AP World Unit 2 Questions
What was the impact of the improved economy after the 10th century on the social system of western Europe? Select one: a. The increased pace of economic life created a less rigid structure. b. Harsh serfdom became the rule throughout western Europe. c. The improvements in the agricultural system retarded the development of towns and restricted social mobility. d. Despite the improved economy, the rigid social system associated with feudalism continued to dominate western Europe. e. The merchants lost considerable power to the monarchs.
a. The increased pace of economic life created a less rigid structure.
Which of the following statements about the population of the Americas is most true? Select one: a. The population estimates of the Americas continue to be revised upward. b. The population of the Americas is easy to calculate. c. Most estimates are approximately the same. d. The early 20th-century estimate of 8.4 million still seems the most accurate. e. North America was more densely populated than Mesoamerica or the Andes.
a. The population estimates of the Americas continue to be revised upward.
What do the authors suggest was the principal reason for Inca conquest and expansion? Select one: a. The practice of split inheritance b. Their need for human sacrificial victims c. The existence of long-distance trade merchants within the imperial administration d. The cult of the sun e. The absence of irrigation systems within the Inca empire
a. The practice of split inheritance
Pope Gregory VII decreed the practice of investiture invalid. What was investiture? Select one: a. The practice of state appointment of bishops b. Loaning money at excessive interest to the church c. The state's power to tax the clergy d. The practice whereby aristocrats dressed in bishops' robes and attempted to rule in their place e. The practice of trying clerics in secular courts
a. The practice of state appointment of bishops
The northern nomadic peoples who entered central Mexico following the decline of Teotihuacan were the Select one: a. Toltecs. b. Aztecs. c. Olmecs. d. Maya. e. Incas.
a. Toltecs.
The Toltec capital was established at Select one: a. Tula. b. Twantinsuyu. c. Teotihuacan. d. Tenochtitlan. e. Tlotelolco.
a. Tula.
The Inca nobility were Select one: a. drawn from 10 royal ayllus and the city of Cuzco. b. lower in status to the yanas and the priest class. c. not distinguished from the commoners by appearance or dress. d. drawn from the noble ayllus of the conquered population. e. often commoners who distinguished themselves in battle.
a. drawn from 10 royal ayllus and the city of Cuzco.
Relationships between members of the military elite based on a reciprocal exchange of land for military service and loyalty were called Select one: a. feudalism. b. monasticism. c. manorialism. d. the guild system. e. capitalism.
a. feudalism.
The system that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers was called Select one: a. manorialism. b. capitalism. c. monasticism. d. slavery. e. feudalism.
a. manorialism.
Closely identified with the cult of sacrifice and the military, the Aztec social hierarchy developed a nobility referred to as the Select one: a. pipiltin. b. pochteca. c. calpulli. d. quipus. e. chinampas.
a. pipiltin.
Because of its base in the universities of western Europe, the dominant medieval philosophical approach was referred to as Select one: a. scholasticism. b. rationalism. c. corporate theology. d. social contract theology. e. existentialism.
a. scholasticism.
The religious practice most closely associated with the state and the person of the Inca in Andean civilization was the cult of Select one: a. the sun. b. the rain god. c. human sacrifice. d. Quetzalcoatl. e. Twantinsuyu.
a. the sun.
After the sack of Tula, the center of population and political power in Mexico shifted to Select one: a. the valley of Mexico and the shores of a chain of lakes in that basin. b. Chimor. c. Teotihuacan and the area west of the Pacific. d. Yucatan peninsula. e. the southern Pacific coast.
a. the valley of Mexico and the shores of a chain of lakes in that basin.
Which of the following was NOT typical of the challenges to typical medieval institutions in the 15th century? Select one: a. Parliaments limited the power of kings and provided major support to the merchant class b. The landowning aristocracy lost its dominance as the chief military force c. A single imperial government replaced the smaller kingdoms of the Middle Ages d. The medieval intellectual and artistic synthesis was breaking down e. The balance between church and state began to favor the dominance of the state
c. A single imperial government replaced the smaller kingdoms of the Middle Ages
What 12th century monk stressed the importance of mystical union with God over logic and philosophy? Select one: a. Simeon of Durham b. Duns Scotus c. Bernard of Clairvaux d. Marsiglio of Padua e. Augustine
c. Bernard of Clairvaux
The most powerful of the Andean states between 900 and 1465 following the decline of Tihuanaco and Huari was Select one: a. Chichen Itza. b. Chavin. c. Chimor. d. Texcoco. e. Titicaca.
c. Chimor.
