Ap Psych 1-3

A strong stimulus can increase the: A)number of times the neuron fires B)intensity of the impulse the neuron fires C)speed of the impulse the neuron fires D)threshold that must be reached before the neuron fires

A

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior? A)cognitive B)behavioral C)humanistic D)psychoanalytic

A

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called: A)hormones B)agonists C)neurotransmitters D)enzymes

A

If Dr. Rogers wishes to conduct an experiment on the effects of stimulating reward centers of a rat's brain, he should insert an electrode into the: A)hypothalamus B)sensory cortex C)corpus callosum D)thalamus

A

In psychology, behavior is best defined as: A)any action we can observe and record B)anything we can infer from a person's actions C)anything a person says, does or feels D)any action, whether observable or not

A

Larry believes that psychologists should go back to using introspection as a main research method. This technique is based on: A)self-examination of mental processes B)the study of observable behavior C)survey methodology D)experimentation

A

Psychologists who study, assess and treat troubled people are called ____________________________. A)clinical psychologists B)psychiatrists C)basic researchers D)applied psychologists

A

Psychologists' personal values: A)can bias both scientific observation and interpretation of data B)have little influence on investigative methods but a significant effect on interpretation C)do not influence the interpretation of experimental results because the use of statistical techniques that guard against bias D)have little influence on how their experiments are conducted

A

The effect of a drug that is an agonist is to: A)mimic a particular neurotransmitter B)cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters C)block a particular transmitter D)disrupt a neuron's all-or-nothing firing pattern

A

The procedure designed to ensure that the experimental and control groups do not differ in any way that might affect the experiment's results is called: A)random assignment B)variable controlling C)representative sampling D)stratification

A

The psychological perspective that places the most emphasis on how observable responses are learned is the __________________ perspective. A)behavioral B)evolutionary C)behavior genetics D)cognitive

A

The scientific attitude of humility is based on the idea that: A)researchers must be prepared to reject their own ideas in the face of conflicting evidence B)scientific theories must be testable C)simple explanations of behavior make better theories than do complex explanations D)researchers must evaluate new ideas and theories objectively rather than accept them blindly

A

The visual cortex is located in the: A)occipital lobe B)temporal lobe C)frontal lobe D)parietal lobe

A

The way the mind encodes, processes, stores and retrieves information is the primary concern of the _____________________________ perspective. A)cognitive B)neuroscience C)social-cultural D)evolutionary

A

To ensure that other researchers can repeat their work, psychologists use: A)operational definitions B)hypotheses C)laboratory experiments D)intuition

A

When a difference between two groups is "statistically significant," this means that: A)the difference is not likely to be due to chance variation B)the difference is statistically real but of little practical significance C)the difference is probably the result of sampling variation D)all of these are true

A

Which of the following is the measure of central tendency that would be most affected by a few extreme scores? A)mean B)range C)median D)mode

A

A good modern definition of psychology is the: A)scientific study of mental phenomena B)scientific study of behavior and mental processes C)scientific study of behavior D)scientific study of conscious and unconscious behavior

B

A neuron will generate action potentials more often when it: A)is stimulated by a neurotransmitter B)receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs C)receives an excitatory input D)remains below threshold

B

A psychologist who studies how productivity in the workplace might be increased by changing office layout is engaged in ____________________ research A)clinical B)applied C)developmental D)basic

B

After a detailed study of a gunshot wound victim, a psychologist concludes that the brain region destroyed is likely to be important for memory functions. Which type of research did the psychologist use to deduce this? A)survey B)case study C)correlation D)experimentation

B

After comparing divorce rates among identical and fraternal twins, Dr. Alexander has concluded that genes DO play a role. Dr. Alexander is most likely a(n): A)molecular scientist B)behavior geneticist C)evolutionary psychologist D)divorcee

B

An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate is called: A)random assignment B)informed consent C)placebo effect D)double-blind study

B

Camille believes that high doses of caffeine slow a person's reaction time. In order to test this belief, she has five friends each drink three 8-ounce cups of coffee and then measures their reaction times on a learning task. What is wrong with Camille's research strategy? A)No dependent variable is specified B)There is no control condition C)No independent variable is specified D)There is no provision for replication of the findings

B

Damage to _________________will usually cause a person to lose ability to comprehend language. A)the angular gyrus B)Wernicke's area C)Broca's area D)frontal lobe association areas

