AP World Final Study guide 5-8

Yaa Asantewaa War in West Africa-

- Britain in Ghana Sir Hendrich Hodgson asking to sit on sacred golden stool and offending tribe leading to rebellion and yaa asantewaa queen mother rallying the troops and they eventually lost but they where able to govern themselves which is better than other african fates.

1857 Sepoy Mutiny in India-

- Sepoys where Indain soldiers and there was a rebellion where the gun cartridges were filled with religous taboos and they then they rebelled and it led to the british government running India

Rail Rail, King Rail...all hail the king. First rail line...when and where? Explain the "triple win".

1830's Egland- First King Rial was a win in all sectors as moved things very fast and was checper for more amounts and heavier amounts of product as well as being much easuer than boat to move things across the land

Cherokee Nation-

1839 moved to tahlequah Oklahoma after the indian removal act removed them from their home land and the government granted them tribal security and sovereignty to run themselves and euro tech so that they did not rebel.

Japan's self imposed isolation was broken by the United States. Why? What happened? Finish this up by explaining the Meiji Restoration.

1853- Filmord send 4 black ships wiht admiral Perry who demanded a trade deal with Japan and Japan was shocked by their firepower and changed their entire system leading to them fully taking on industrialization with the meiji Restoration in 1868-1912 whihc was a painful process for the japanese as it did not match the system they had origionally had in place they became to resemble a european nation and that battled with the feudal system and hurt the culture in place.

Xhosa Cattle-Killing Movement in South Africa-

1856- A Young girl in South Africa had a visions that if they would all kill their cattle then the ancestorys would rise from the dead and it lead to countless people dying from starvation along with the europeans not being pleased and some 80,000 people died and 40,000 cattle and the survivors where forced off of their land and sent then to cape cod to work for the british

Island consolidation around Japan (Japan)

1870- japan spread its influence and took over its nearby islands like Hokkaido and Krile and inhabited and imperialized them so then the russians could not take it. 1876- Japan using GB warships began to imperialize Korea and forced to sign treaties to help japan 1880's-1890's- Japan made contingency plans to take over their neighboors in case of needed as all countries where imperializing.

Sino-Japanese War (Japan)

1894- japanese Invasion of Korea meeting resistence with china and went against Qing china and the Japanese won and forced Korea signed treaties to help the Japanese- lasted 7 months

The Spanish-Cuban-American War (USA)

1898- Tensions over Spanish cuba post monroe doctorine, as well as cuba fighting for freedom and independence and US helping as seeing themselves in it. Then due to a naval war and a battle at manilla bay where then the US's win and the Treaty of Spain Signed to end

Sokoto Caliphate in modern day-Nigeria-

1900's sokoto caliphate spli across germany england, and france, boundaries superimposed split ethnic groups and created tentions anf hatred towards the government and then the caliphate was created in contrast.

Russo-Japanese War (Japan)

1904-1905- Between Russia and japn over areas of machuria and Korea. Japan attempeted to offer Russia manchuria in turn to be able to keep korea,- denied and then japan staged a naval attack and war broke out. After the Battle of tsushima the Russians onceded and ended with the treaty of portsmouth

Chartism

A committee for voting to get rights for women all levels of while males regardless of amount money and getting voting rights for all roles and in total just the ability for everyone to vote.

Explain how the American Revolution can be connected with nationalism.

Again the idea of wanting to be their own nation and no longer feeling a connection or pull to the origional colony and now wanted to be their own country as they feel as they are already

Rubber

Amazon and Congo- for tires and machine parts, waterproofing and used to tap trees to get and then refined

Zulu Kingdom

Anglo Zulu war from 1879 where the british where in south africa due to the amount of diamonds and gold present and the zulu tribe similar to the aztecs where very good fighters but not chance against the european weapons. So GB won and took over.

What happened in India? Sepoys British East India Company Great Rebellion Cartridge controversy

As the British East India Company slowly gained more power and influence in India politically to stop other euros from imperializing and then building their army with Indian born british soldiers called sepoys who then led to the cartridge contraversy where they belived the cartirdges where sealed with pork and beef fat which were religious taboos leading wtih a mix of opression to then the Great rebellion which they eventually lost and then british parliament took over India and made it a colony.

