AP Psych Chapters 3 and 9 multiple choice quiz review

Information is relayed to the spinal cord or the brain by-

afferent neurons

Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?

Acetylcholine

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

A child reading a book points to a picture on the page and calls to his mother in another room and says, "Mommy, who's in this picture?" He expects that she will know what he is pointing at, even though she cannot see it. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this example?

Egocentrism

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

Endocrine

After an electrode implanted in a cat's brain stimulates the cat's amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?

Immediately withdraw in fear

In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity?

Positron-emission tomography (PET)

Egocentrism, animism, and artificialism are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Preoperational

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

Reticular formation

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

Simple spatial reasoning

Which of the following biological systems is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?

The sympathetic nervous system

Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?

The terminal buttons

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called-

a dendrite

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side ofthe face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find-

an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

Activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system results in-

an increase in respiratory rate

Five-year-old Mary watches while her teacher pours equal amounts of water into two similar glasses. The liquid from one of the glasses is then poured into a tall, thin container, and Mary is asked which contains more—the original glass or the tall, thin container. She says the tall, thin container contains more liquid. According to Jean Piaget, this example illustrates a lack of-

conservation

During a psychology experiment, a researcher uses a probe to lesion the ventromedial nucleus of a rat's hypothalamus. After the procedure the rat most likely will-

eat more and gain weight

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called-

electroencephalography (EEG)

Konrad Lorenz found that shortly after a gosling is born, it tends to follow the first large moving object it sees. That is an example of-

imprinting

Brain lateralization refers to the-

inclination for certain cognitive processes to be specialized to one hemisphere of the brain or the other

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the-

left cerebral hemisphere

People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to-

make and carry out plans

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the-

sympathetic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in-

digesting food

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to-

absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron

Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig's father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig's new way of thinking about nests is an example of-

accommodation

Little Andrea has just learned that robins are birds. She now sees a sparrow, points to it, and calls out "Bird!" According to Jean Piaget, Andrea is showing the cognitive process of-

assimilation

Difficulty in typing smoothly on a keyboard would most likely result from damage to the-

cerebellum

In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to-

express happiness when the mother returned to the room

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the neuron after it fires is called-

reuptake

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

According to Diana Baumrind, which of the following is a parenting style that, among children raised in the United States, is most closely associated with the development of self-reliance and confidence?

Authoritative

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

Epilepsy

Shaquille is 25 years old and is actively dating in order to find someone to settle down with. Which of the following theorists would best be able to explain Shaquille's behavior?

Erik Erikson

A nine-year-old girl first learning about her capabilities on the playground and in the classroom would be in which of Erikson's stage of development?

Industry vs. Inferiority

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty-

comprehending a spoken request for information

The results of Harry Harlow's experiments with infant monkeys and surrogate mothers show that-

contact comfort was the primary basis of attachment for the infant monkeys

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all-

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

When ten-month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight, she looks to see where it falls. Developmental psychologists would say that Frances' behavior indicates that she has developed-

object permanence

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the-

right visual cortex

Alexandra wants to test her new baby's Babinski reflex. To elicit the appropriate response, Alexandra will have to-

stroke the sole of her baby's foot

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as-

the absolute refractory phase

During neuronal firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is-

the myelin sheath

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as-

the refractory period

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a-

visual deficit