B

Dr. Johnson briefly flashed a picture of a key in the right hemisphere of a split-brain patient. The patient could probably:draw a picture of a key using the left hand A)draw a picture of a key using the left hand B)verbally report that a key was seen C)write the word key using the left hand D)do or say nothing

B

Dr. Williams explains behavior in terms of different situations we encounter as human beings. Dr. Williams is evidently working from the ______________________ perspective of psychology. A)behavioral B)social-cultural C)cognitive D)evolutionary

B

In an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on motivation, exercise is the: A)control condition B)independent variable C)dependent variable D)intervening variable

B

In generalizing from a sample to the population, it is important that: A)the sample be non-random B)the sample be representative C)the sample not be too large D)all of these are true

B

Jim has been taking prescription medicine and experiencing a number of unplesant side effects, including unusually rapid heartbeat and excessive perspiration. It is likely that the medicine is exaggerating activity in the: A)somatic nervous system B)sympathetic nervous system C)parasympathetic nervous system D)reflex pathways

B

The endocrine system gland that regulates body growth is the: A)adrenal B)pituitary C)hypothalamus D)thyroid

B

To prevent the possibility that a placebo effect or researchers' expectations will influence a study's results, scientists employ: A)random assignment B)double-blind study C)experimental groups D)control groups

B

Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the: A)somatic nervous system B)sympathetic nervous system C)parasympathetic nervous system D)autonomic nervous system

B

Well-done surveys measure attitudes in a representative subset, or _____________________, of an entire group, or _____________________. A)population; random sample B)random sample; population C)experimental group; control group D)control group; experimental group

B

Which notable psychologist would be most likely be in agreement with the statement, "Psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed." A)William James B)John B. Watson C)Wilhelm Wundt D)Sigmund Freud

B

Which of the following coefficients of a correlation indicates the weakest relationship between habits and grades? A)-0.28 B)0.08 C)-1.00 D)0.51

B

Which of the following exemplifies the issue of the relative importance of nature and nurture on our behavior? A)the debate as to the relative importance of heredity and instinct in determining behavior B)the issue of the relative influence of biology and experience on behavior C)the debate as to whether mental processes are a legitimate area of scientific study D)the issue of the relative influence of rewards and punishments on behavior

B

Which of the following is the measure of variation that is most affected by EXTREME scores? A)mode B)range C)mean D)median

B

Which subfield of psychology is most directly related to studying how human beings think? A)personality psychology B)cognitive psychology C)psychiatry D)clinical psychology

B

While running a marathon, Emily experienced an increase in the body's natural painkiller. Which of the following chemicals has been associated with the alleviation of pain? A)melatonin B)endorphins C)acetylcholine D)serotonin E)GABA

B

Who introduced the earliest school of structuralism? A)Sigmund Freud B)Wilhelm Wundt C)William James D)Mary Whiton Calkins

B

You are able to pull your hand away quickly from hot water before pain is felt because: A)the brain reacts quickly to prevent severe injury B)movement of the hand is a reflex that involves intervention of the spinal cord only C)movement of the hand does not require intervention by the central nervous system D)the autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system intervenes to speed contraction of the muscles of the hand

B

You decide to test your belief that men drink more soft drinks than women by finding out whether more soft drinks are consumed per day in the men's dorm than in the women's dorm. Your belief is a(n) _____________________, and your research prediction is a(n)_____________________. A)application; operational definition B)theory; hypothesis C)operational definition; application D)hypothesis; theory

B

Which of the following do we get from our parents? A)voice inflection B)straight/curly hair C)earlobe shape D)nearsightedness/farsightedness E)eye color

B,C,D,E

A biological psychologist would be more likely to study: A)how you express emotions B)lifespan changes in the expression of emotion C)the chemical changes that accompany emotions D)how to help people overcome emotional disorders

C

A psychologist who conducts experiments solely intended to build psychology's knowledge base is engaged in A)industrial research B)clinical research C)basic research D)applied research

C

A psychologist who explores how African and Australian definitions of attractiveness differ is working from the ________________ perspective. A)evolutionary B)cognitive C)social-cultural D)behavorial

C

A psychologist who explores how Asian and North American definitions of attractiveness differ is working from the ________________ perspective. A)behavorial B)evolutionary C)social-cultural D)cognitive

C

Benny eagerly opened an online trading account, believing that his market savvy would allow him to pick stocks that would make him a rich day trader. This belief best illustrates: A)critical thinking B)a scientific attitude C)overconfidence D)hindsight bias

