Ap World history ch 37

Harry S. Truman:

1884-1972, assumed presidency after Roosevelt, anti communist

Truman doctrine:

1947, stated that United States would support "free peoples resisting subjugation", perception of world decided between so called free and enslaved people's , took hard line at Potsdam which widened differences, interventionist policy dedicated to "containment" of communism

Marshall Plan:

1948, US aid recovery for europe, idea to rebuild European economies through cooperation and capitalism, forestalling communist or Soviet influence in the devastated nations of Europe. The Marshall Plan provided more than $13 billion to reconstruct western Europe. The Soviet Union resisted what it saw as capitalist imperialism and countered with a plan for its own satellite nations. The Soviet Union established the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance COMECON.

Appeasement:

At the Munich Conference held in September 1938, European politicians formulated the policy that came to be known as appeasement.

Operation Barbarossa:

German surprise invasion of Soviet Union June 1941, Wanted eastern land on which to resettle Germans, Captured Russian heartland; Leningrad under siege; troops outside Moscow, codename for june invasion of soviet union, invasion took stalin by surprise and caught red army off guard

Anschluss:

Greek word for Union, Germany with Austria took place on March 1938

Nüremburg laws :

In 1935 the notorious Nuremberg Laws deprived German Laws deprived German Jews of their citizenship and prohibited marriage and sexual intercourse between Jews and other Germans.

Axis Powers:

Japan, Germany, and Italy along with their conquered territories, formed the Axis powers, the name of the alignment between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy that had been formed in October 1936.

Comfort women:

Japanese armies forcibly recruited 300,00 women to serve in military brothels, 80% of women came from Korea, had to serve 20-30 men each day, many massacred by Japanese soldiers and survivors experienced deep shame, were seen as gifts to the emperor, stationed in war zones

genocide :

Nazi determination to destroy Jewish population and europe's passive acceptance of anti-semitism

Josef Stalin:

agreed to support United States against Japan, stalin's plans prevailed ; Poland and east Europe became communist allies, 1879-1953, convinced British /French leaders to deflect German aggression to Soviet Union, Soviet Union member, agreed with roosevelt to enter war against Japan

The "Final Solution" :

began with the slaughter of jews/roma/ and other undesirables in the soviet union, by end of 1941 german special killing unions had killed 1.4 million jews, entailed the attempted murder of every living jew in europe, gassing was used, 1942 nazis decide to evacuate all european jews to camps in east poland, in auschwitz at least 1 million jews perished

Adolf Hitler:

came to power in 1933, riding a wave of public discontent with Germany's postwar position of powerlessness and the suffering caused by the Great Depression. Hitler referred to the signing of the 1918 armistice as the "November crime" and blamed it on those he viewed as Germany's internal enemies: Jews, communists, and liberals of all sorts. Withdrew Germany from the League of Nations, his govt. carried out a massive plan to strengthen the German armed forces

Rape of Nanjing :

characterized war waged against civilians, aerial bombing of Shanghai, in Nanjing widespread rape and slaughter, residents of nanjing became victims of japanese troops

Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere:

created for desire of independence, advocated Japan's expansion in Asia/pacific of Asian nationalism

Munich Conference:

in 1938 germany appeased by taking sudetenland and promised to stop there, britian and france desperate to avoid war so approved agreement, in 1939 hitler seized most of czechoslovakia violating the munich agreement, conference wanted to appease hitler, goal was to keep peace in europe, hitler disliked munich agreement

Allied Powers:

included France and its empire; Great Britain and its empire and Commonwealth allies (such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand); the Soviet Union; China; and the United States and its allies in Latin America.

Kamikaze :

japanese pilots used on the island of okinawa, were pilots who volunteered to fly planes with just enough fuel to reach an allied ship and dive bomb into it, suicidal

Battle of Britain :

launched by germans who hoped to defeat britain's, war germans strategy to defeat britain solely through air attacks, aerial bombing killed 40,000 british civilians, royal air force prevented defeat, in summer 1941 germany also controlled balkans and north africa

Blitzkrieg :

means "lightning war" German forces, banking on their air force's ability to soften resistance and on their Panzer ("armored") columns' unmatched mobility and speed, moved into Poland unannounced on 1 September 1939. Within a month, they subdued its western expanses while the Soviets took the eastern sections in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet Packet. The Germans stunned the world, especially Britain and France with their Blitzkrieg and sudden victory.

NATO/Warsaw Pact:

militarization of the cold war, 1949 US sponsored the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Soviet-controlled Warsaw Pact signaled the militarization of the cold war. In 1949 the US established NATO as a regional military alliance against Soviet aggression. The original members included Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the US. THe intent of the alliance was to maintain peace in postwar Europe through collective defense, hungary withdrew as their gov announced neutrality

Tojo Hideki:

prime minister who developed a plan of attack for Japan when they continued into south east Asia, 1884-1948, he and his cabinet set plans for war against Great Britain and the United States

Benito Mussolini:

promised to bring glory to Italy through the acquisition of territories , viewed Albania as a bridgehead for expansion into Balkans. Italian politician, journalist, and leader of National Fascist Power. Prime Minister.

Non-Aggression Pact :

russian-german treaty of nonaggression, signed in 1939 by foreign ministers of soviet union/germany, there 2 nations agreed to not attack each other, promised neutrality in the event that either of them went to war with a 3rd party, in result helped hitler conquer europe

Winston Churchill :

spoke of an iron curtain across Europe, separating east and west, prime minister of Britain from 1874-1965

FDR

two months after the US became embroiled in World War II, he delivered one of his famous radio broadcasts, known as fireside chats