AP Psych Midterm Review 24-25

Initially, intelligence quotients were calculated on the basis of a person's mental and chronological ages. Using that approach, a person with a mental age of 12 and an intelligence score of 120 would have a chronological age of

10

Word recall

Dr. Trenton conducted a study to determine whether a massed practice or distributed practice produced better academic outcome. What was the dependent variable in this research project?

Cerebellum

During the high wire act, Grace walks along a rope suspended 3o feet about the circus floor. Which of the following is most involved in helping Grace coordinate her movements and maintain her balance during the performance?

Sleep apnea

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

The participants had difficulty repeating the story because the details didn't fit with their cultural schema.

In a groundbreaking study, a researcher shares a translation of an American indian folk tale with middle class british participants, Later, the participants were asked to repeat the story.

levels of processing

In a memory study, the experimenter reads the same list of words to two groups. She asks group A to count the letters in each wor, and she asks group B to focus on the meaning of each word for a later memory quiz. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more words than participants in group A. Memory researchers attribute. thus effect to differences in

It is correlated with dreaming

In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep.

State dependent memory

In an experiment, either a sad or happy video was shown to participants to influence their moods. The results of this experiment, best illustrate which psychological concept?

Epilepsy

In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment of which of the following conditions.

Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus?

It relays most sensory signals to the cortex

Recency effect

Jalil goes to a party where he meets several new people. When he tells his brother about it the next day, he can only remember the names of the last 3 people that he met. Which of the following memory concepts best describes Jalil's memory for the names of the people at the party?

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates context-dependent memory?

Jeanette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies.

the availability heuristic

Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola than tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim's fear would most likely be attributed to

source amnesia

Joe's best friend Liz says. "I heard the best joke from my sister" and then proceeds to tell Joe the joke that he had told her last week. Liz is most likely experiencing

Phonological loop

Josie was given a password by her teacher. To remember the password, she repeated it in her mind multiple times until she types it into her login screen a few moments later. Which of the following concepts was at work?

Algorithm

Kathy is learning how to cook. She follows every direction on each recipe step by step to make sure her food tastes good. Which of the following describes the problem solving approach that Kathy is using.

Sensory adapatation

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following?

top down processing

Luz, a math major, sees the drawing above as a Venn diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees it as two circles. The difference in perception is an example of

the sunk cost fallacy

Maeve wants to changed her college major but has decided not to because she is close to finishing. She believes that the time she has spent in her current program will be wasted if she changes now. Maeve is experiencing

Case Study

Mark and Matt are twins. A psychologist studies Mark and Matt from their birth until their 25th birthday, The psychologists gathers data about their likes and dislikes, extracurricular activities, school successes, and doctor visits. The psychologist is interested in the interaction of nature and nurture on their development, Which of the following research methods is the psychologist using to study Mark and Matt.

heuristics

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that help solve problems are reduce mental effort are called

Ms. Reagan, who is a teacher, agrees more with theories of multiple intelligences than theories about g. Which of the following scenarios would she most agree with?

Ms. Reagan thinks that her students exhibit more than one type of intelligences. For example, she notices her student Noel plays well with others as well as alone.

Professor DuVall teaches two classes of psychology. For Class Y, their first quiz consisted of multiple-choice questions. Class Z's first quiz covered the same material, but the questions required that students write a short answer for each question. Professor DuVall compared the scores for Class Y and Class Z and found that the mean score for Class Y was 76%, while the mean score for Class Z was 89%. In terms of memory retrieval processes, which of the following is consistent with this outcome?

Recall led to higher scores that recognition on this quiz

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

Recalling the equation to determine the volume of a cylinder

A devoted young father reads a news report that claims that many people believe men are not as intelligent in how to properly care for their children. The young father has plan to care for his child that day. Which of the following can be predicted about his performance as a caretaker based on the concept of stereotype threat?

The father will experience increased anxiety and make mistakes as a caretaker.

the tip of the tongue phenomenon

The feeling that you know someone's name, but cannot quite recall it, is an example of

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that represent which of the following?

in the middle of the list

It can be assumed that an individual described as a super taster

is very sensitive to hot peppers.

