AP Psychology Chapter 10
If intelligence were determined solely by heredity, the correlation of the IQ scores of identical twins would be
+1.00
As a school administrator, you have been asked to identify students who have scored at the 5oth percentile or above on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Revised (WISC-R). This means that you must identify only those students whose scores on the test (the IQ scores) are at least _____ or higher.
100
Suppose the SAT were revised so that a score of 500 corresponded to a score of 100 on the WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). A score of 500 or more would therefore be achieved by at least ____% of the examinees.
50
Norms for a new test of mental ability were obtained from a large sample of the general population. The mean of the test was set to 100 and the standard deviation was 15. Approximately what percentage of the population would fall within the range bounded by scores of 85 and 115?
68%
Which of the following statements is false
A test can be valid without being reliable
When Avena was 9 y/o she took the WISC, and her IQ was estimated to be 106. Avena who is now 27, took the WAIS, and her IQ was estimated to be 110. Avena's IQ scores indicate that the Wechsler tests have a good _______ reliability.
Alternate-form
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, to solve the analogy "Winter is to hibernation as summer is to...", you would rely most on _______ intelligence.
Analytic
Keala took a test to measure his potential for college success. Keala must have taken a(n) _______ measure.
Aptitude
Bob a 10th grader, took a test that measured his potential for college success. Jill, another 10th grader, took a test on the math chapter that had just been covered in class. Bob most likely took a ______ measure, and Jill most likely took a ______ measure.
Aptitude; achievement
Morgan was adopted as a newborn and has always lived with his adoptive family. Now, at age 20, he discovers that he has an identical twin brother. According to research, Morgan's IQ score will be most similar to his
Biological twin
Dr. Ciccone is developing a new test to measure readiness for college. Two questions on the test were "Who was Strawberry Shortcake?" and "What is the fastest car to drive?" On the basis of this information, we can conclude that Dr. Ciccone's test lacks
Content validity
Silus is a talented author of fictional stories. He is also known for coming up with inventive advertising campaigns for his work clients. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Silus must rate highly in ______ intelligence.
Creative
Dana is excellent in Trivial Pursuit, a game that measures knowledge gained over a lifetime. Dana's success in Trivial Pursuit is a reflection of her _________ intelligence.
Crystallized
All of the following components are necessary for creativity except
External rewards that motivate one to work harder
When investigating the Rosenthal and Jacobson study of teacher expectations, in which several randomly chosen children were described to their teachers as "potential bloomers", it was found that teachers
Favored the "blooming" children with extra social reinforcement, such as smiles and eye contact
Lewis Terman and the other psychologists who adopted IQ tests for use in the U.S. in the early 1900s believed that intelligence is
Fixed and inherited
Sternberg's triarchic theory emphasizes 3 different types of intelligence. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 types?
Fluid
Psychologist Raymond Cattell would say that playing a game involving inductive and deductive reasoning ability, such as chess, primarily requires _______. He would also say that taking a test of geographical knowledge would primarily involve _______.
Fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
Group differences in IQ scores can be attributed to non-genetic factors. All of the following are noted as significant environmental influences except
Geographic location
Terman's longitudinal study of people with extremely high IQs found that nearly all of them
Had higher than average physical and mental health
Cosette took an intelligence test that used age-graded tasks similar to the original Stanford-Binet. Cosette, who is 8 y/o, most likely will
Have her mental age compared to her chronological age
Meredith was in a Head Start Program as a child? What was most likely the result?
Her attitude towards school, her health, and academic skills improved
Anita is hoping to have an intelligent baby, and because you have taken psychology, she asked you for advice. Assuming that the information-processing model of intelligence is correct, which brain attribute would you most recommend?
High speed
Which of the following is NOT true regarding intelligence tests?
IQ scores obtained before the age of 7, typically correlate highly with the scores on IQ tests given later
At a school board meeting, there is a debate as to whether or not the schools should have children who are developmentally disabled taught in the same classrooms as their peers who do not have cognitive disabilities. The effectiveness of this type of ______ is still highly debated.
Inclusion
As people over 65 y/o grow older, their crystallized intelligence will _______ and their fluid intelligence will ________.
Increase; decrease
Costanza believes that he is a highly intelligent person because he has a "fast brain" and is always the first person to finish a test, as well and being able to pay attention to many things at once and think in cognitively complex ways. Costanza's belief is most like which theory of intelligence?
Information-processing
Cara suggests that her friend Iris pursue a career in social work due to her ability to empathize with and understand others. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Iris would have high _______ intelligence.
Interpersonal
Juanita is creating a culture-fair test to measure the intelligence levels of her 3rd graders. Her test will probably consist primarily of
Items that assess problem-solving skills
You believe that elephants have intelligence and that this intelligence increases as the elephants get older.You test your hypothesis by observing the behaviors of the same group of elephants at birth and then at 5 year intervals. What type of study is this?
Longitudinal
According to the textbook, the definition of intelligence includes all the following except
Maturational functions
Based on the results from the Seattle Longitudinal Study and other similar "tracking cognitive abilities over the lifespan" studies, all of the following are true except
Most people's fluid intelligence remains intact, while their crystallized intelligence begins to decline as they age
Iman, a 5th grade teacher, believes it is important to determine the intelligence of each of her students. However, she doesn't believe that traditional test provide an accurate description of abilities such as interpersonal communication, music, or athleticism. What approach to intelligence would Iman most likely agree with?
Multiple intelligences
Individuals with outstanding ability in a narrowly defined skill provide evidence in support of the ______ theory of intelligence.
Multiple intelligences
Pauline scored low on the WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). However, she works as a Girl Scout leader and is capable of finding her way out of the woods whenever her troop gets lost. Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence would say that Pauline probably has ______ intelligence.
Practical
One difference between the Wechsler intelligence scales and the original Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale is that the Wechsler scales
Present verbal and performance tasks separately
Diti tries to study the structure of intelligence by analyzing test scores. Diti most likely follows the __________ approach to intelligence.
Psychometric
Dwight, Pam, and Jim are having a little argument about the nature of intelligence. Dwight argues that to understand intelligence, one need look only at the results of IQ tests. Pam says that one must consider many different tasks encountered in the real world, not just tests. Jim says that one must look to experimental evidence measuring processing speed, attentional resources, and memory capacity. Dwight adheres to the ______ approach, Pam adheres to the ______ approach, and JIm adheres to the ______ approach.
Pyschometric; triarchic; information-processing
A child with dyslexia would probably have difficulty
Reading the Superman comic books
We have conducted the same experiment 15 times, and each time we obtain the same results. We can conclude that our data is probably
Reliable
Miguel was diagnosed as being developmentally disabled at a very early age. It was predicted that he would be able to develop vocal communication with rigorous teaching and attention, but he would require around-the-clock supervision and little benefit would be gained from schooling. Miguel would be classified as having a _______ intellectual disability.
Severe
Rasha is a 9 y/o with a measured IQ of 70. Which of the following is probably true of Rasha?
She has performed below the average for 9 year olds
Researchers are in the process of developing a new college entrance exam. They want to ensure that wherever the test is given, it will be administered, scored, and interpreted in the same manner. In other words, the researchers are concerned with
Standardization
When Goddard gave his IQ test to WWI military recruits, he included a scale that relied more heavily on pictures and acting out instructions. Still, he found 47% of the men tested had a mental age of 13 or less. Why?
The test was culturally biased
Alejandra has created a theory for understanding intelligence. She posits that several underlying factors, such as verbal fluency, perceptual ability, and memory, are the most important factors in describing a person's cognitive abilities. Alejandra's theory essantially describes
Thurstone's primary mental abilities
Fiona and Michael were discussing how best to measure intelligence. Fiona says that while she acknowledges that traditional IQ tests are useful, it is important to also include questions that measure how well a person can adapt to new situations and their ability to create something new, along with how well people can apply their intelligence to everyday problems. Michael disagrees and says that only traditional IQ tests should be used because intelligence is one general trait, the g factor. Fiona is an advocate for the ______ theory, and Michael is an advocate for the ______ theory.
Triarchic; psychometric
Vlade is experiencing test anxiety during his psychology exam. His symptoms are likely to include all of the following except
Unconsciousness
Which of the following statements is true regarding group differences in IQ scores?
Variation within ethnic groups is much greater than the variation between them
According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, a community living near the Arctic Circle 500 years ago without any contact with other societies was likely to have ascribed the characteristic of intelligence to someone who
Was skilled at catching seals, fish, and small game
Unicorns have an average IQ score that is 10 points higher than centaurs. Given this information, what is the most accurate statement about the intelligence of a particular unicorn and a particular centaur?
We can't make any conclusions about their intelligence
