AP Psychology Unit 5 Practice Test

Consciousness is A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. B) the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. D) effortless encoding of incidental information into memory. E) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

E

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in A) narcolepsy. B) sleep apnea. C) paradoxical sleep. D) posthypnotic amnesia. E) physical growth.

E

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep. A) REM; Stage 1 B) Stage 1; REM C) REM; Stage 2 D) Stage 2; REM E) REM; Stage 4

E

Sleeptalking may occur during A) Stage 1 sleep. B) Stage 2 sleep. C) REM sleep. D) Stage 4 sleep. E) any stage of sleep.

E

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called A) perceptual set. B) convergence. C) perceptual adaptation. D) the phi phenomenon. E) the cocktail party effect

E

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why A) most dreams are realistic portrayals of pleasant life events. B) dreams are accompanied by eye movements. C) dreams typically express unacceptable feelings in a symbolically disguised form. D) individuals with sleep apnea are unable to recall any of their dreams. E) people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

E

Which procedure helps to ensure that the participants in a survey are representative of a larger population? A) random assignment B) replication C) correlation D) naturalistic observation E) random sampling

E

A theoretical perspective in psychology can be like a two-dimensional view of a threedimensional object because each perspective is A) limited in its scope. B) likely to contradict other perspectives. C) based on assumptions shared by other perspectives. D) of little value for applied research. E) impossible to test scientifically

A

Acronyms are to chunking as the method of loci is to A) imagery. B) rehearsal. C) acoustic encoding. D) automatic processing. E) the "peg-word" system.

A

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from A) sleep apnea. B) narcolepsy. C) insomnia. D) night terrors. E) aphasia.

A

Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggressive than girls primarily because boys are more frequently exposed to external pressures to fight. Natassia's belief most directly exemplifies the ________ perspective. A) behavioral B) evolutionary C) cognitive D) psychodynamic E) neuroscience

A

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________. A) REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep B) narcolepsy; sleep apnea C) delta waves; alpha waves D) Stage 4 sleep; Stage 1 sleep E) Stage 1 sleep; REM sleep

A

The belief that weather conditions signal the onset of arthritis pain best illustrates A) an illusory correlation. B) an illusion of control. C) the hindsight bias. D) the false consensus effect. E) random sampling.

A

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of A) Stage 1 sleep. B) Stage 2 sleep. C) Stage 3 sleep. D) Stage 4 sleep. E) Stage 5 sleep

A

Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is employing a technique called A) age regression. B) posthypnotic suggestion. C) paradoxical sleep. D) dissociation. E) posthypnotic amnesia

A

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction? A) physical dependence B) hallucinations C) narcolepsy D) alpha waves E) REM rebound

A

A person who falls asleep in the midst of a heated argument probably sufferes from: A) sleep apnea B) narcolepsy C) night terrors D) insomnia

B

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that A) hypnosis is a unique state of consciousness. B) hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects. C) the process of dissociation best explains hypnotic phenomena. D) most hypnotized people are consciously faking hypnosis. E) hypnotic susceptibility is positively correlated with introversion.

B

Circadian rhythm refers to A) the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience. B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. C) the experience of sleep apnea following an extensive transoceanic flight. D) the cycle of five distinct stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep. E) a pattern of brain waves that occur during sleep.

B

Drivers are slower to detect traffic signals if they are conversing on a cellphone. This best illustrates the impact of A) age regression. B) selective attention. C) REM rebound. D) choice blindness. E) disinhibition.

B

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into A) synaptic gaps. B) the bloodstream. C) the limbic system. D) sensory neurons. E) interneurons

B

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably A) experiences very little REM sleep. B) would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep. C) dreams during Stage 4 rather than during REM sleep. D) experiences more Stage 4 sleep than most people. E) passes through the sleep cycle much more rapidly than most people.

B

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people A) usually refused to engage in antisocial behavior. B) behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals. C) were easily influenced to act against their own will. D) experienced much more anxiety than unhypnotized individuals. E) often immediately awakened from the hypnotic state.

B

A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple A) endocrine glands. B) endorphin agonists. C) neural networks. D) endorphin antagonists. E) reticular formations.

C

After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has A) reduced his sexual desire. B) destroyed some of his brain cells. C) reduced his self-awareness. D) directed his attention to the future. E) increased his level of sympathetic nervous system arousal.

C

Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more A) fearful. B) aggressive. C) self-conscious. D) sexually daring. E) self-disclosing.

C

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the A) angular gyrus. B) hypothalamus. C) motor cortex. D) reticular formation. E) frontal association area.

C

Dr. Santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist. A) social B) clinical C) developmental D) industrial/organizational E) biological

C

Dr. Winkle conducts basic research on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) ________ psychologist. A) biological B) social C) developmental D) industrial/organizational E) personality

C

Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of A) perceptual adaptation. B) figure-ground relationships. C) selective attention. D) the cocktail party effect. E) perceptual constancy.

C

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items A) at the beginning of the list. B) at the end of the list. C) in the middle of the list. D) at the beginning and in the middle of the list. E) at the middle and the end of the list.

C

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of A) dissociation. B) narcolepsy. C) the circadian rhythm. D) night terrors. E) sleep apnea.

C

Rehearsal is to encoding as retrieval cues are to A) chunking. B) relearning. C) priming. D) repression. E) the spacing effect.

C

The cocktail party effect provides an example of A) perceptual constancy. B) perceptual set. C) selective attention. D) stroboscopic movement. E) the phi phenomenon.

C

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called A) alpha waves. B) beta waves. C) delta waves. D) theta waves. E) sleep spindles.

C

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called A) alpha waves. B) circadian rhythms. C) sleep spindles. D) delta waves. E) amplitude waves.

C

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of A) neuroadaptation. B) animal magnetism. C) biological rhythms. D) narcolepsy. E) REM sleep.

C

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation? A) dissociation theory B) social influence theory C) activation-synthesis theory D) Freud's dream theory E) divided consciousness theory

C

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of A) sleeptalking. B) hypnagogic sensations. C) muscle tension. D) REM sleep. E) Stage 4 sleep.

D

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in A) behavior genetics. B) emotion. C) socialization. D) mental processes. E) mental health.

D

Drug tolerance refers to the A) absence of pain or anxiety following the use of a drug. B) loss of social inhibitions following drug use. C) discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of a drug. D) reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage. E) belief that drug use should be legalized.

D

Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as A) the circadian rhythm. B) age regression. C) dissociation. D) dualism. E) hypnagogic state.

D

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are A) forgotten again as soon as the person awakens from the hypnotic state. B) accurate recollections of information previously learned. C) experienced as being inaccurate even when they are true. D) often a combination of fact and fiction. E) often accurate indicators of childhood sexual abuse.

D

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called A) night terrors. B) neuroadaptations. C) dissociations. D) hallucinations. E) stressors.

D

Taped information played during sleep is registered by the ears but is not remembered. This illustrates that the retention of information requires A) proactive interference. B) state-dependent memory. C) chunking. D) effortful processing. E) priming.

D

The false consensus effect refers to the tendency to A) perceive a relationship where none exists. B) generalize from extreme cases. C) reject ideas that can't be scientifically tested. D) exaggerate the extent to which others agree with us. E) ignore disconfirming evidence.

D

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of A) withdrawal. B) dissociation. C) resistance. D) tolerance. E) narcolepsy

D

The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the A) amygdala. B) dendrites. C) corpus callosum. D) myelin sheath. E) pituitary gland.

D

Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to A) occur slowly. B) be limited in its capacity. C) contribute to effective problem solving. D) occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions. E) relate to childhood events.

D

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of A) narcolepsy. B) psychological reactance. C) dissociation. D) physical dependence. E) REM rebound.

D

Which professional specialty focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people with psychological disorders? A) personality psychology B) social psychology C) biological psychology D) clinical psychology E) developmental psychology

D

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of A) heroin. B) cocaine. C) barbiturates. D) marijuana. E) LSD.

E

Karl and Dee had a joyful wedding ceremony. After their painful divorce, however, they began to remember the wedding as a somewhat hectic and unpleasant event. Their recollections best illustrate the nature of A) proactive interference. B) memory construction. C) the spacing effect. D) the serial position effect. E) repression.

B

Morphine and heroin are A) amphetamines. B) opiates. C) hallucinogens. D) barbiturates. E) stimulants.

B

Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in A) survey research. B) naturalistic observation. C) experimentation. D) replication. E) correlation.

B

Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that A) daily use of the drug is currently higher than it has ever been among high school seniors. B) regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users. C) regular usage has no serious negative effects on physical health. D) usage consistently reduces feelings of anxiety and depression. E) marijuana is the most commonly used psychoactive drug in North America.

B

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was A) psychoanalysis. B) behaviorism. C) functionalism. D) structuralism. E) Gestalt psychology.

B

To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, a clinical psychologist carefully investigates the client's current life situation and his physical, social-cultural, and educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used? A) the survey B) the case study C) experimentation D) naturalistic observation E) correlation

B

When people are experiencing vivid dreams A) their bodies often move in accordance with what they dream. B) their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids. C) they are more likely to sleepwalk than during any other stage of sleep. D) their slow brain-wave patterns indicate that they are deeply asleep. E) they intermittently stop breathing.

B

When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is A) depression. B) muscular paralysis. C) aggression. D) schizophrenia. E) euphoria

B