AP Human Geography Review - Unit One

The map above represents what kind of projection? A. A Mercator projection with distorted land areas B. A planar projection with diverging lines at the poles C. A homolosine projection with continuity of landmasses D. A Robinson projection with distortions at the equator E. A gnomonic projection with distortions of bodies of water

A. A Mercator projection with distorted land areas

Which of the following scales is represented in the map shown? A. Local, showing the towns and township areas in a county B. Regional, showing the states or provinces in one part of a country C. State or province, showing the counties or parishes D. Neighborhood, showing the block along street boundaries E. Block, showing the property lines and names of owners

A. Local, showing the towns and township areas in a county

Which of the following best describes the type of information provided in the directions? A. Absolute location B. Relative location C. Cultural landscape D. Geographic information systems E. Cartographic principles

B. Relative location

According to the theory of environmental deter-minism, which of the following areas would have the most productive settlements? A. Tropical regions B. Temperate regions C. Mountainous regions D. Arctic regions E. Arid regions

B. Temperate regions

The maps show residential neighborhoods in the Republic of Singapore. Which of the following individuals or organizations would be most likely to make a decision based on the spatial pattern shown on the maps? A. A person planning to move from a more rural area to a more urban area within Singapore B. A business analyzing demographic change over time within its market area C. An environmental advocacy group seeking to protect habitats of vulnerable species D. A government agency seeking to promote equal opportunities across ethnicities E. A multinational corporation identifying a location for a new factory

D. A government agency seeking to promote equal opportunities across ethnicities

Which of the following is the primary assumption of environmental determinism? A. Human destiny is controlled by the cultural environment . B. The physical environment has little influence on humans . C. Humans have complete control over the physical environment . D. Many human adaptations are possible within a specific physical environment . E. The physical environment controls human culture

A. Human destiny is controlled by the cultural environment .

In descriptions of interaction between people and the environment, the term "environmental determinism" implies that A. the physical environment exclusively shapes humans and their actions B. humans by their actions and technologies alter the physical environment to suit their needs C. determination of environmental limitations is a primary task of geographers D. capitalist economies do not contribute to global environmental degradation E. there exists no interacting relationship between people and their surrounding physical environment

A. the physical environment exclusively shapes humans and their actions

The concept of environmental sustainability is best explained by which of the following examples? A. Strip-mining of coal on mountainsides, to keep miners from working in underground conditions B. Terracing rice paddies on hillsides, to prevent soil erosion and provide gravity-fed irrigation C. Clear-cutting trees in coastal woodlands, to provide building materials for constructing homes D. Fattening cattle in dryland feedlots, to practice agriculture efficiently and at the lowest cost E. Draining of wetlands in residential areas, to reduce the presence of stinging insects

B. Terracing rice paddies on hillsides, to prevent soil erosion and provide gravity-fed irrigation

Which of the following are the best examples of vernacular regions? A. The Canadian Maritimes and the Northwest Territory B. The American West and the American Midwest C. South Africa and Australia D. South America and the Caribbean E. Scandinavia and the Iberian Peninsula

B. The American West and the American Midwest

Which of the following best identifies the scale of analysis for each of the maps shown? A. Global and regional B. Regional and urban C. Continental and country D. Global and local E. Country and local

C. Continental and country

The shaded areas on the map above most likely indicate regions that are affected or threatened by which of the following? A. Depopulation B. Deforestation C. Desertification D. Deindustrialization E. Devolution

C. Desertification

Which of the following describes the perspective of environmental determinism? A. A twentieth-century idea that human cultures are imprinted on the landscape in different forms of land use and architecture B. A contemporary ecological view that human activity is affecting the global environment toward a negative outcome C. A former scientific viewpoint stating that factors within the physical geography of a region shape the local population's culture and behaviors D. A theory that humans hold the ability to modify Earth's physical geography to meet the resource needs of a society E. A belief system based on an ideology that humans have dominion over Earth and its natural resources

B. A contemporary ecological view that human activity is affecting the global environment toward a negative outcome

Which of the following global trends best exemplifies the concept of sustainability? A. An increase in the use of agricultural pesticides, because farms using agricultural chemicals produce more food. B. An increase in the use of electric vehicles, because their reduced emissions result in less environmental pollution. C. A decrease in the amount of polar sea ice, because it opens more sea lanes for shipping. D. An increase in the number of people living in coastal areas, because residents will feel more connected to nature. E. A decrease in the practice of slash-and-burn agriculture, because large irrigated farms produce food more efficiently.

B. An increase in the use of electric vehicles, because their reduced emissions result in less environmental pollution.

The above map shows von Thünen's model applied to a map of the contiguous United States. Which of the following realities would NOT be accounted for by the theoretical predictions shown on the map? A. Wyoming is a major cattle-ranching area. B. Oregon has established a Forest Resources Institute. C. New Jersey's nickname is the Garden State. D. Florida's government has a Department of Citrus. E. The first cheese factory in the United States was near Rome, New York.

D. Florida's government has a Department of Citrus.

Which of the following statements about the Robinson projection is correct? A. It is more useful for long-distance navigation than the Mercator projection. B. It is better for making topographical maps than the Mercator projection. C. It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes. D. It is more useful for showing the distribution of human populations than the Mercator projection. E. It is better for estimating territorial waters in lower latitudes than the Mercator projection.

