AP Psychology Ch 4 set 3 (drug-altered consciousness)

Blackouts and Alcohol Myopia

*drinkers unable to remember anything that occurred while they were drinking. *shortsightedness, oblivious to many behavioural cues or make sinse of those cues which leades to poor judgements.

Signs of Substance Abuse

1) developing tolerance, 2) Experiencing withdrawal symptoms, 3) Long periods of use and greater quantities, 4) Persistant desire or effort to cut back, 5) Great deal of time spend using or obtaining, 6) giving up social, occupational, or recreational activities of drug use, 7) Use inpite of physical or psychological problems made worse by use

Four Reasons for Today's "Drug Problem"

1) motives have changed (past-religious/medicines/tonics Today-recreational) 2) drugs have changed (stronger) 3) new snythetic drugs (unpredictable/risky) 4) know about the negative side effects

Self-Hypnosis

A measure of success of hypnosis when someone is instructed to trigger their own hypnotic state of being. (when you pull your ear you'll perform a task better)

Hypnotic Suggestion

A measure of the readiness with which one complies with suggestions offered by others. (easier if individual can be absorbed by reading, music or daydreaming) (not related to trust, gullibility, or submissiveness)

Posthypnotic Commands

A measure of the sucess of hypnosis of whether people respond to instructions such as blocking pain, also called "imaging". (when you feel twinge your pain will stop)

Marijuana

A mild hallucinogen that produces a "high" often characterized by feelings of euphoria, a sense of well-being, and swings in moods from gaiety to relaxation; may also cause feeings of anxiety and paranoia.

Substance Dependence or Addiction

A pattern of compulsive drug taking that results in tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, or other specific symptoms for at least a year.

Substance Abuse and Causes

A pattern of drug use that diminishes one's ability to fulfill responsibilities at home, work, or at school, that resuslts in repeated use of a drug in dangerous situations, or that leads to legal difficulties related to drug use.

Hallucinogens

Any of a number of drugs, such as LSD and mescaline, that distort visual and auditory perception.

Meditation

Any of the various methods of concentration, reflection, or focusing of thoughts undertaken to suppress the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Ecstasy or MDMA

Both a stimulant and mild hallucinogen. It produces a euphoric high and can damage serotonin-producing neurons, which results in a permanent deflation of mood and impairment of memory

Psychoactive Drugs

Chemical substances that change people's moods, perceptions, mental functioning, or behavior.

Placebo

Chemically inactive substance used for comparison with active drugs in experiments on the effects of drugs.

Depressants

Chemicals that slow down behavior or cognitive process.

Binge Drinking

Defined as five or more drinks in a row for men, four or more drinks in a row for women. (problem with college students)

Alcohol

Depressant that is the intoxicating ingredient in whiskey, beer, wine, and other fermented or distilled liquors.

Cocaine

Drug derived from the coca plant that ,while producing a sense of euphoria by stimulating the sympathetic nerbous system, also leads to anziety, depression, and addictive cravings.

Stimulates

Drugs, including amphetamines and cocaine, that stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and produce feelings of optimism and boundless energy.

Oplates

Drugs, such as opium and heroin, derived from the opium poppy, that dull the senses and induce feelings of euphoria, well-being, and relaxtion. Also, synthetic drugs resembling opium derivatives.

Methamphetamine

Easily produced in clandestined laboratories from ingredients available of the counter.(speed, fire, ice, crystal, crank)

Social Factors of Abuse

Family, peers and culture play a significant role in determining drug / alcohol abuse.

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Hallucinogenic or "psychedelic" drug that produces hallucinations and delusions similar to those occuring in a psychotic state.

Caffeine

Most widely used socially acceptable stimulant that is found naturally in coffee, tea, cocoa, and chocolate, and often added to cola drinks or medications.

Tolerance

Phenomenon whereby higher doses of a drug are required to produce its original efects or to prevent withdrawal symptoms.

Anton Mesmer and Hypnosis

Physician who facinated audiences by putting patients into a trance to cure their illnesses. (term mesmerism was then used to describe this trancelike state)

Barbituates

Potentially deadly depressants, first used for their sedative and anticonvulsant proporties, now used only to treat such conditions as epilepsy and arthritis.

Clinical Applicatin of Hypnosis

The use of trance-like state in medical and counceling situations. May be used to block pain, anesthetic, and traditional forms of psychotherapy. (controversial issue)

Amphetamines

Stimulant drugs that initially produce "rushes" of euphoria often followed by sdden "crashes" and, sometimes, severe depression.

Biological Factors of Abuse and Addiction

Studies suggest that people whose biological parents have alcohol-abuse problems are more likely to abuse alcohol. (disease model=alcohol is a medical issue not character issue)

Nicotine

The addictive ingredient in tobacco and probably the most dangeroud and addictive stimulant in use today.

Psychological (Expectation) Factors of Abuse

The effect a psychoactive drug has depends partly on the person's expectations, the social setting, and cultural beliefs and values. (expect a "high" & get one / expect pain-killer after surgery and experience confusion not high)

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The major active ingredient in marijuana. It shares some chemical properties with hallucinogens like LSD but far less potent.

Cultural Factors of Abuse

Traditions in religion or beliefs that play a significant role in determining drug use or drug experiences. (ex: muslims & mormons-forbid alcohol use) (ex: Americans-alcohol use is normal)

Withdrawal Symptoms

Unpleasant physical or psychological effects that follow the discontinuance of a dependence-producing substance.