ap psych unit 3

59. Which of the following is true about the blind spot in the eye?

area of the retina where there are no rods nor cones

33. Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

attention switches rapidly

29. A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing in depth?

binocular vision

30. Photoreceptors relay visual information to the brain through which of the following cells?

bipolar cells

53. When struck by light energy, cones and rods in the retina generate neural signals that then activate the

bipolar cells

60. Which of the following is true regarding visual information processing?

bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve

12. The Gestalt principle that refers to an individual's tendency to perceive an incomplete figure as whole is called

closure

49. Ernst Weber's and Gustav Fechner's psychophysical laws concern the relation between which of the following?

intensing of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation

13. Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT

spicy

9. The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called

transduction

37. Scott lost his vision at a young age. When he was much older, he received a corneal transplant that allowed him to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, he had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. His visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the

visual cortex

36. Receptors for olfaction are located

within a small area in the back of the nasal cavity

8. People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

cones

1. One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely

an inborn taste to protect us from poison

52. The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's

absolute threshold

7. The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

accomodation

58. Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?

after images

16. The tendency of most people to identify a three-sided figure as a triangle, even when one of its sides is incomplete, is the result of a perceptual process known as

closure

42. The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the

cochlea

17. A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's

difference threshold

4. While attending a concert, Anthony finds that he can clearly recognize the melody coming from the lead violin above all the other instruments playing in the orchestra, even though the other instruments may be louder. Gestalt psychologists would explain Anthony's ability using the principle of

figure ground

48. Visual acuity is best in the

fovea

28. The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its

frequency

24. Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

gate control theory

6. If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

green

20. John moves to a new job in a large urban area. For the first few days, John is continuously distracted by the sounds of traffic and street noise. By the end of the first week, John barely notices the sounds of the city. Which of the following has occurred?

habituation

21. Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

her cones cannot detect color well in dim light

31. The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?

hue

23. Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the

inner ear

3. Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?

linear perspective

39. A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

location of the source

45. All summer Thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following?

lower absolute threshold for hearing than oscar

54. When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called

motion parallex

11. Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?

occipital cortex

41. The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT

olfaction

44. After staring at a green, black, and orange "American flag" for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white, and blue flag afterimage. Which of the following explains this phenomenon?

opponent process theory

32. The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the

optic disk

27. People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that

people develop perceptual hypothesis based on experiences in their lives

38. In visual perception, size constancy occurs as an object comes closer to the viewer because the

perceived distance of the objects becomes smaller

2. Alice is shopping with her daughter when she hears the word "mom." Alice answers, only to realize that the sales clerk said "ma'am" to a customer. This inaccurate perception can be attributed to

perceptual constancy

50. When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place, the effect is referred to as

phi phenomenon

10. Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerves

25. The most common form of color blindness is related to deficiencies in the

red-green

18. In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are

responsible for black and white and peripheral vision

19. In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

55. Which of the following describes the correct order of information processing in vision?

rods and cones , bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

15. Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason's friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Jason to hear Brent play at the parade. Which of the following would best allow Jason to hear Brent's trombone?

selective attention

47. Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires

selective attention

5. Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

35. After spending hours in her kitchen preparing dinner, Rebecca no longer notices the strong smell of garlic until her guests arrive and mention the smell. Her failure to notice the smell of garlic illustrates

sensory adaption

40. On his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. This is an example of

sensory adaption

51. When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?

sensory interaction

34. A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that

the brain fills in missing information

61. While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word "exactly." Zach's response is an example of

the cocktail party effect

26. Negative afterimages are explained by

the eyes color receptors

14. Ernest and Josephine Hilgard conducted experiments in which participants had one hand in painfully icy water and the other hand on a button to alert the experimenter of feelings of pain. After the participants were hypnotized to not feel pain, participants did not verbally report feeling pain even though they subconsciously pressed the button to indicate that they felt pain. How did the experimenters explain the contradiction in pain perception?

the participants are experiancing dissassociation

46. Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by

top down processing

22. People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates

top-down processing

43. The fovea has the greatest visual acuity in bright light primarily because the fovea is

where the least amount of incoming light is absorbed by other retinal structures