AP Psych 5 Steps to a 5 Chapter 3 The Brain

An MRI involves: (A) Passing nonharmful radio frequencies through the brain to study brain structure (B) Injecting a slightly radioactive solution into the bloodstream to measure the amount absorbed by the brain (C) Mapping the brain's activity by having the patient complete cognitive tasks (D) Following brain images to get an exact measurement of brain size, capacity, and abilities (E) Testing patients' brain damage after severe brain injuries

(A) An MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, involves passing nonharmful radio frequencies through the brain. A PET scan, or positron emis

Which part of the brain is responsible for combining sounds into words and arranging words into meaningful sentences? (A) Broca's area (B) Wernicke's area (C) Hypothalamus (D) Hippocampus (E) Medulla

(A) Th e Broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe. It is necessary for combining sounds into words and arranging words into meaningful sentences. Wernicke's area plays a role in understanding speech. Th e hypothalamus is part of the limbic system and regulates motivational and emotional behavior. Th e hippocampus is involved in transferring fl eeting memories into permanent storage. Th e medulla is responsible for heart rate and blood pressure.

Wernicke's area is located on which lobe of the brain? (A) Left temporal lobe (B) Right temporal lobe (C) Left occipital lobe (D) Right occipital lobe (E) Left frontal lobe

(A) Th e Wernicke's area is located in the left temporal lobe. Th is area plays a role in understanding speech

Th e main job of the thalamus is: (A) Receiving sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate area (B) Processing sensory information about touch, pain, and temperature (C) Regulating motivational and emotional behavior (D) Coordinating movements and timed motor responses (E) Controlling all auditory functions of the brain

(A) Th e thalamus is often referred to as the "switchboard" of the brain. All sensory information that enters the brain goes through the thalamus. It is the job of the thalamus to relay the information to the appropriate region of the brain.

As a result of her car accident, Mimi suff ered damage to her Broca's area of the brain. What symptoms will she suff er as a result? (A) Inability to see color (B) Inability to speak in fl uent sentences (C) Inability to walk (D) Inability to remember short term (E) Inability to remember long term

(B) Damage to the Broca's area will result in Broca's aphasia, which means a person cannot speak in fl uent sentences but can understand written and spoken words.

Which part of the brain is aff ected during a split-brain operation? (A) Cerebellum (B) Corpus callosum (C) Cerebrum (D) Medulla (E) Pons

(B) Th e corpus callosum is a wide band of fi bers that connect the left and the right hemispheres of the brain. It has 200 million neural fi bers that allow information to pass back and forth between the hemispheres. It was believed that by cutting the corpus callosum, in what was known as a "split-brain" operation, people suff ering from epilepsy could decrease the number of seizures they had.

Maddie is walking down a dark alley by herself late at night. She automatically turns her head to the left when she hears a strange noise. What part of the brain is she using? (A) Hindbrain (B) Midbrain (C) Forebrain (D) Somatosensory cortex (E) Motor cortex

(B) Th e midbrain is involved in visual and auditory refl exes, such as automatically turning your head toward a noise. Th e hindbrain has three distinct structures: the pons, the medulla, and the cerebellum. Th e forebrain is responsible for a large number of functions, including learning and memory. Th e motor cortex is involved in the initiation of all voluntary movements.

If damage occurs to the occipital lobe, an individual could fail to recognize some objects, persons, or color. Th is damage is called: (A) Visual aphasia (B) Visual agnosia (C) Neglect syndrome (D) Occipital agnosia (E) Temporal aphasia

(B) Th e occipital lobe is critical for recognizing objects. Damage to this area results in diffi culties of recognition, a condition called visual agnosia. In visual agnosia the individual fails to recognize some object, person, or color, yet has the ability to see and describe parts of some visual stimuli

A "split-brain" patient is asked to stare at a black dot between the HE and ART as the word HEART is displayed on a screen. When asked what she sees, what will the patient do? (A) Th e patient will say she sees the word HE. (B) Th e patient will say she sees the word ART. (C) Th e patient will point to the word ART. (D) Th e patient will say the word HEART. (E) Th e patient will only see a black dot.

(B) Th e patient will be able to say she saw the word ART because it was projected to the left hemisphere, which has the ability to control speech. Although the patient's right hemisphere saw the word HE, the right hemisphere turns out to be mute, meaning that it cannot say what it saw. However, the patient can point with her left hand to a photo of HE, indicating the right hemisphere understood the question.