C

Dr. Cooper conducts an experiment to see whether hunger makes mice run faster through a maze. She randomly assigns 25 mice to a control group or experimental group. Which cannot be the confounding variable? A)When the experiment takes place B)How fast the mice are before the race C)The population from which she selected the mice D)How hungry the mice were before the experiment

C

Dr. Mason is studying people's lasting and lifelong inner traits. Dr. Mason is most likely a(n): A)psychiatrist B)clinical psychologist C)personality psychologist D)industrial/organizational psychologist

C

During an action potential, the electrical state of the axon becomes: A)polarized, as negatively charged ions are admitted B)depolarized, as positively charged ions are admitted C)depolarized, as negatively charged ions are admitted D)polarized, as positively charged ions are admitted

C

Gender refers to: A)the extent to which one exhibits traditionally male or female traits B)the biological and social definition of male and female C)the biological definition of male and female D)one's sense of being male or female

C

If a difference between two samples is not statistically significant, which of the following can be concluded? A)The difference is probably not reliable B)The difference is probably not a true one C)All three can be concluded D)The difference could be due to sampling variation

C

If shoe size and IQ are negatively correlated, which of the following is true? A)People with large feet tend to have high IQs B)People with small feet tend to have low IQs C)People with small feet tend to have high IQs D)IQ is unpredictable based on a person's shoe size

C

In an experiment, Grace is going to investigate how alcohol affects aggression. The number of alcoholic drinks the subject has is called the: A)dependent variable B)experimental variable C)independent variable D)controlled variable

C

Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of the head. it is likely that she injured her: A)thalamus B)medulla oblongata C)cerebellum D)hypothalamus

C

One of the best ways to distinguish how much genetic and environmental factors affect behavior is to compare children who have: A)similar genes and environments B)different genes and environments C)the same genes but different environments D)the same genes and environments

C

Professor Schwartz is conducting an experiment on the effects of chalk dust on memory retention. Two groups are given the same memory test. Participants in Group A are exposed to chalk dust for 30 minutes a day, while those in Group B are not exposed to chalk dust at all. Identify the dependent variable in Professor Schwartz's study. A)the amount of time between exposures B)ability to form mnemonics C)memory retention D)the length of time subjects were exposed to chalk dust E)exposure to chalk dust

C

Savannah has just completed running a marathon. She is so elated that she feels little fatigue or discomfort. Her lack of pain is probably due to the release of: A)norpinephrine B)ACh C)endorphins D)dopamine

C

The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. This tissue is: A)an endorphin B)aceytlcholine C)myelin sheath D)dopamine

C

The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brain's usage of glucose is called (in abbreviated form) A)EEG B)fMRI C)PET scan D)MRI

C

The heritabiity of a trait will be largest among genetically ____________________ individuals who grew up in ______________________ environments. A)dissimilar; similar B)similar; dissimilar C)similar; similar D)dissimilar; dissimilar

C

The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres and that have been severed in split-brain patients form a structure called the A)association areas B)reticular formation C)corpus callosum D)parietal lobes

C

The set of scores that would likely be most representative of the population from which it was drawn would be a sample with a relatively: A)low standard deviation B)small range C)large range D)high standard deviation

C

Though there is no single "control center" for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the: A)reticular formation B)cerebellum C)limbic system

C

To say that heritability of a trait is approximately 50 percent means that: A)the trait's appearance in a person will reflect approximately equal genetic contributions from both parents B)genes are responsible for 50 percent of the trait in an individual, and the environment is responsible for the rest C)of the variation in the trait within a group of people, 50 percent can be attributed to genes

C

When the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another (such as heredity), we say there is a(n) ___________ between the two factors. A)positive correlation B)negative correlation C)interaction D)norm

C

Which of the following psychologists is also a physician and must be licensed as such? A)experimental psychologist B)biological psychologist C)psychiatrist D)clinical psychologist

C

r. Kildaire investigates how each person's interpretation of a situation affects his or her reaction. Evidently, Dr. Kildaire is working from the _________________________ perspective. A)cognitive B)behavioral C)social-cultural D)neuroscience

C

A researcher was interested in determining whether her students' test performance could be predicted from their proximity to the front of the classroom. So she matched her students' scores on a math test with their seating position. This study is an example of: A)a survey B)naturalistic observation C)experimentation D)correlational research

