AP Psych Unit 7 Practice Questions

instinct

A genetically programmed action pattern is the ethologist's definition of

basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures

What best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate?

Homeostasis

What concept explains motivation in terms of an organism seeking to maintain its biological equilibrium?

Homeostasis

What concept provides the best explanation for why ppl seek to put on warmer clothing when they start to feel cold?

incentive

What theory proposes that motivational states are controlled by external stimuli?

drive reduction

What theory suggests that a physiological need creates a state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy the need?

area of the hypothalamus

A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the

physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is true?

Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization.

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?

The same physiological response can produce different emotions, depending on the context within which the response occurs and a person's interpretation of that context.

According to Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer's theory of emotion, which of the following is true?

Drive reduction

After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George's home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior?

a drive

Amanda experienced discomfort in class. She put on a sweater when she realized her discomfort was caused by the cold. Her behavior was motivated by

two individuals who are from different cultures that have different display rules for emotion

Based only on the variable described for each of the following pairs of individuals, which individuals are most likely to show different facial expressions when experiencing the same emotion?

The injection of heroin by an addict to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Drive reduction as a motivational concept is best exemplified by which of the following?

Reactions to stress

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain

cultural differences in emotional expression and body language between Japan and Germany

Hans grew up in Germany and later moved to Japan for a job opportunity. Back at home, he never had issues making friends or had interpersonal issues with colleagues at work, but in his new home, Hans is having difficulty interacting with his colleagues. According to psychologists who study how culture influences behavior, his difficulties most likely stem from

drive-reduction theory

Homeostasis is most closely associated with which motivation theory?

Experience of physiological changes

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion?

external stimuli that have the capacity to affect behavior

Incentive theories of motivation explain the desire of people to achieve goals in terms of

Schachter's Two-Factor Theory

Lee is about to skydive for the first time. He interprets his racing heart to be the result of his eager anticipation and excitement. This best represents which theory of emotion?

Leo and Caitlin have an immediate unconscious interpretation of the scenario, which leads them to simultaneously both label their feelings as either positive or negative and have the appropriate physiological response

Leo and Caitlin are both experiencing feelings about their date tonight. Leo has had bad dates lately, and so he feels fear and dejection. Caitlin, meanwhile, has had very good dates, and so she feels excited and happy. According to Richard Lazarus' appraisal theory,

Because it is his job to be courteous to customers, Mark smiled at passengers frequently.

Mark, a flight attendant, began his workday in a bad mood. However, by the end of the day, he felt much happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark's mood?

Schachter two-factor

Melinda went skydiving. As soon as she landed, a handsome man helped her gather her parachute. Melinda's heart was beating quickly and her hands were perspiring. Melinda inferred that she must be attracted to him. Which of the following is a theory of emotion that would best explain the relationship between Melinda's physiological state and her apparent attraction to the man that helped her?

universality of facial expressions across cultures

One of the consistent research findings in the area of facial expressions and emotion is the

vast differences in facial expressions between males and females

One of the consistent research findings in the area of facial expressions and emotion is the

extrinsic motivation

Pam works hard in school bc her parents give her 10 dollars for every A she receives. Pam's parents are attempting to influence her academic efforts by capitalizing on

do nothing additional

Shaniqua is a fourth grader who loves to read whenever she has free time. To encourage Shaniqua to continue to read, her parents would best be advised to

overjustification

Sheila has a favorite book that she enjoys so much she has read it several times. This book is now assigned in her literature class, and students receive gift certificates for each chapter they read. As the class progresses through the book, Sheila finds she enjoys it less. This illustrates

cognitive labels of physiological changes

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer view emotion as resulting from

there is a fast processing path that sends sensory information directly to the amygdala, causing Tahani's initial fear response, and a slower processing path that processes the content of sensory information first, which overrode Tahani's fear response

Tahani is hiking in the woods and sees some movement in the trees. She immediately tenses up. A few moments later, after she realizes that the trees were just rustling in the wind, she calms down. According to Joseph LeDoux, Tahani's reaction is due to the fact that

Yerkes-Dodson law of arousal

The above graph is most closely associated with

Optimal performance is a function of task difficulty and level of arousal.

The graph above supports which of the following statements?

extrinsic motivation

The over justification effect has led some psychologists to question the value of

Miguel jumps on a chair because he thinks he sees something moving along the wall. When he realizes it is just a dust ball, he gets off the chair

Which of the following behaviors best demonstrates an emotional response associated with the short route from the thalamus to the amygdala, as described by Joseph LeDoux?