Why would the Opium war be a good specific example of industrialization driving political decisions? What was the result of the opium war for China? For Great Britain? For other industrialized countries?

As the opium war began from BEIC selling opium to the chinese and getting the silver back from chinas supply. And this showshow industrialization driving political decisons as they had little to no power from industrialization so in order to survive they had to ke certain deals and treaties to keep the country. The result was GB destroying china and then other euros wanted to be apart of the race for china and then they all made china sign treaties that helped them but not china so they could get apart of china with GB taking Hong Kong and getting 5 ports to use for trading.

Explain how Greek nationalism can be connected to its breakaway from the Ottoman Empire. Explain how politics, religion and the enlightenment played a role in Russia, Great Britain and France assisting Greek independence).

As well greeks feeling like they are their own country and not apart of the larger ottoman nation as well as wanting to be theri own country and then Russia GB and France all helped bc they did not want the other nations to take over and soread their religious beliefs as well as having a political help.

Chadwick Report

Attempted to solve the porblems of disease in cities and show the government the large amounts of problems occuring in cities how to solve them and what they could grow into.

Mercantilism was being replaced by Capitalism. What are the basics of free market thinking (hint: this answer should include vocab like laissez faire, supply and demand, invisible hand, self interest, and competition).

Basics of free market created by Adam Smith who believed in the concepts of Laissez faire economics where the government would not touch the economics and let the invisible hand idea of the market controlling itself as well as the idea of self interest as everything in economics you did for yourself to win or gain something from it. As well as The law of Conompetition- as there should always be competition in producst to get the lowest priced and best product for people.

Samori Toure's military battles in West Africa-

Battles with the French in west africa for land. Samori was a religious cheif in 1868 who fought for the ghana land for his people. Then in 1883 he opposed the french ambitiouns to imperialize and then accepted help from the french in 1886 and then it lead to him in 1901 then battling and renewing his fight but he evetually was caught and captured in 1919 where he died.

How would you define nationalism? Give yourself a few examples in which you directly point out what is nationalistic about each entry.

Being overly supportive or patriotic of a country state or nation and the glorification of that culture and this can be religion but mainly relating to a country.

Vesalius

Belgium Human Anatomy

Explain the relationship between the Enlightenment and science?

Both looked for reasoning and explantation for concepts and occurrences to match up as well as both involved the questioning of everyday life.

Hobbes

British Full control by the government, all power to king, existance in state of nature would be short and nasty, no natural rights.

Locke

British Limit on power and ability to overthrow, life,liberty and property, men are naturally good and seek to improve,

Wollstonecraft

British Vindiction of women rights, same power for both genders.

What happened in New Zealand? Settler Colony Maori

Britished challenged the Maori Colony and chiefs encouraged to sign the treaty of waitangi and considered to be their founding doc.

Oil did not replace coal (we obviously still use coal), but it did become a competitor and open up more industrialization options. Explain how.

Cars became more possible to use an popular- used oil and electricity uses oil Opened up the market to places like 3rd world countries who had large supplies of it and allowed them to get involved in the evergrowing world market and allowed them to get involed with industrialization too as well as export commodities.

Sadler Committee

Child labor- A commitee against the child labor to alert british parliament to the issues with children in factroies and the maltreatment they recieved and lead to the slow increase in child labor.

Imperialism Religion example

Christian Missionaries had for long time sought access ot non christians to convert than and then the government used missionaries to justify their intervention and "protection" in foreign countries.

Consumer culture and social systems were fundamentally altered by industrialization

Consumer culture grew as people had money to spend and use as well as the social construct of going to work and not just working in the house farm whihc changed independence and oppurtunities for women.

Egyptian Cotton

Due to US having Civil war and not selling cotton the egyptians began to sell cotton to GB and built their economy around it and increased to 12 mil in just 2yrs, and was a very profitable

Explain how agricultural improvements caused the Industrial Revolution in England.

