AP Psych: Chapter 1 MC Test Study Guide

Of the following, an evolutionary psychologist will most likely investigate the

reason why many people have an innate fear of the dark

Which of the following approaches to psychology emphasizes observable responses over inner experiences when accounting for behavior?

Behaviorist

Which of the following accurately describes a major change in perspective in the field of developmental psychology over the past twenty-five years?

A shift from an emphasis on childhood and adolescence to an interest in development over the life span

Which of the following characterizes a behavioral approach to psychology?

A study of how reinforcement affects learning

Which of the following studies is from an evolutionary perspective?

A study to see if women were more attracted to men who liked children than men who did not like children

According to one theory of psychology, many people have mental illnesses because their maladaptive behaviors have proven rewarding for them in the past and thus have been continued. This belief is consistent with which of the following models?

Behavioral

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

Behaviorism

Although Paul seems bright and capable to his parents and friends, he has been failing in school. Paul agrees to speak with a psychologist, who suggests that his problems stem from internal processes such as unrealistic expectations and negative thinking. The psychologist's view is typical of which of the following models of behavior?

Cognitive

Which theoretical perspective in psychology attempts to characterize the way in which humans store and process sensory information?

Cognitive

Ivan Pavlov was most well known for which of the following?

Conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell

Which of the following would an industrial-organizational psychologist be LEAST likely to study?

Corporate profitability

Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?

Describing one's immediate sensations while looking at a rose

Research on human mating preferences suggests that men place greater value on physical attractiveness and youthfulness, whereas women place greater value on social status and financial resources. Which of the following psychological points of view best explains this behavior?

Evolutionary

The claim that a whole is different from the sum of its parts is central to which of the following schools of thought?

Gestalt psychology

Which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized?

Humanistic

What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present? 1. Behaviorism 2. Psychoanalysis 3. Structuralism 4. Humanism

III, II, I, IV

Martha is an undergraduate student who is interested in pursuing a career in psychology. She wants to use her knowledge of psychology to help employees become more productive in the workplace. Which field of psychology should Martha select in graduate school?

Industrial-organizational

Leadership, job satisfaction, and employee motivation are all studied in which of the following psychological disciplines?

Industrial-organizational psychology

What field of psychology is most appropriate to analyze the efficiency of businesses in their hiring, basic training, and management leadership skills training?

Industrial/organizational

In the early years of psychology, a research participant might have been asked to observe carefully and systematically his conscious experiences. What method would the participant be using?

Introspection

Which of the following statements is true of behaviorism?

It holds that development is largely a product of learning.

In their discussions of the process of development, the advocates of nature in the nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following?

Maturation

. Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with understanding which of the following?

Perception

Of the following topics, which would a cognitive psychologist be most likely to study?

Problem-solving strategies in chess

The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Psychoanalytic

The first area of psychology to be studied as a science is known as

psychophysics

A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who

appear fertile

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of

conscious experience

The debate over whether development occurs gradually, without discernible shifts, or through a series of distinct stages is termed

continuity vs. discontinuity

One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it

did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings

An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the

effectiveness of management training

Of the following, a behavioral psychologist is most likely to study the

effects of token economies on establishing social skills among children with emotional disturbances

Cognitive theorists emphasize the

formation and modification of schemas

An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of

free will

In psychology, Gestalt principles are used to explain

perceptual organization

In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's

problem-solving strategies

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

self-examination of mental processes

An evolutionary psychologist would explain that humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for

survival

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving