AP Psychology (Unit 5 Progress Check)

Short-term memory is best described as

Memory that can hold only a small amount of information

The fact that Lori finds herself thinking about dogs and other pets after seeing a cat is evidence that human memory is organized into

An association network

What is a mental set?

An established way of thinking about or perceiving something

Explicit memories are created in

The hippocampus

What is an algorithm?

A logical, systematic procedure for solving a problem

Which of the following is most likely to be a false memory? A) A young child's memory of a day at the beach B) A high school student's memory of the prom C) A person's memory of going to a restaurant after college graduation D) A job applicant's memory of the clothes the applicant wore to an interview E) A couple's memory of their first dance at their wedding

A young child's memory of a day at the beach

Amir telling Jorge the same story Jorge told him earlier in the week, because Amir forgot Jorge already told him the story is an example of what

Source monitering

Tommy finding it easier to remember the materials on an exam while taking it because he was sad while studying for the exam is an example of

State-dependent memory

Professor Gustafson is developing a new intelligence test and wants to ensure the test has good inter-rater reliability. What strategy will most directly help him achieve this goal?

Allowing only trained researchers to grade the test, as they will have a good understanding of the proper way to score certain things and will be more likely to agree

Item 3 Which of the following statements about automatic processing or effortful processing is true? A) Effortful processing does not require conscious awareness B) Effortful processing makes other processing more difficult. C) Automatic processing requires little mental effort. D) Automatic processing does not improve with practice. E) Effortful processing is affected by intelligence.

Automatic processing requires little mental effort.

Vandana, a 12-month-old infant, is listening to her father talk to her and suddenly repeats a word that he just said. Her father praises her and gives her a cookie. After she gets the cookie, she repeats the word again. Vandana's behavior can be best explained by using the theory of

Behaviorism

For a person planning to hold a party outside, an example of the predictable-world bias would be A) hoping the weather will be nice this year B) believing that nice weather is due this year because it rained a lot the last three years C) believing the party will be fun outside regardless of the weather D) remembering only past parties with good weather, not those with bad weather E) believing the weather can be controlled if one wishes hard enough

Believing that nice weather is due this year because it rained a lot the last three years

Patrick believes his basketball coach doesn't like him and subsequently focuses on all the times the coach criticizes his playing and ignores all the times the coach praises his performance. Patrick's behavior is best explained by the concept of

Confirmation bias

Reagan brainstorming as many uses of a toothpick as possible in a two-minute period is an example of what?

Divergent thinking

Which of the following examples is most consistent with the theory that executive functioning provides the basis for general intelligence? A) Geoff is able to easily remember a long list of instructions after hearing them only once and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests B) Reilly began walking earlier than most children and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests. C) Amir is good at understanding other peoples' emotions and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests. D) Jake can read very quickly and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests. E) Rose has perfect pitch and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests.

Geoff is able to easily remember a long list of instructions after hearing them only once and also scores higher than average on intelligence tests

Which of the following psychologists is best associated with studying the function of memory?

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Keisha performs well in her geometry course in school, and her classmates often ask her for help with understanding word problems and writing formal proofs. Her friends describe her as very rational and analytical. According to Howard Gardner, which type of intelligence is Keisha most likely to possess?

Logical-mathematical

When Sruthi first enters a dark room after coming in from outside, she can't see anything, but her eyes adjust after a few minutes. What can this be explained by?

Long-term potentiation

Consolidation can be described as the process of

New information becoming integrated with previous knowledge

Arthur is helping his friend set up her new phone. Arthur has never used this type of phone, but he uses his knowledge of setting up his own phone to help figure out how to use the new phone. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Arthur is using which type of intelligence?

Practical intelligence

An example of using elaborative encoding to improve memory is A) Sam remembering which tree is the ginkgo by using the phrase "stinko ginkgo" because the fruit of the ginkgo tree smells bad B) Trevor remembering to buy milk at the grocery store by putting a note on the refrigerator C) Emilia remembering a new acquaintance's name by silently repeating the name after learning it D) Arthur remembering to pick up a cake before leaving work by asking a coworker for a reminder at the end of the workday E) Diego remembering the meanings of Spanish vocabulary words by creating flash cards and studying them

Sam remembering which tree is the ginkgo by using the phrase "stinko ginkgo" because the fruit of the ginkgo tree smells bad

David was studying some important historical dates for a test. He noticed that the day and month of one of the dates was the same as his own birthday, and he tried to use that fact to help him remember the date for his test. What is David using to enhance his memory?

Self-reference

Jeanette is curious to see how many numbers she can hold in her mind at once. She asks her friend to test her on lists of random digits to see how many she can remember. Based on what is known about the average limits of short-term memory capacity, what is the most likely number of digits Jeanette will be able to remember?

Seven

Rodrigo's three-year-old sister says the phrase "We goed to the store" instead of "We went to the store." According to Noam Chomsky, what is the best explanation for her behavior?

She is overregularizing her use of the past tense

Which of the following illustrates the primacy effect? A) Jason remembers the last two digits of his doctor's phone number but not any other digits. B) Susam left his grocery list at home and can remember only the first two items on the list. C) Frederick thinks people are paying attention to him when they actually are not. D) Paul gets a reward every time he gets on the bus for school on time. E) When his son Fekru cries because he wants a candy bar, Mr. Debebe gives the boy the candy to stop him from crying.

Susam left his grocery list at home and can remember only the first two items on the list.

A researcher wanted to test the psychometric properties of a new intelligence test for children. She administered the test twice, two months apart, to children in a fourth-grade classroom. On the second administration, she noticed that the children who performed well were not the same children who performed well on the first administration and that there appeared to be no relationship between student performance on the first and second administration of the test. Based on this scenario, the psychological construct missing from this intelligence test is

Test-retest reliability, because the researcher is administering the same test twice

If Jess has a type of amnesia that affects the formation of explicit memories but not implicit ones, which of the following will she be most likely to remember? A) The date of her last basketball lesson B) The name of her basketball coach C) The location of the gym D) The arm position to throw the ball E) The rules of the game

The arm position to throw the ball

John went to the beach for vacation shortly after having watched a documentary film about shark attacks. Overestimating the possibility of encountering a shark in the water, he decided to spend the day sunbathing and reading instead of going for a swim. John's reasoning can be explained through

The availability heuristic

Marsha thinking the waiter asked her whether she wanted water even though he did not - because she thinks waiters ask patrons whether they want water - is an example of what

The concept of schema

To remember a list of words, Jerry tries walking through his bedroom and making associations between words on the list and various areas he visits in his bedroom. Jerry is trying to improve his memory encoding by using

The method of loci

Sometimes people who speak different languages are in a community together and must develop a way of communicating. Similarly, their offspring must also find a way to communicate. The main difference between the speech of the first generation and the speech of the second generation is

The speech of the second generation tends to have more complex grammar rules

Mary has an IQ score within one standard deviation above the mean score. This indicates her score was A) high enough for Mary to be considered a genius B) higher than at least 75% of people who took the test C) within the middle 68% of people who took the test D) lower than exactly 7% of people who took the test E) higher than exactly 93% of people who took the test

Within the middle 68% of people who took the test

A teacher asks Yvonne to go to another classroom to get a student whom Yvonne has never met. As she walks, she repeats the student's name to herself over and over to help her remember. Yvonne is boosting her memory by using

maintenance rehearsal