Due to people having more and better food and therefore a growinf population and amount of people to be able to join the workforce we saw a increase in population that can be used in things like factory jobs and inventors.

King Leopold, Belgium and the Congo. What happened there...connect with the scramble for Africa but also as a general example of the nastiest side of imperialism.

During the scramble for africa got ahold of The congo which became the belgian congo and it was then given to King leopold to control fot the rubber trees and there was EXTREME violence as he burned villages cut millions of hands off, and whippings along with millions murdered. It gained so much global attention that it lead to then the gov having to take it away and control it.

Von Leewenhoek

Dutch First Microscope and Germs

Newton

English 3 laws of motion- Optics light can be measured, Calculus, Principia 1687

Harvey

English Anatomy

Explain how the English Civil War can be connected with the Enlightenment (hint: rule of law applied to rulers should be part of the answer).

Enlightened concepts used during the english civil war of the government not having full power as well as the idea of overhtrowing and taking over the government for yourself. Both being very enlightened concepts used in the english civil war to achieve that concept and without the thinking it would not be possible.

Explain how English thoughts and legal protections regarding private property influenced the development of the Industrial Revolution (hint: should be talking about banking and investing here).

Explain for yourself

Steam Steam Steam! A massive development: Discuss the portability of steam Discuss the reorientation of factory work to cities and what that meant for labor Connect steam to the next major development:

Explain out loud

Use of child labor...elaborate

Factory systems used child labor as it was cheaper and kids did not tend to have many options for work and so they could pay them less

Voltaire

French Critiscism of christianity - attacked all organized religon- founder of Deism thinking of god as clockwork god

De Gouges

French Declaration of the rights of women and the female citizen

What happened in Australia? Settler Colony Aborigines

GB used Australia to then relocate prisoners there and then forced the Aborigional people to the interior of the continent often by force leading to large amounts of deaths.

Kepler

Germany Astronomy

Voting Rights

Getting more voting rights same ideas as chartism.

Manifest Destiny (USA)

Getting the new land from the louisiana purchase they began to tredge north into the new land with the idea of manifest destiny and the imperialism came as they moved the native americans and consolidated them as they went to make room for the europeans.

Joint stock companies faded away and were replaced by corporations. HSBC and Unilever are both examples of corporations that still exist. What are they?

HBSC is a bank based in Hong Kong and was run by the british for a long tome and often served a front for the british opium supplies and they branched all across asia. Unilever were a butter and soap company and adopted other corporation that had the same process and now own large companies like dove and mayo and ben and jerrys and are still around today.

Tenements

Horrible living conditions in citie- lots of disease not good solutions.

What happened in Egypt? Suez Canal

Initially a french project created then went bankrupt and they lost interest. As well as unrest in egypt due to high debts related to the canal. British took over egypt and the canal in 1882 and the reasoning was that egypt needed to be controlled due to the fact that they needed a reason to conquer egypt.

Boyle

Irish Microscopes and Chemistry - experimental method

Mahdist wars in Sudan-

Islamic revolt againtst the egyptian government controlling Sudan. Muhammed Ali in 1820 invaded sudan in the hopes of imperializing to catch up with industrialization. They took slaves overtaxed and angered the people. This only got worse with the arrival of the British is 1873 , in 1882 the mahdist people began to assemble and then in 1883 the british tightened their control leading to them attacking first then they killed the british leader Hicks the leader died and the rebellion began to fall apart and in the final battle in 1898 11,000 where killed and 16,000 wounded. Then they foudn the leader killed him stole his body and pulled out his fingernail in retaliation forr killing british govener at beginning of warr.

Explain how access to waterways and natural resources caused the Industrial Revolution in England.

It allowed them to use those natural resources to fuel the machines and development as well as the acess to water made it easier to transportgoods across the island as well as the be able to use them to power things like factories saving even more water. All these things made it the best breeding ground for the IR.

How was leisure culture impacted by industrialization?

It grew as people had down time and were able to do thing after work with things like bar culture as well as independence from things like transportation and bikes.

What did the Bessemer Process have to do with? Why was it significant?

