ap practice exam

Which action results in movement away from the midsagittal line? Abduction or adduction

abduction

Synovial fluid is rich in _________ and ___________, which give it a viscous, slippery texture similar to raw egg white.

albumin; hyaluronic acid

Which of the following fields would be mostly likely to study how artificial joints can be improved?

arthrology

Based on classification by movement, the tibiofibular joint, along the length of the bones where they are joined by an interosseous membrane, is an example of? A. synarthrosis, B. diarthrosis

A. synarthrosis

The hinge joints have more flexibility than the? A. synchondroses and gliding joints., B. condyloid and saddle joints

A. synchondroses and gliding joints

Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? A. humeroscapular joint, B. frontoparietal joint, C. attachment of the ribs to the sternum

C. attachment of the ribs to the sternum

Which of the following bones is a facial bone? A. occipital, B. ethmoid, C. lacrimal

C. lacrimal

The __________ differentiate into osteoblasts, which _______________.? A. osteocytes; lay down bone matrix, B. osteocytes; break down bone matrix, C. osteogenic cells; lay down bone matrix

C. osteogenic cells; lay down bone matrix

A synostosis is a subcategory for which type of joint?

bony

Activated vitamin D is known as

calcitriol

Osteocytes contact each other through channels called ________ in the bone matrix.

canaliculi

Tendons and ligaments are composed of what type of tissue?

dense regular connective tissue

A fibrous joint cannot also be?

diarthrosis

Based upon classification by movement, which type of joint has the greatest degree of movement?

diarthrosis

The most movable classification of joint is

diarthrosis

Sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses are subcategories for which type of joint?

elbow

Calcium homeostasis helps to keep the right amount of calcium in bone. True or false

false

Compact bone is avascular, meaning that it does not have a blood supply. True or false

false

More people get rheumatoid arthritis than osteoarthritis. True or false

false

Red bone marrow is found in the trabecular bone of flat bones, vertebrae, and the cranial bones, while yellow bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity of short bones? True or false

false

The shoulder is a good example of a hinge joint. True or false

false

Vitamin D promotes bone deposition? True or false

false

Menisci are composed of

fibrocartilage

Symphysis joints are joined by ______, while cartilaginous joints are joined by ______.

fibrocartilage; hyaline cartilage

A structurally classified joint which has no synovial cavity and is held together by ligaments is termed

fibrous

Sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses are subcategories for which type of joint?

fibrous

Which of the following bones develops via endochondral ossification?

fibula

The patellofemoral joint is an example of a

gliding joint

Unlike other joints, a ___ does not join two bones to each other.

gomphosis

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

humeroulnar

Which of the following joints is an example of an amphiarthrosis?

intercarpal joints

Medial excursion

is sideways movement from a lateral position back to the midline along a horizontal plane

A fibrous band or cord connecting one bone to another is known as a ________.

ligament

Osteoblasts deposit more bone matrix in response to all of the following factors except

low blood calcium

The arch from the heel to the hallux is known as the?

medial longitudinal arch

Fat is stored in the?

medullary cavity of long bones

Protraction?

moves a bone anteriorly

Elevation

moves a bone posteriorly

Movement of the thumb to touch a fingertip is?

opposition

In the zone of bone deposition, _____ cells rapidly invade the calcified matrix and lay down bone. Then ______ cells erode the spongy bone to form the marrow cavity.

osteoblast; osteoclast

Which of these is a gliding joint? the humeroscapular joint or patellofemoral joint

patellofemoral

The clavicle belongs to the

pectoral girdle

Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly is

pronation

Dorsiflexion is

raising the toes

Which of the following is a deviation of the spine from the midsagittal plane?

scoliosis

What shape are the tarsals?

short

The term "trabecular bone" would likely refer to? Compact bone or spongy bone

spongy bone

______ is always surrounded by ______

spongy bone; compact bone

Based upon structure, the frontal parietal joint is what specific type of joint?

suture

The functional and structural classifications that best describe the tibiofibular joint along the diaphyses of the two bones are __________ and ___________, respectively. A. synarthrosis; fibrous joint, B. synarthrosis; synovial joint

synarthrosis; fibrous joint

Prior to growth plate closure, the epiphyseal plate is a ____________. Following complete growth plate closure, the epiphyseal line is a __________. A. synostosis; synchondrosis, B. synchondrosis; synostosis

synchondrosis; synostosis

Two long bones such as the radius and ulna joined by a broad interosseous membrane form a type of joint called a/an ___.

syndesmosis

Which of the following is not a subclassification of a synovial joint?

syndesmosis

Based upon classification by structure, which type of joint has the most movement?

synovial

In which of these joints would you find a meniscus?

synovial

What is the name of a joint held together by a joint capsule?

synovial

Which of the following would you find within a joint cavity?

