AP Human Geography Chapter 4 and 5 Review

Explain these statements, "Westernization as Modernization," and "Globalization as Westernization."

"Westernization as Modernization" refers to undeveloped countries assimilating to western culture which is modern and advanced. "Globalization as Westernization is connectivity increasing as some cultures are acculturated by western culture.

What is the difference of Assimilation and Acculturation? (Give 2 real world examples.)

-Assimilation is an adaptation to a common culture such as Mexican immigrants conform to US societal & economic demands. -Acculturation is the process of displacing/eliminating another culture, such as pilgrims or Spanish conquistadors coming to the new world and driving out/ killing off the natives.

What is the difference between pop culture and folk culture? (Give 2 examples.)

-Pop culture is found in large, heterogeneous groups that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics. An example would be pop music, which is written by individuals for the purpose of being sold or performed. -Folk culture is traditionally practiced by small isolated homogeneous groups that share the same beliefs and characteristics. An example would be folk music, which is anonymously originated and passed on/ modified orally from generation to generation.

What are the basic components of culture? (Give examples of how they can be different in two different places)

Basic components of culture are food, shelter, clothing, language, music and religion. For example, the national language in Mexico is Spanish, which varies greatly from Hindi, which is the national language from India.

What is Dialect and Isogloss?

Dialect- a regional variety of language distinguished by spelling, grammar, and pronunciation. Isogloss- Boundaries separating regions by language.

Explain the historical diffusion of the English language from its origins to today? (Make sure to use the "where," and the, "why" in your explanation.)

English originated with the Celts in the British Isles of 200 B.C... Eventually, Germanic, Viking, and Norman tribes invaded, growing the language. The most significant diffusion was to the new world in the 17th century.

What are the major language families and where are they located?

Sino- Tibetan: Southern/ eastern Asia Niger- Congo: Sub- Saharan Africa Autronesian: Madagascar and SE Asia Altaic- Southern, middle eastern Asia Dravidian; Southern India Afro- asiatic: Middle East Indo- European: Western Hemisphere Japanese: Japan Korean: Korea

What role does technology play in the diffusion of Culture? How does this impact folk culture? Why might it not impact folk culture? (Please give specific details to back up your answer.)

Technology such as social media increases connectivity which increases the spread of cultures between regions. Although this usually applies to western pop culture, this technology also gives insight to folk traditions around the world, such as a Latin festival being aired on Twitter. Technology might also not affect folk culture at all because it is possible to accept diffusing western Pop culture while retaining folk culture, like kids in Germany listening to songs by American artists while still knowing German nursery rhymes.

There are examples of societies that are in close proximity, but where cultures, people, and/or ideas do not mix because of physical barriers, language barriers, etc? Give example of the two cultures, where they can be found and what are the barriers? (be specific). In other words, what cultures defy Tobler's law?

The heavily restricted boarder between North and South Korea causes a variation in the governments, where North Korea is extremely strict but, South Korea is much more permissive and encourages individualism.

Show how Languages are classified and give an example for each level of classification.

Tree trunks/ Branches/ Split branches/ leaves/ language family/ language branch/ secondary language branch/ language/ Indo- European/ Germanic/ North Germanic/ Danish.