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

limited in capacity

Henry took an intelligence test and scored lower than he thought he should. He kept retaking the test, but he kept getting about the same score each time. This series of events indicates that the test was

reliable

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study which of the following?

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

Metacognition refers to

thinking about thinking

A researcher tested his memory using combinations of three-letter nonsense syllables. Which of the following graphs best represents his findings about the relationship between forgetting and time?

A (the one that looks like a backwards L)

the misinformation effect

A few people witness an assault. Before the police arrive, one witness confidently tells the others that the assailant was wearing a green shirt, though in fact the shirt was blue. Later, when the police interview each witness individually, almost all of them state that they remember a green shirt, The memory is referred to as

a positive correlation

A research group conducted a study investigating the connection between self reported number of hours slept in a given week and scores on a happiness measure. Based on the scatterplot above, the group can report that there is

An experiment

A researcher is exploring the effectiveness of a new drug that works as an agonist to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. A research design involves two randomly assigned groups of participants, One group receives a one time treatment, and the other does not. Later, the two groups are compared to see whether the treatment had an effect. Psychologists call this kind of research which of the following?

a double-blind design

A researcher is studying the effect of caffeinated drinks on the activity level of ten year old children. Half of the children in the study drank caffeinated soda, and half drank non caffeinated soda. Neither the research team nor the children knew which drinks had caffeine and which drinks did not. The researchers were using

Procedural

A sudden inability to remember how to tie a certain kind of knot indicates a deficit in which kind of memory?

divergent thinking

A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brink as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying

an aptitude test

A test that measures a students potential ability is

A decrease in heart rate

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

opponeny-process theory

After Sharon stares at a patch of saturated green color for a brief period of time, she looks at a white surface and sees a red patch color. This perceptual phenomenon is best explained by

anterograde amnesia

After having a stroke resulting from a blockage of blood to the medial temporal lobe, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he has just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing

infantile amnesia

Although she has not sustained any injuries, Riley cannot remember anything before the age of three. She is most likely experiencing

alcohol tolerance

An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amount to achieve the state of well being attained in the oast, This individual is showing

selective attention

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

Episodic

An individual's ability to remember the day he or she first swam the length of a swimming pool is most clearly an example of which of the following kinds of memory?

Malia is 10 years of age, and her grandmother, Anna Rosa, is 60 years old, Which statement is likely to be true concerning their sleep patterns?

Anna Rose sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does.

Dr. Handler conducted research to explore the extent to which hearing acuity changes with age, She tested the absolute threshold for hearing in 10 subjects of various ages. The results are presented in the table. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the data presented in the table?

As age increases, the ability the detect higher pitched sounds tends to decrease.

There is a positive relationship between the use of metacognitive practices and score on the test.

At the end of each class period, Professor Dodgson asks each student to write on a notecard which concepts from the class period they understood, which ones they didn't understand, and a plan for how they will approach learning any confusing concepts. This is not a required activity, but Professor Dodgson collects the cards and records which students complete them. The figure depicts student scores on the most recent test, along with how many notecards (out of 20) each student completed. Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the data depicted in the graph?

Hindsight bias

Bailey and Marcus packed everything they thought they would need for a weekend camping trip. When it rained and they realized they had not brought rain gear, Bailey said "I knew we should have packed raincoats!" Bailey's thinking illustrates which of the following concepts?

Encoding

Barclay is excited about all they will learn in AP Psychology when school starts next week, According to the multi store model of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves which of the following

The more genetically related people are, the more similar their intelligence scores.

Based on the bar graph, which of the following conclusions is most accurate.

The number of top artists producing their most well known work peaks at an age in the late thirties and then gradually declines

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body.

Sympathetic nervous system

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking towards him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of which of the following?

episodic memory

Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of

some depth perception is lost

Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over one eye primarily because

Cerebral cortex

Darnell is trying to decide which college to attend, Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision making.

The parasympathetic nervous system

Darrin is watching a horror movie, When the evil main character makes a surprise appearance, Darrin jumps out of his heat, his heart accelerates, and he screams. Which of the following pathways most directly contributes to his ability to calm down after this startle response.

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production.