It has to do with turning iron into steel and allowed for large amounts of change in terms of ability to build large building and structures that would not break and be able to last.

How did the acquisition of raw materials matter to causation for imperialism (remember my phrase about feeding the industrial monster)?

It helped to further fuel the imperialism and industrialization happening in the industrialized countries and so they had more than exhausted their own materials and had to the the outsource the material but did not want to pay very much for ti and so the raw materials they got fueled the industrial monster of those countries.

What did the spread pattern for industrialization look like? First it was ____________ because. Next it moved ________________ because. From there it went __________________ because and so on.

It spread from the major cities out to smaller cities, first to larger cities due to them having the most amounts of communication and ability for Industrialization and then cam smaller cities as they grew to become larger cities as people moved into these cities and lastly it went to the countryside but by that point more people had moved to very large or larger cities so that they had acess to the newest adn best technology.

Charles Darwin and the Origin of Species...what role in the existence of Social Darwinism?

It was the idea that social darwinism from the 1859 and lead to then the ideals layed out in that document lead to the ideals of social darwinism but converting the ideas from mammals and evolution to skin tones.

Galileo

Italian Astronomy- used lens to see the space -helocentric

Beccaria

Italian Crime matching punishments, to make punishments for crimes effective against torture and capital punishments

Problems caused by industrialization that needed attention: Poor living conditions, poor working conditions, child labor and spread of diseases. Nowhere to put all the people coming to urban areas...elaborat

Larhe population boom in cities like never before and not enough space to put the popel moving into from the countryside and so ended up living in slums.

Lack of representation...elaborate

Nothing of these problems was changed as there was a lack or representation for the people who had these problems and so the people being elected in did not know nor did they car about these things

Utilitarianism

Passing laws that benefited the most amount of people in total.

Copernicus

Poland Astronomy

Pollution and sanitation...elaborate

Problems with clean water and the cleanliness of people causing even more diseases and sanitation due to not having a sewage system to due with human waste and pollution from the high amounts of Industrial waste.

Imperialism Social Darwinism explain

Racial Concept using darwins ideals in terms of skin town and applied racism where whites where seen as more sucessful and other races less or not sucessful and they also needed to be dominated. - Ex being Nazism with the religions.

In what ways was rural society increasingly impacted by growing industrialization? Think about urbanization but also the factory system as you develop this answer.

Rural society lagged and came to a point that some people lived in the rural countryside however it was much less common as well as when people would buy others out so it tended to be one group of people controlling agriculture and the rest going to cities for more oppurtunities. However Urban oppurtunities grew and more people had acess to jobs and the culture grew and the factoyr life of going to work changed it was well.

Explain Russia's motivation to industrialize...connect to the Trans Siberian Railway.

Russia being behind wanted to be apart of the IR and so they built the largets railroad across continents called the trans Siberian Railway taken after the King rial in englnad.

Monroe Doctrine (USA)

Set by James Monroe it was to fend off other european imperialism on the Americas continent and leave room for the americans to do more imperialism on the continents and it said that the American continent was under the protection of the USA and europeans needed to remove themselves which ended up working as the europeans where battling for africa.

imperialism Cultural superiority example

Sharing european superior ways of doing things with the rest of the world- teaching - Think Parent child, as well that it was the duty of civilized cities to implement legal systems gender roles westeren style dress and market consumerism. - Example being White mans burden

The creation of Socialism and its most famous version, Scientific Socialism/Communism, as an economic theory is a reaction to problems caused by the industrial revolution. What evidence can we use to prove that statement?

Socialism- idea that all parts of production from the land,labor and capital are controlled by the people and operate in the benefit for all. Communism- Karl marx- all problesm are between the people who have things and those who dont, and in the end after a violent revolution having a communial where everyone pools resources and takes what they need to survive.

Explain how the Ottoman Empire attempted to modernize itself (hint: this is not a short answer, and should include things like Mahmud II, Tanzimat, Abdul Hamid II, and the Young Turks).