synovial fluid

A gomphosis is a fibrous joint because the periodontal ligament holds it together.? True or false

true

Arteriosclerosis is an example of ectopic ossification? True or false

true

Endochondral ossification is development of a bone from a cartilage model? True or false

true

Protein fibers are an important component of osseous tissue.? True or false

true

Reaching behind you to take something out of your hip pocket involves hyperextension of the shoulder. True or false

true

The angle through which a joint can move is called its range of motion. True or false

true

The knuckles are diarthroses? True or false

true

The two most important factors stabilizing a joint are 1) tendons and 2) muscle tone. True or false

true

The wrist can be hyperextended but the elbow cannot? True or false

true

Eversion

turning the foot outward

Slight changes in blood phosphate concentration often have immediate, lifethreatening effects? True or false

- false

When osteoblasts become trapped in the bone matrix they secrete, they differentiate into? A. Osteoclasts, B. osteocytes

B. osteocytes

A loss of bone mass, especially spongy bone, is usually a result of lack of exercise or deficiency of estrogen after menopause. This disorder is called? A. osteogenesis imperfecta, B. osteoporosis

B. osteoporosis

Which of the following fields would be mostly likely to study how artificial joints can be improved? A. arthrology , B. osteology

A. Arthrology

Two thirds of the dry weight of bone is accounted for by? A. crystals of calcium phosphate, B. collagen fibers -

A. crystals of calcium phosphate

A joint, such as the knee or elbow, which is freely movable is termed? A. diarthrosis, B. synostosis

A. diarthrosis

Based on classification by movement, the humeroscapular joint is an example of? A. diarthrosis, B. synarthrosis

A. diarthrosis

The medullary cavity of a bone is lined by a fibrous connective tissue membrane called the? A. endosteum, B. periosteum

A. endosteum

Sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses are subcategories for which type of joint? A. fibrous, B. cartilaginous

A. fibrous

Which of the following would not result in a decrease in calcitriol? A. hypocalcemia, B. liver disease, C. kidney disease

A. hypocalcemia

Osteocytes are found within the __________ of an osteon. A. lacunae, B. lamellae

A. lacunae

Which of the following is an example of a cranial bone? A. occipital, B. nasal, C. palatine

A. occipital

Which of the following cells is responsible for sensing stress during weight bearing exercise and signaling the other osseous cells? A. osteocytes , B. osteogenic cells -

A. osteocytes

All of the following adult bones arise as two or more separate bones in the fetus except ? A. The patella, B. frontal, C. sacrum

A. patella

The spaces between trabeculae are filled with? A. red bone marrow, B. yellow bone marrow

A. red bone marrow

Based on classification by movement, the pubic symphysis is an example of? A. a synarthrosis, B. an amphiarthrosis, C. diarthrosis.

B. amphiarthrosis

The joint between the left and right mandibles following complete fusion of the two bones is a _________ joint, which is more specifically called a __________. A. fibrous; synostosis , B. bony; synostosis

B. bony; synostosis

The joint between the ribs and costal cartilage is a _______ joint more specifically classified as a ___________. A. cartilaginous; symphysis , B. cartilaginous; synchondrosis

B. cartilaginous; synchondrosis

Not all compact bone is organized around a central canal with concentric lamellae. Lamellae found in the inner and outer boundaries of dense bone run parallel to the bone surface. These lamellae are called __________ lamellae. A. concentric, B. circumferential

B. circumferential

Intramembranous ossification occurs in? A. fibrocartilage, B. fibrous sheath, C. elastic cartilage

B. fibrous sheath

Long bones develop from? A. osseous tissue, B. hyaline cartilage, C. fibrocartilage

B. hyaline cartilage

Scoliosis may be caused by? A. poor posture, B. improper development, C. weak abdominal muscles

B. improper development

Osteoblasts deposit more bone matrix in response to all of the following factors except? A. decrease the growth of bone by prematurely closing the epiphyseal plate., B. increase the growth of bone by prematurely closing the epiphyseal plate.

B. increase the growth of bone by prematurely closing the epiphyseal plate.

Which of the following types of joints is not monaxial? A. pivot, B. saddle, C. gliding, D. hinge

B. saddle

Which of the following pairs of joints each move in only two planes? A. saddle and pivot, B. saddle and condyloid

B. saddle and condyloid

Lacunae are? A. small channels connecting lamellae, allowing the exchange of signals between osteocytes and providing a pathway for nutrients. B. small cavities between lamellae in which osteocytes reside

B. small cavities between lamellae in which osteocytes reside

In intramembranous ossification, which of the following steps comes last? A. in a membranous sheet, mesenchymal cells become osteogenic cells, B. spongy bone is replaced by compact bone on the surfaces

B. spongy bone is replaced by compact bone on the surfaces

Which type of joint is most movable? A. synostosis, B. symphysis, C. syndesmosis

B. symphysis

Which joints are the most movable? A. synarthrosis, B. synovial, C. amphiarthrosis

B. synovial

Which of the following structures limits range of motion and provides mechanical support across or around the joint? A. menisci, B. tendons, C. bursae

B. tendons

Dislocations involving synovial joints are usually prevented by all of the following except? A. the position of muscles and fat pads that limits the degree of movment., B.the position of bursae that limits the degree of movement

B. the position of bursae that limits the degree of movement