C. It is more accurate than the Mercator projection in showing the sizes of countries in higher latitudes.

Which of the following spatial patterns accurately describes the data presented in the map? A. Most continents have countries with secondary school enrollments below 75 percent. B. There are no countries in Africa with secondary school enrollments above 90 percent. C. The majority of countries with less than 70 percent secondary school enrollment are in sub-Saharan Africa. D. The secondary school enrollment is proportional to population density. E. Landlocked countries have secondary school enrollments above 90 percent

C. The majority of countries with less than 70 percent secondary school enrollment are in sub-Saharan Africa.

Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern of ethnicity in Singapore's neighborhoods? A. Malay is the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Indians live in the peripheral neighborhoods. B. The three major ethnic groups, Malay, Chinese, and Indian, are evenly distributed across the city. C. Ethnic Chinese residents are in the majority across most of the city, while ethnic Malay and ethnic Indian residents are concentrated in the peripheral neighborhoods. D. Ethnic Malay and ethnic Indians are evenly distributed throughout the city, while Chinese are only in the majority within the core central neighborhoods. E. Indian is the largest ethnic group, ethnic Chinese live in the center of the city, and ethnic Malay live in the peripheral neighborhoods.

C. Ethnic Chinese residents are in the majority across most of the city, while ethnic Malay and ethnic Indian residents are concentrated in the peripheral neighborhoods.

Why would a town planner use a map at the 1:24,000 scale rather than a map at the 1:250,000 scale? A. The map at the 1:24,000 scale shows a much larger area. B. The map at the 1:24,000 scale is easily converted to non-metric measurements. C. The map at the 1:24,000 scale shows the town close-up in more detail. D. The map at the 1:250,000 scale shows the town in too much detail. E. The map at the 1:250,000 scale shows too small of an area to see the whole town.

C. The map at the 1:24,000 scale shows the town close-up in more detail.

Watershed: A region in which all rainfall eventually flows downhill through a system of streams and tributaries into the same body of water, such as the catchment basin of a river or lake. Milkshed: A region in which fresh milk is produced and can be delivered without spoilage for sale and consumption. A dairy farm sits at the center of an area, the size of which is determined by how far fresh milk can be shipped and still maintain shelf-life for consumers. Given the definitions, watersheds and milksheds can best be classified as what type of region? A. Culture B. Formal C. Functional D. Industrial E. Vernacular

C. Functional

A formal culture region differs from other regions in that it A. has a focal point or node B. is one that people believe exists C. has a selected feature or internal uniformity D. does not contain gradations such as core, domain, and sphere E. applies only to linguistic and religion regions

C. has a selected feature or internal uniformity

A formal region defines an area in which A. a core dominates its surrounding hinterland B. a transportation network links different types of land use C. there is uniformity in one or more physical or human characteristics D. there are significant geographic variations in physical or human characteristics E. a unified government system has been established

C. there is uniformity in one or more physical or human characteristics

Table 1 shows that the United States and New York City have similar median household income values. Compare the data in Table 1 to the data in Table 2. Based on this comparison, which of the following statements is most accurate? A. Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the United States. B. Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of New York State. C. Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the New York City metropolitan area. D. Each borough of New York City has a household income distribution similar to that of the City of New York. E. A comparison of data from one scale to a different set of scales can result in a flawed analysis.

E. A comparison of data from one scale to a different set of scales can result in a flawed analysis.

Which of the following scales of analysis would provide demographic data that could be used to compare one urban neighborhood to other urban neighborhoods across a country? A. State or province B. Metropolitan area or urban region C. County or parish (in Quebec and Louisiana) D. City or municipality E. Census tract or enumeration area

B. Metropolitan area or urban region

The data on median household income in Table 1 is presented in different A. culture regions B. physical regions C. map scales D. scales of analysis E. vernacular regions

D. scales of analysis

Which of the following terms best describes regions that make up the political geographic divisions within a country? A. Cultural B. Perceptual C. Vernacular D. Physical E. Formal

E. Formal

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Mercator projection? A. The size and shape of countries in the higher latitudes are greatly exaggerated. B. The size of all countries is accurate, but the shape is distorted. C. Countries near the Equator appear 50 percent larger than countries in the middle latitudes. D. The projection is designed to maintain undistorted outlines of landmasses. E. Distances on the Mercator projection are real and accurate.

A. The size and shape of countries in the higher latitudes are greatly exaggerated.

Every map projection has some degree of distortion because A. a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion B. parallels and meridians never cross at right angles on a globe C. the grid system is two-dimensional, while the real world is three-dimensional D. Earth is not a perfect sphere E. latitude lines are shorter than meridian lines

A. a curved surface cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

All of the following are examples of the spatial analysis tradition in geography EXCEPT the: A. number of space shuttles constructed B. volume of telephone calls between Corey Union and Old Main C. trans-Atlantic slave trade D. distance associated with shopping trips to area malls E. volume of air traffic between London and Hong Kong

A. number of space shuttles constructed

The images show a topographic map and a geographic information systems (GIS) representation of Mount Shasta in California. Which of the following statements best explains why these printed images are geometrically distorted representations of Earth's surface? A. Some maps do not show the actual coloration of Earth's surface and vegetation. B. GIS can only display two-dimensional layers. C. The planet's gravitational poles are not located at the poles of Earth's axis. D. The three dimensions of Earth's surface are displayed on a two-dimensional page. E. Printed maps alter the sense of place that people can have about a location.

D. The three dimensions of Earth's surface are displayed on a two-dimensional page.

Which of the following concepts could best be explained by the theory of possibilism? A. Regional differences between the internal structures of cities B. Changes in population growth rates over time C. Limitations on agricultural crops based on climate D. Political patterns seen in election maps E. Modification of landscapes by human cultures

E. Modification of landscapes by human cultures