection between the second agricultural revolution and the Industrial Revolution? A) Advancements in agricultural production helped feed the expanding population B) Technological advancements helped increase agricultural production C) Transportation improvements made more food available to urban populations D) None of the above E) A and B only

E) A and B only

31. The Enclosure Movement altered the geography and agricultural practices of rural England by A) Consolidating oddly shaped fields B) Encouraging the use of more farm machinery C) Displacing farmers D.) All of the above E) A and B only

E) A and B only

38. Swidden agriculture refers to A) Clearing land to farm using slash and burn techniques B) Only farming cleared land for one to two years C) Terracing steep hillsides for agricultural purposes D) All of the above E) A and B only

E) A and B only

41. Pastoral nomads predominate in A) Semi-arid deserts B) Deserts C) Subtropical grasslands D) Tropical rainforest E) A and B only

E) A and B only

49. Another term for pastoral nomadism is A) Extensive subsistence agriculture B) Nomadic herding C) Livestock ranching D) Grain agriculture E) A and B only

E) A and B only

55. What activity typifies extensive commercial agriculture? A) Wheat and grain farming B) Livestock ranching C) Banana plantations in Latin America D) Mixed crop and livestock operations in Iowa E) A and B only

E) A and B only

59. Dairy farmers locate near urban areas because A) It is expensive to transport product to market B) Milk has a limited shelf-life C) Land costs are high D) Of agglomeration pressures E) A and B only

E) A and B only

10. The major difference between subsistence and commercial agriculture is A) Where the product is consumed B) That commercial agriculture is primarily focused on profit C) That land ownership in subsistence agricultural communities is often communal D) That in subsistence agriculture the motivation is to feed one's family E) All of the above

E) All of the above

23. What was the advantage of domesticating animals? A) Animals provided meat B) Animals provided milk C) Animals provided furs and skins D) Animals were beasts of burden E) All of the above

E) All of the above

28. How did the second agricultural revolution improve agricultural production? A) The four-field system increased yields and soil fertility B) New technologies such as the drill press increased production C) The Enclosure Movement encouraged the use of machinery D) Advances in breeding livestock increased production of meat and dairy E) All of the above

E) All of the above

44. Pastoral nomadism is a threatened way of life because A) Of competition for resources B) The nomads often cross international borders C) It is not an economically viable livelihood D) Increased population pressures E) All of the above

E) All of the above

5. Agriculture is affected by all of the following except A) Cultural taboos B) Distance to the market C) Political policies D) Level of economic development E) All of the above

E) All of the above

57. What best characterizes intensive commercial agriculture? A) Commercial agriculture dominates in More Developed Countries (MDCs) B) Due to globalization and competition, profit margins have decreased C) Farmers must specialize in order to stay competitive D) Farmers are part of a complex and highly integrated system called agribusiness E) All of the above

E) All of the above

6. Strategies used to increase the supply of food for a country could include A) Putting more land into production B) Increasing the yield of land under cultivation C) Identifying new food sources D) Increasing food imports E) All of the above

E) All of the above