AP Psych Unit 3
Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?
Broca's area
Natural selection acts
Population
According to opinion polls, how do scientists and nonscientists react differently to the idea of evolution?
There is widespread consensus among scientists that evolution is scientific fact, but half of U.S. adults do not believe in evolution.
Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as
acetylcholine
The most extensive regions of the cerebral cortex, which enable learning and memory, are called the
association areas
The association areas are located in the
cerebral cortex
In transmitting sensory information to the brain, to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the __________ of a single neuron.
dendrites to the cell body to the axon
Which cognitive neuroscience term reflects the idea that "much of our everyday thinking, feeling, and acting operates outside our conscious awareness"?
dual processing
After a car swerved in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even through you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively realize the danger has passed?
endocrine messages tend to outlast the effect of neural messages
The ovaries and females and the test in males are part of the
endocrine system
José has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of
endorphins
In creating more effective treatments for pain, researchers would use which of the following techniques for identifying regions of the brain that handle pain?
functional MRI (fMRI)
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called
genes
Adopted children are more likely to demonstrate levels of agreeableness and extraversion, more similar to that of their biological parents then their adoptive parents. This finding suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by
genes than by the environment
Evolutionary psychologist would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes towards sex to the fact that men have __________ than do women.
greater reproductive potential
Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by
heredity
Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the
hypothalamus
The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the
hypothalamus
Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the
impact of cultural expectations on human sexual behavior
The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called
lateralization
Evolutionary psychologist have suggested that men are __________ likely than women to prefer mates with a fertile-looking appearance and __________ likely than women to prefer mates with wealth and social status.
more; less
The reproductive advantage enjoyed by organisms best suited to a specific environment is known as
natural selection
Because Marla is the first girl and her fourth grade class to sexually mature, she is sometimes tease and rejected by her classmates. Marla's sense of social isolation and embarrassment results from the interaction of
nature and nurture
Dendrites are branching extensions of
neurons
Our adaptive flexibility in responding to different environments contributes to our fitness, which refers to
our ability to survive and reproduce
The somatic nervous system is a component of the ___________ nervous system.
peripheral
A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on
personality traits
The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called
phrenology
The goal of constraint-induced therapy is to
rewire damaged brains by forcing patients to use a nonfunctioning limb
As you are reading this, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain?
sensory
Which part of your brain receives information that you are moving your legs?
sensory cortex
The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called
synapses
Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
thalamus
Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex?
thalamus
Your ability to experience physical sensations is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your
thalamus
An axon is
the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
Researchers use dichotic listening tasks to investigate relight-left differences in an intact brain. In this task a different verbal stimulus is presented simultaneously to each ear. Findings suggest that participants more quickly recall information heard by the right ear. This suggests that
the left hemisphere is dominant in language processing
A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw the patient would be most likely to
verbally report that she saw a boy
Sheelah was able to jerk her hand out of the scalding water before sensing any pain because this withdrawal reflex
was activated by interneurons in her spinal cord