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

Which of the following statements best describes the placebo effect?

Dr. Kennedy observed that if people expected a treatment to work, it would, even if the patient received a fake treatment.

Intelligence tests have been used throughout history to purposefully discriminate against groups of people. Claims that minority groups have lower IQ scores because of genetic factors fail to consider which of the following?

IQ test scores are dependent on social factors such as educational opportunity and poverty.

Inattentional blindness

Observers watch a group of people passing a basketball back and forth. A researcher asks the observers to count the number of passes made. As they count passes, many of the boservers fail to notice a person in a gorilla costume walking through the basketball court. Which of the following is the most likely reason many of the observers do not notice the person in the gorilla costume.

Melatonin

Paolo has jet lag after flying from his home country of Italy to New York in the US. He is feeling tired and irritable because hus circadian rhythm is disrupted. Which of the following hormones is most closely associated with the sleep cycle?

framing

People respond more favorably when they are faced with a 95 percent success rate than a 5 percent failure rate because of

cones

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with understanding which of the following?

Perception

They want to be able to replicate the experiment.

Petra, a graduate student, studies creativity, and she is frustrated that several studies in her field do not have precise operational definitions for creativity or divergent thinking, It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions for which of the following reasons?

highly superior autobiographical memory

Ricardo can remember the phone numbers of all his childhood friends correctly. Ricardo probably has which of the following

Working memory

Robyn finds a computer repair service online. She silently repeats the phone number in her mind until she locates her phone to call the repair service. Which memory system is most useful for Robyn in this scenario?

shallow processing

Studying by focusing on the facts and not the meaning of information that has to be remembered involves

Intelligence test scores based on 1990 standards. The data shown in the above graph depict which of the following?

The Flynn effect

Gestalt principles of closure

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

Nature versus nurture

The argument over the relative contributions of heredity and environment in the development of various behaviors and personality traits is known as which of the following controversies?

digesting food

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

plasticity

The brain's ability to adapt after it is damaged is known as

frequency

The perceived pitch of a tone is largeñy determined by its

transduction

The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called

Holly asks her brother to turn up the music he is playing so she can hear it better. he turns it up one level, and >Holly asks him why he. didn't turn up the music like she asked. Which of the following concepts explains why Holly did not think her brother turned up the music?

The volume had not yet reached the just-noticeable difference threshold.

When rehearsal of incoming information is prevented, which of the following will most likely occur?

There will be no transfer of the information to long term memory

Proactive inteference

Throughout January and the beginning of February, the first two months of a calendar year, Allison writes the previous year as the date on all her assignments instead of the current year. Allisons tendency to write the wrong year on her assignments is most likely due to which of the following?

Semantic encoding

To help himself remember the name of his new colleague, Hope, Jose thinks about the meaning of her name-the feeling of hopefulness. Which of the following concepts best corresponds to Jose's strategy?

the method of loci

Una is able to remember a list of items she must buy by creating visual images of the items in various spots in her dorm room. The technique Uma is using is called

the cocktail party effect

What a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word "exactly". Zach's response an example of

Circadian rhythm

When Alexus traveled to another country, she experienced jet lag and had trouble adjusting to the new time zone. Alexus' experience is most likely linked to which of the following concepts.

Which of the following best describes the primary effect?

When people have better recall of things that occur at the beginning of a sequence

Sensory interaction

When rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste.

an algorithm

When trying to solve a problem, Bret uses a logical, step by step formula called

Hippocampus

Which area of the brain is not well developed until after three years of age, offering a possible explanation for infantile amnesia.

Parasympathetic nervous system

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is described by the function listed in Part B of the table?

Perceptual set

Which of the following concepts best explains why Peyton and Breonna has very different observations at the picnic.

Sending and receiving sensory and motor signals

Which of the following is a primary function of the nervous system depicted in the figure?

6

Which of the following is the median score

Test scores on the class material

Which of the following is the operational definition of the dependent variable?

Frequency, Place

Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?

The difficulty many people have recaling the details of common objects such as pennies can best be explained by

a lack of encoding

Average IQ scores have increased steadily over the past 100 years. It has been argued that this effect is most likely due to

an increase in the average number of years in school