In the period shortly after the arrival of the Aztecs in the valley of Mexico, what was the nature of the political organization of the region? Select one: a. A large confederation b. Imperial c. City-states d. Hunting and gathering groups e. Regional kingdoms
c. City-states
Which of the following represents a significant difference between the Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations? Select one: a. Kin-based social groups b. Sedentary agricultural systems c. Climate and geography d. The existence of a nobility e. Tribute systems
c. Climate and geography
What Frankish king was responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks? Select one: a. Louis IX b. Charles Martel c. Clovis d. Pepin III e. Charlemagne
c. Clovis
Which of the following was NOT one of the major themes or cults of Aztec religion? Select one: a. Gods of fertility b. The agricultural cycle c. Deities devoted to contemplation and salvation d. Gods of warfare and sacrifice e. Creator deities
c. Deities devoted to contemplation and salvation
During the 11th century, what new architectural style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses became dominant in western Europe? Select one: a. Structuralism b. Romanesque c. Gothic d. Turkic e. Baroque
c. Gothic
Which of the following was NOT true of the career of Jacques Coeur? Select one: a. He was tortured, admitted to various crimes, and had his property confiscated. b. He had the largest fleet ever owned by a French subject. c. He died a rich and honored advisor to the king of France. d. He used his wealth to arrange for his 16-year-old son to become an archbishop. e. Coeur built an elaborate palace at Bourges.
c. He died a rich and honored advisor to the king of France.
Which of the following statements concerning the three-field rotation system is most accurate? Select one: a. The three-field system removed more land from production than before by reserving one-third for fallow. b. The three-field system removed fallow fields and replaced them with nitrogen-bearing crops. c. Introduced in the 8th century, the three-field rotation left a third of the land unplanted to regain fertility, d. It represented a net increase in productivity where it was used because although crops were rotated, no fields were left fallow. e. The three-field system was rapidly replaced after the 8th century by the two-field system that offered greater flexibility in terms of crop rotation.
c. Introduced in the 8th century, the three-field rotation left a third of the land unplanted to regain fertility
Tne of the most permanent features of Aztec society was its organization into clans or Select one: a. chinampas. b. quipus. c. calpulli. d. pipiltin. e. ayllus.
c. calpulli.
Agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of aristocratic landowners were called Select one: a. bourgeoisie. b. fiefs. c. serfs. d. guildsmen. e. artisans.
c. serfs.
Tambos were Select one: a. mountain passes found in the Andes. b. knotted strings used for record keeping. c. way stations along roads in the Inca empire. d. the Aztec term for local rulers. e. labor turns exacted by the Inca authorities.
c. way stations along roads in the Inca empire.
How did the Aztecs view the cultural achievements of the Toltecs? Select one: a. As barbarians who lacked culture b. As heretics, who practiced a forbidden religion c. As slaves, fit only for conquest d. As the givers of civilization e. The Toltec culture was unknown to the Aztecs
d. As the givers of civilization
Which of the following was NOT a function of the Aztec kinship groups? Select one: a. Organizing military units for warfare b. Organizing labor units for state service c. Maintaining temples and schools d. Assignment of people to cult groups e. Distributing land to household heads
d. Assignment of people to cult groups
While the position of Aztec women in many ways paralleled that of women in other civilizations at a similar stage of development, what was the significant difference between the lives of women in Mesoamerica and in the Mediterranean world? Select one: a. Peasant women were more highly educated in Mesoamerica. b. Aztec women were unable to inherit or to pass property on to heirs. c. Women in Mesoamerica participated fully in the military. d. Aztec women had to spend many more hours grinding grain for food. e. There was no polygamy practiced in Mesoamerica.
d. Aztec women had to spend many more hours grinding grain for food.
What was the nature of the Aztec administration of subject territories? Select one: a. All territories conquered by the Aztecs became part of a singular administration run by a trained bureaucracy located in Tenochtitlan, much like the Byzantine Empire. b. Aztecs rarely collected tribute from subject territories but did take hostages for human sacrifice. c. The Aztecs established a military administration with subject territories controlled by regional generals. d. Conquered territories were often left relatively unchanged under their old rulers as long as they recognized Aztec supremacy and paid tribute. e. The Aztecs placed members of the Aztec nobility as rulers over subject peoples.
d. Conquered territories were often left relatively unchanged under their old rulers as long as they recognized Aztec supremacy and paid tribute.