Sultan Muhamed 11- began the major overhall of ottoman empire to industrialization by doing things like replacing religious schools with places like european schools. Tanzimat era ( 1839-1876) erosion of the ottoman empire as there was opposition from both sides in all matters and no possible aggreance Young Turks- Wanted rights like seen in the bills or rights like suffrage, Secularization, education, freedom of religion

Explain how the 14th and 19th amendments to the US Constitution can be connected with the Enlightenment.

The 14th and 19th amendments are connected as they are the ones for womens rights and slavery which connected due ot the enlightenment thinking leading to the long battle for equality.

How did English trade post empire success set up the ability to gain resources from foreign locations and how would that impact the Industrial Revolution?

The English trade post empires allowed GB to have acess to most if not all natural resources that they could need or want in terms of the IR and allowed them to just use them and not have to spend time finding them or growing them and could use them in inventions.

Establishment of Independent states in the Balkans-

The balkans for a long time where controlled by the ottoman empire and then by greece and afterward where rewarded their freedom as a nation as everyone wanted ot take them over but they created their own states in between states as they are a stateless nation.

Explain causation for the French Revolution and how it can be connected with the Enlightenment (hint: this answer should definitely include the estate system and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen).

The cause of the french revolution was the high amount of people in the 3rd estate holding the least amount of wealth and the most in the 2 top tiers holding the least amount of money and so thus lead to the french rev as well combined with the enlightenment thinking and so lead to the total end of french declaration of rights.

Explain how the American Revolution, the US Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence can be connected with the Enlightenment.

The concepts involved in the bill of rights and the declaration of independence were very enlightened ideas involved of not having a monarch and splitting the power into a form of a democracy, and the ideals of freedom and taken them of the US bill of rights as well as the ideals taken from Locke seen in the US bull or rights and so the concepts and reasoning behind it could be connected with the enlightenment.

Describe the context for the Enlightenment? How did the Enlightenment challenge things like magic and superstition?

The context for the enlightenment was the scientific revolution as it began to do the questioning of magic and superstition and looked for reasoning for why things occurred as well with showed that the universe had the ability to be decoded which was ming boggling and exciting for many people and lead to the beginning of the thought revolution rethinking everything in place.

Explain how the development of urban areas contributed to the Industrial Revolution in England (hint: should be discussing population growth, the movement of people and demand for stuff).

The development or urban areas of england was very large as the population thended to move their from the rural areas to large cities for the newsest invention and job ability available . The demand also largely increased as the people had to spend on things.

What happened in South Africa?

The dutch were previously settles there in 1652 with the DEIC in cape town and then in the 19th century the British came as they had diamonds and gold there and the dutch called the Africkans atttacked called the BOER war 1899-1902 and british eventually won and took over.

Explain how women's suffrage can be connected with the Enlightenment.

The idea of not having womens rights also did not pass the enlightenment thinking test and lead to women claiming that they deserved by this new way of thinking the same amounts and level of rights as the men in their culture.

Explain how north and south South American independence from Spain can be connected with the Enlightenment and nationalism.

The ideals like mexico of freedom as well as the idea of colonies who had their own supply and worked their own land logically should not give those to another nation for free which were enlightened concepts and as well nationalism fueled this as they wanted to their colonie and have their own power.

Explain how the Mexican independence from Spain can be connected with the Enlightenment and Nationalism.

The ideas of freedom and the no longer need for colonies were all ideas in the enlightenment and the idea of slavery was used by the colonies as large statewide slavery and using the people for work did not pass so it was not nelightened and they wanted ot be their own country or nationalism for their culture and wanting to no longer be apart of spain but apart of their own nation.

Japanese Modernization (Japan)

The meiji restoration following Matthew Perry and the 4 black ships they began to let in all of europe and the rest of the world and industrialize the nation and it happened very quickly and was very tough for the people and culture.

Explain how the movements to abolish slavery can be connected with the Enlightenment.

The movemnets to abolish slavery are connected with the concepts of enlightenment as the idea of slavery does not align with the enlightenment as it does not connect with the ideas of logic reasoning and rationality. And so due to the movements in those kinds of thinking we can see the change of slavery as with the new levels of enlightenment it did not pass and therfore was not kept.