D

A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork into her right hemisphere. She will be able to: A)identify a knife using either hand B)identify a knife using her right hand C)identify a fork using either hand D)identify the fork using her left hand

D

Dr. Cho is concerned that his body language might influence the outcome of his experiment. Which of the following methods should Dr. Cho use to ensure that he will not impact the results of the study? A)survey method B)single-blind study C)case study method D)double-blind study E)sampling size

D

Dr. Hernandez is studying neurotransmitter abnormalities in depressed patients. She would most likely describe herself as a: A)personality psychologist B)psychoanalyst C)phrenologist D)biological psychologist

D

Dr. Johnson's research centers on the relationship between changes in our thinking over the lifespan and the changes in moral reasoning. Dr. Johnson is most likely a: A)psychiatrist B)personality psychologist C)clinical psychologist D)developmental psychologist

D

Heartbeat, digestion, and all other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the: A)arithmetic reasoning B)learned voluntary movements C)language D)visual and spatial tasks

D

Heartbeat, digestion, and all other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the: A)somatic nervous system B)voluntary nervous system C)sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system D)autonomic nervous system

D

If eating saturated fat and the likelihood of contracting cancer are positively correlated, which of the following is true? A)A separate factor links the consumption of saturated fat to cancer B)People who are prone to develop cancer prefer foods containing saturated fat C)Saturated fat causes cancer D)None of these is necessarily true

D

Illusory correlation refers to: A)the perception that two negatively correlated variables are positively correlated B)a correlation that equals -1.0an C) insignificant correlation D) the perception of a correlation where there is none

D

In its earliest days, psychology was defined as: A)scientific study of behavior and mental processes B)scientific study of observable behavior C)study of conscious and unconscious activity D)the science of mental life

D

Maslow and Rogers are most closely identified with: A)psychodynamic theories B)cognitive psychology C)behaviorism D)humanistic psychology

D

Professor Parks, who subscribes to the theory that human memories are best understood as being jointly determined by how the body and brain create sensory experiences, is evidently a supporter of the: A)psychodynamic approach B)evolutionary approach C)biopsychosocial approach D)neuroscience approach

D

Psychology is defined as the "scientific study of behavior and mental processes." Wilhelm Wundt would have left out which of the following words from this definition? A)and mental processes B)Wundt would have agreed with it all C)scientific study D)behavior and

D

Several studies of long-separated identical twins have found that these twins: A)are no more similar that are fraternal twins reared apart B)have little in common, due to the different environments in which they were raised C)have similar personalities, but very different likes, dislikes and lifestyles D)have many similarities, in everything from medical histories to personalities

D

The biopsychosocial approach of psychology emphasizes the importance of: A)pure research over basic research B)basic research over pure research C)having a single academic perspective to guide research D)different levels of analysis in exploring behavior and mental processes

D

The graph above is most commonly associated with which of the following? A)Poisson distribution B)binomial distribution C)The degree of symmetry in a distribution D)normal distribution

D

The scientific attitude of skepticism is based on the belief that: A)mental processes cannot be studied objectively B)the scientist's intuition about behavior is usually correct C)people are rarely candid in revealing their thoughts D)ideas need to be tested against observable evidence

D

The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called: A)a PET scan B)a lesion C)the EEG D)MRI

D

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex? A)interneuron > sensory neuron > motor neuron B)sensory neuron > interneuron > sensory neuron C)interneuron > motor neuron > sensory neuron D)sensory neuron > interneuron > motor neuron

D

Which of the following are/is governed by the simplest neural pathways? A)movements, such as walking B)emotions C)physiological drives, such as hunger D)reflexes

D

Which of the following is typically controlled by the left hemisphere? A)perceptual skills B)spatial reasoning C)the left side of the body D)verbal ability

D

Which philosopher believed that some ideas are innate, or inborn? A)Descartes B)Locke C)Plato D)Socrates

D

Which subfield of psychology would focus and study how a stroke could affect the functions of certain parts of the brain? A)educational psychology B)community psychology C)cognitive psychology D)biological psychology E)psychometrics

D

Who would most likely agree with the following statement..."Psychology is the science of mental life." A)virtually any American psychologist during the 1960s B)John Watson C)Ivan Pavlov D)Wilhelm Wundt

D

The origins of psychology can be traced to: A)botany and kinesiology B)working to reach one's potential C)speculation and hindsight D)the unconscious mind E)philosophy and biology

E