The Fourth Crusade was manipulated by merchants in Venice, who turned it into an attack on Select one: a. Athens. b. Alexandria. c. Rome d. Constantinople. e. Jerusalem.
d. Constantinople.
Which of the following regions achieved feudal monarchy prior to the end of the Middle Ages? Select one: a. Italy b. Spain c. Holy Roman Empire d. England e. Low Countries
d. England
How did the introduction of feudal monarchy into England compare to the political experience of France? Select one: a. French feudal monarchy arose almost immediately in the 10th century as a result of the defeat of the Normans. b. English feudal monarchy developed more gradually and slowly in response to the improving economy. c. France failed to develop feudal monarchy until the 15th century unlike England. d. English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed more slowly. e. England never developed a strong feudal monarchy similar to what happened in France.
d. English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while French feudal monarchy developed more slowly.
What was the primary difference in the political situation between the Mesoamerican and Andean zones following the breakup of the classical states? Select one: a. The Andean political experience lacked the militaristic overtones that accompanied the breakdown of power in Mesoamerica. b. The Andean region was more compact and therefore quickly reunited under the leadership of the Inca. c. The transition of power that took place in the Andean zone was accomplished by invasion from outside the region. d. In the Andean zones a number of relatively large states continued to be important, rather than the breakdown of power that was typical of Mesoamerica. e. In Mesoamerica there was no real political decline as new peoples simply took over the institutions of their predecessors.
d. In the Andean zones a number of relatively large states continued to be important, rather than the breakdown of power that was typical of Mesoamerica.
The modern image of the Inca empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole and the state regulated the distribution of resources on the basis of need is referred to as Select one: a. Inca despotism. b. utopian positivism. c. Indian utilitarianism. d. Inca socialism. e. Mesoamerican capitalism.
d. Inca socialism.
The post classical period in Western history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century is referred to as the Select one: a. Renaissance. b. Age of Discovery. c. Modern Era. d. Middle Ages. e. Baroque.
d. Middle Ages.
Which of the following is NOT true of the Aztec view of marriage and the family? Select one: a. Virginity at marriage was highly regarded for young women. b. Mayeques rarely married into noble families. c. Marriages were often arranged between lineages. d. Polygamy was common throughout society. e. Young girls were often trained by the older women of the calpulli.
d. Polygamy was common throughout society.
The reforming monastic orders founded in Assisi in the 13th century were created by Select one: a. St. Bernard and Abelard b. St. Clare and St. Benedict. c. St. Benedict and Clovis. d. St. Francis and St. Clare. e. St Francis and Charlemagne.
d. St. Francis and St. Clare.
What city did the Aztecs establish circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco? Select one: a. Chinampa b. Texcoco c. Culhuacan d. Tenochtitlan e. Teotihuacan
d. Tenochtitlan
What belief did the conversion of Germanic kings create among Western religious leaders, particularly the pope? Select one: a. That the Church was subordinate to the secular monarchs b. That such conversion represented a danger to the papal hierarchy c. That the Church should avoid conversion of northern Germanic kings d. That the Church was superior to the secular rulers e. That the church should fear powerful kings
d. That the Church was superior to the secular rulers
Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Crusades? Select one: a. The Fourth Crusade resulted in the temporary conquest of Constantinople. b. As far as the Muslims were concerned, the Crusades had little impact on the Islamic world c. The Crusades helped to open the West to new cultural and economic influences from the Middle East. d. The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world. e. The Kingdom of Jerusalem was established and controlled by the West for nearly a century in the Holy Land.
d. The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world.
During the post classical period, societies in the Americas Select one: a. were united under a single government. b. experienced the initial contacts that led to the European invasion of the New World. c. abandoned Central America and migrated northward. d. remained entirely separate from those of the Old World. e. failed to develop imperial forms of government similar to European society.
d. remained entirely separate from those of the Old World.