Recall the Putting Out System...define that again. It gives way to a growing factory system. Explain how the factory system came to be using cause and effect language to discuss the development of early textile creation inventions (hint: name the specific inventions, explain how they work and connect them together in cause and effect language).

The putting out system was where businesses would hire womesn on farms to handle part of the clothings production systems and then they controlled all the total production and did not have to pay to get it done in the city. The factory system replaced this system with inventions like the spinning jenny, the flying shuttle, power loom, cotton and more to industrialize all parts of the processes and make exponentially faster.

Otto von Bismarck (he's important both for German Imperialism and also for WWI) What happened at the Berlin Conference and why did it happen? Explain the "Scramble for Africa".

The scramble for africa was between 1875-1910 and was bulding off of already beginnings of imperialism with the trade post empires already present in those countries. Then the 1884 Berlin Confrence hosted by otto von bismarck who was a german chancellor hoping to get themselves involved in the global discussions and make them become apart of the scramble for territory and then the euros came to an agreement of how to split the continent of africa and not cause a war as they agreed to control a piece of the land and then be able to control the land and the people then they could control that piece and drew boundaries due to that.

As youngsters with powerful computers that also happen to be telephones at your command, naturally, you should be curious about and experts at explaining how that happened. Well, start with the telegraph and go from there.

The telegraph was created by Samuel Morse and used morse cord to communicate via sea cords at the bottom of the ocean to connect people. The Telephone was created by Alexander Graham Bell and he was the first person to send a message with the voice across a distance also usin the cables in the ocean to connect the continents which greatly increased communication.

Early US industrialization is connected to waves of immigration that came to that country. What waves? From where? Why would people leave their place of origin and come to the US?

The waves where in the 1850's during which the US was doing major industrialization mainly people from europe places like GB and German they left this place for the idea of the american dream as well as the hope for more opportunities as they tended to be lower class or peasants in their home lands.

Rudyard Kipling and the White Man's Burden...can you explain the complexity of that document?

The white mans burden ideal of the Birtish was a poem given by the people to explain the reason they needed to be the ones to do the imperializing of the nation. It is challenging due to him saying that they must give up their children for the better of the world as it is mostly a documnebt to convince the public of the need for imperialism.

How did England attempt to protect industrial secrets? Example(s)?

They attempted to not let inventors and mechanics as well as engineers to leave england and if they did they could not take any of those designs or plans with them- Slater

Tupac Amaru II and Rebellion in Peru-

Tupac Began the rebellion by arresting and having spanish official Antonio Arriga Killed and then gained followers with his wife then eventually it failed and fizzled and he was found and Quartered.

Panama (USA)

US helped Panama to break away from Colombia as it did not want to build the panama canal then they broke off to become their own nation via rebellion movements and th US then built and run the canal and gained the profits from that.

Ghost Dance in the US-

Used to combat the assimilation of then Native americans and it was a dance in a hope to get their own life back and get rid of the whites occupying their land and the government was threatened by this and this was large part of the wounded knee masacre.

Deism

Volataire - French Idea of clockwork god and no idea of miracles but world made it and god did not touch it further run by rules.

Working conditions...elaborate

Were very bad as people had no rights until unions but they tended to not have a lot of safety anf if they got injured they were fired and needed to find a way to survive and often ended up in the streets.

Explain how the Haitian Revolution can be connected with the Enlightenment.

With the ideas combined from the previous revolutions including the french and so they used their own enlightenment concepts against their own french imperial powers and it was the largets slave revolt and was sucessful but not the most in the long run as they had to pay back french and did not geting involved with world trading.

What is the definition of a fossil fuel? Examples? What impact has fossil fuel use had on human productivity and the creation of a consumer economy?

coal , oil or natural gas, and they are things that we get from the environment that are made by the world form decayed animals, Created the ability to mass produce and create things like electricity which helped human productivity and the creation of the consumer economy as they could mass produce good and people wanted to buy them.

Define Economic Imperialism

when a country controls another country economically for resources, and that country has significantly more power.