Which of the following is not controlled by the hypothalamus? (A) Sex (B) Eating and drinking (C) Balance and coordination (D) Motivation (E) Emotion

(C) Balance and coordination are controlled by the cerebellum. All of the other choices are controlled by the hypothalamus

An EEG records: (A) Direct electrical stimulation of the brain (B) Th e number of neurons in the brain (C) Electrical impulses from the brain (D) Chemical activity in specifi c areas of the brain (E) Stimulation of the frontal lobe

(C) By measuring electrical impulses, an EEG (electro-encephalogram) can detect epileptic seizures, covert processing, seizure disorders, and sleep disorders.

Emma is telling her younger sister stories about her fi rst Christmas in their new home. Which part of the brain is Emma using to recall these memories? (A) Hypothalamus (B) Th alamus (C) Amygdala (D) Hippocampus (E) Medulla

(C) Th e amygdala is involved in forming, recognizing, and remembering emotional experiences, unlike the hippocampus, which is responsible for transferring fl eeting memories into permanent storage.

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in: (A) Respiratory failure (B) Heart failure (C) Loss of muscular coordination (D) Loss of hearing (E) Loss of memory

(C) Th e cerebellum is a region of the hindbrain that is involved in motor control and coordinating movements. Damage to this region would therefore cause loss of muscular coordination.

Which of the following is not part of the limbic system? (A) Hypothalamus (B) Th alamus (C) Cerebellum (D) Amygdala (E) Hippocampus

(C) Th e limbic system is a group of structures in the forebrain that are involved in motivational behavior. Th e four structures that make up th

Th e pons is located between the medulla and other brain areas. It is responsible for which of the following? (A) Motor coordination (B) Seeing and hearing (C) Sleep and arousal (D) Balance (E) Emotional reactions

(C) Th e pons is a bridge that connects the spinal cord to the brain. Cells in the pons manufacture chemicals involved in sleep.

Bodily sensations such as touch, pressure, and temperature are controlled in which area of the brain? (A) Occipital lobe (B) Temporal lobe (C) Frontal lobe (D) Parietal lobe (E) Motor lobe

(D) Th e parietal lobe is located directly behind the frontal lobe. Its functions include processing sensory information from the body parts, which includes touching, locating limb positions, and feeling temperature. Th e occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information. Th e temporal lobe is responsible for processing auditory information. Th e frontal lobe is responsible for interpreting and performing emotional behavior, behaving normally in social situations, and maintaining a healthy personality.

When humans suff er damage to this part of the brain, there can be a lapse into a permanent state of unconsciousness. (A) Temporal lobe (B) Parietal lobe (C) Frontal lobe (D) Cerebrum (E) Reticular formation

(E) Th e reticular formation arouses and alerts the forebrain and prepares it to receive information from all other senses. Damage to this location can cause permanent unconsciousness. Damage to the temporal lobe can cause speech and language issues. Damage to the frontal lobe can cause motivational and emotional issues. Damage to the parietal lobe can cause sensory motor issues.

Knowing what you are touching or how hot to make the water for your shower involves which of these areas of the brain? (A) Temporal lobe (B) Motor cortex (C) Cerebrum (D) Frontal lobe (E) Somatosensory cortex

(E) Th e somatosensory cortex is a narrow strip of the cortex that is located at the front edge of the parietal lobe. It processes sensory information about touch, location of limbs, pain, and temperature.

Th e limbic system is responsible for (A) Th e control of hunger, thirst, and sex (B) Breathing regulations (C) Balance and coordination (D) Speech (E) Language

A) Th e limbic system is a group of about half a dozen interconnected structures in the core of the forebrain that are involved in many motivational behaviors, such as eating, drinking, and sexual desire. Breathing regulations are controlled by the medulla. Th e cerebellum controls balance and coordination. Various regions in the left hemisphere of the brain control speech and language.

Dylan has recovered from extensive injury to his left cerebral hemisphere and has continued his career. His occupation is most likely: (A) Accountant (B) English teacher (C) Journalist (D) Lawyer (E) Graphic artist

E) Choice (E) is the only career that needs some amount of creativity, which is controlled by the right hemisphere. Th e other choices are all careers that need strong language, logical reasoning, and writing skills. Th e left hemisphere controls these skills. Damage to the left hemisphere would make those careers diffi cult.