Which of the following existed in the Aztec empire, but NOT in the Inca empire? Select one: a. Extraction of labor for use on temple projects b. An extensive merchant class c. Recognition of local groups and leaders d. A tribute system e. Redistribution of tribute by the state
b. An extensive merchant class
Which of the following was NOT a positive development that introduced new sources of strength by the 9th and 10th centuries to western Europe? Select one: a. New agricultural techniques b. Development of imperial government c. End of Viking raids d. Towns served as trade centers e. Greater regional political stability
b. Development of imperial government
In what year was Charlemagne able to establish a substantial, if temporary, empire in France and Germany? Select one: a. 900 b. 500 c. 800 d. 1000 e. 1100
c. 800
Which of the following statements concerning Aztec religion is most accurate? Select one: a. Aztec deities were normally associated only with male forms. b. Aztec deities were numerous and had different forms or manifestations somewhat like the avatars of the Hindu deities. c. Tonatiuh and Tezcatlipoca became the paramount gods along with Nezhualcoyotl. d. Shortly after establishing their empire, the Aztecs abandoned all gods other than their patron, Huitzilopochtli. e. There was little or no animism in the religious world of the Aztecs.
b. Aztec deities were numerous and had different forms or manifestations somewhat like the avatars of the Hindu deities.
The Toltec empire lasted until about what date? Select one: a. 1521 b. 1000 c. 1236 d. 1150 e. 1434
d. 1150
The capital of the Inca empire was Select one: a. Chichen Itza. b. Cuzco. c. Chan Chan. d. Tihuanaco. e. Cajamarca.
b. Cuzco.
What was the impact of expansion and conquest on the Aztec social system? Select one: a. Aztec social institutions became more inclusive leading to a more equalitarian society. b. From a loose association of clans, Aztec society became a highly stratified society. c. Aztec society was transformed in the sense that the Mexicans adopted the social patterns of the Maya. d. Conquest opened up Aztec society to incursions by the indigenous peoples who began to form a trained bureaucracy. e. Despite the stress of warfare and invasion, the Aztec society remained remarkably unchanged by the process.
b. From a loose association of clans, Aztec society became a highly stratified society.
What was the technological innovation that aided the Byzantine Empire in withstanding the Muslim siege of Constantinople in 717? Select one: a. Gunpowder rockets b. Greek fire c. The longbow d. Catapults e. Cannon
b. Greek fire
Which of the following represents a cultural difference between the Incas and Aztecs? Select one: a. Relative isolation b. Lack of a writing system c. Practice of human sacrifice d. Lack of a priest class e. Monumental architecture
b. Lack of a writing system
Which of the following statements concerning the medieval economy is most true? Select one: a. Medieval economic thought and practice was of no consequence to later Western economic thinkers and actors. b. Medieval economics was a combination of capitalistic and feudal practices c. Medieval economics simply repeated the thought and practice of earlier economic thinkers. d. Medieval economic systems were based on global trade with China and India. e. Medieval economics, overall, tended to discourage merchant activity and technical innovation.
b. Medieval economics was a combination of capitalistic and feudal practices
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of American civilizations during the post classical period? Select one: a. Elaborate cultural systems b. Monotheistic practices c. Diverse civilizations d. Large cities based on elaborate political and economic organization e. Highly developed agriculture
b. Monotheistic practices
Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Aztec rise to power? Select one: a. The subsequent expansion of power and the boundaries of Aztec control b. The abandonment of human sacrifice c. The increasing dominance of the nobility d. A highly urbanized society e. The emergence of a ruler with supreme powers
b. The abandonment of human sacrifice
Following the fall of Rome, where was the center of the post-classical West? Select one: a. In Italy, particularly Rome b. The central plains of northern Europe c. The British Isles d. In the former Roman colony of Spain e. Greece
b. The central plains of northern Europe
Which of the following was NOT a threat to the sources of Western vitality at the end of the Middle Ages? Select one: a. Manufacturing and technology developed more quickly b. The economic tail-spin and impending depression c. The Black Death d. New social disputes, involving both peasants and landlords and artisans and their employees. e. The increasing inability of agriculture to keep pace with population growth
b. The economic tail-spin and impending depression
The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century, Select one: a. William of Ockham. b. Thomas Aquinas. c. Geoffrey Chaucer. d. William of St. Thierry. e. Peter Abelard.
b. Thomas Aquinas.
Which of the following does NOT represent a characteristic of most Indian societies other than the Andean and Mesoamerican civilizations? Select one: a. Communal action and ownership of resources b. Wealth as the basis of social ranking c. Strongly kin-based societies d. Important social and political roles for women e. Highly urbanized populations
b. Wealth as the basis of social ranking
Which of the following statements concerning the intellectual activity of the medieval West prior to the 8th century is most accurate? Select one: a. Classical rational traditions were actively united with Christian mysticism to carve out a new intellectual world. b. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts. c. Western scholars achieved more during this period than their Islamic counterparts. d. Universities rapidly created a new intellectual climate in which logic was applied to matters of Christian doctrine. e. All literacy and contact with the ancient culture was lost in the centuries following the fall of Rome.
b. With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts.
