AP World History Self-Quiz Ch 33 19th Century Asia

The Ottoman military had declined by the 19th century because

- the Janissary Corps was more interested in palace intrigues than in military training. - the Janissaries resisted all efforts to modernize the army. - many provincial rulers had private mercenary armies. - Ottoman forces carried outmoded equipment. E. all of the above.

At the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman empire, Russian empire, Qing dynasty, and Tokugawa Japan were "societies at crossroads" because

B. they discovered through wars and confrontations that they were militarily much weaker than the western powers.

Group that was once the military elite of the Ottoman empire; by the 19th century, they had become corrupt and reactionary.

Janissaries

Boy emperor who reclaimed his power after the collapse of the Tokugawa shogunate.

Mutsuhito

Liberal reformers who forced the Ottoman sultan to accept a written constitution, with greater freedom and equality.

Young Turks

In China, a "sphere of influence" was

a district in which a foreign power had exclusive trade, transportation, and mineral rights.

Which of the following was NOT part of Count Witte's policy of industrialization?

nationalization of key industries such as coal and steel.

The Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown because

the Japanese were outraged by the unequal treaty forced on them by Commodore Perry.

The success of the Meiji restoration depended on destroying the power of

the daimyo and samurai classes.

The most significant achievement of the sultan Mahmud II was

C. creation of a modern army.

Leader who, although never officially the ruler, was effectively the last of the Qing dynasty.

Cixi

Tanzimat legal reforms included all of the following rights EXCEPT

D. women's right to sue for divorce.

Village schoolmaster whose vision of a radically reformed Chinese society inspired the Taiping revolution.

Hong Xiuquan

Leader who rose to power in a palace coup and promised to honor a new constitution, but soon revoked that promise and ruled as an autocrat.

Leader who rose to power in a palace coup and promised to honor a new constitution, but soon revoked that promise and ruled as an autocrat.

Chinese commissioner who tried unsuccessfully to stop the flood of opium into his country.

Lin Zexu

Sultan who built a modem army and destroyed the Janissaries.

Mahmud II

American who forced Japan at gunpoint to open its doors and who brought down the Tokugawa government.

Matthew Perry

Egyptian general who successfully challenged the Ottoman empire.

Muhammad Ali

Russian finance minister who pursued a program of aggressive modernization and industrialization.`

Sergei Witte

By 1913, all of the following provinces gained either independence or autonomy from Ottoman control EXCEPT

A. Anatolia.

Which of the following could NOT be considered a contributing cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905?

A. the lack of a representative legislative body. B. the defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese war. C. the Bloody Sunday massacre. D. the government's failure to address the inequities of land ownership. E. All of the above are factors in the Revolution of 1905.

The Russian intelligentsia promoted terrorism as a strategy for political reform because

A. their attempts at more peaceful reform were crushed by the tsarist authorities.

The emancipation of Russian serfs in 1861

A. was achieved at the tsar's insistence. B. was intended to avert a revolution. C. brought freedom but few political rights for the peasants. D. did not significantly increase agricultural production. E. all of the above.

Moderate tsar who emancipated the serfs but denied them political rights.

Alexander II

The Russian empire was defeated in the Crimean War because

B. Britain and France joined forces to prevent Russian expansion into the Ottoman empire.

The capital for the early industrialization of Meiji Japan came primarily from

B. land taxes.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the treaty of Nanjing in 1842?

Japan gained control of the island of Taiwan.

The Taiping rebellion was defeated when

Nanjing was defeated by a combined force of imperial and European soldiers.

Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Meiji constitution?

The lower classes were represented in the lower chamber of the Diet.

Which of the Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?

Turkish as the official language of the empire.

The "capitulations" were humiliating concessions to the west that

held European citizens exempt from Ottoman laws and taxes.

The British insisted on their right to trade opium with China because

it was the only trade good that they could sell in China at a profit.