The moldboard was Select one: a. the peasant council that determined the division of land and labor in a peasant village. b. a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil. c. a technological innovation, a water-driven mill for grinding grain. d. a nickname for the first school established by Charles Martel in France. e. a system of justice common to the manorial regime of the medieval West.
b. a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil.
What was the Aztec view of history? Select one: a. Like other Mesoamerican peoples, the Aztecs believed in a cyclical pattern of repetitive destructions of the world. b. They believed in a linear history ending with their total destruction at the hands of the people from the East. c. Unlike other Mesoamerican peoples, the Aztecs rejected the cyclical view of history for a more modern historical view based on the history of their empire. d. They believed in a linear view of history dedicated to the premise of Aztec superiority for eternity. e. Because they lacked a calendar system, the Aztecs had no formal historical viewpoint.
a. Like other Mesoamerican peoples, the Aztecs believed in a cyclical pattern of repetitive destructions of the world.
The Inca ruler associated with the first creation of the Inca empire in 1438 was Select one: a. Pachacuti. b. Moctezuma II. c. Ahuitzotl. d. Topac Yupanqui. e. Nezhualcoyotl.
a. Pachacuti.
What was the Andean principle of inheritance? Select one: a. Parallel descent: women passed rights and property to daughters, men to sons b. Extended family split inheritances evenly c. Matrilineal, inheritance passing in the female line d. Everything passing to the monarch e. Patrilineal, inheritance passing in the male line
a. Parallel descent: women passed rights and property to daughters, men to sons
In the 12th century, what Parisian scholar, the author of Yes and No, utilized logic to examine ecclesiastical doctrine? Select one: a. Peter Abelard b. Thomas Aquinas c. Jacques Coeur d. William of Ockham e. William of St. Thierry
a. Peter Abelard
What was the relationship between the Toltecs and their predecessors in central Mexico? Select one: a. The Toltecs adopted many cultural features from their predecessors to which they added a strong military ethic and human sacrifice. b. The Toltecs adopted the animistic religion of their predecessors, but failed to develop cities or ceremonial centers. c. The former residents of central Mexico were wiped out during the Toltec invasions. d. The Toltec rejected all economic and social practices but did use similar religious practices. e. The entry of the Toltecs into central Mexico marks an abrupt break in the cultural development of the region.
a. The Toltecs adopted many cultural features from their predecessors to which they added a strong military ethic and human sacrifice.
The Byzantine Empire lasted from approximately Select one: a. 500 to 1450. b. 700 to 1650. c. 200 to 1200. d. 300 to 1700. e. 300 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.
a. 500 to 1450.
What was the Inca practice of split inheritance? Select one: a. All political power and titles went to the ruler's successor, but his wealth was kept in the hands of the male descendants to support the cult of the dead Inca's mummy. b. All power and wealth was inherited by the eldest son but religious leadership fell to the youngest daughter. c. On the death of the previous ruler, the throne passed to two descendants from the ruler's family. d. On the death of the previous ruler, the family's wealth was equally divided among all male heirs. e. On the death of the previous ruler, the inheritance passed through the family of the senior wife to her oldest brother.
a. All political power and titles went to the ruler's successor, but his wealth was kept in the hands of the male descendants to support the cult of the dead Inca's mummy.
The people who succeeded the Toltecs as the rulers of central Mexico were the Select one: a. Aztecs. b. Quechua. c. Maya. d. Incas. e. Olmecs.
a. Aztecs.
What dynasty took over the Frankish monarchy in the 8th century? Select one: a. Carolingian b. Capetian c. Merovingian d. Saxon e. Norman
a. Carolingian
Which of the following developments was NOT a result of the improved economy of the High Middle Ages? Select one: a. Conflicts between peasants and the landlords became rare, if they did not disappear altogether. b. Urban growth allowed more specialized manufacturing and commercial activities, including banking. c. Rising trade permitted the redevelopment of commerce within the Mediterranean and beyond. d. Some peasants were able to throw off the most severe constraints of manorialism, becoming almost free farmers. e. A money economy began to replace the traditional barter system used throughout western Europe.
a. Conflicts between peasants and the landlords became rare, if they did not disappear altogether.
Which of the following was utilized in the Inca empire, but NOT by the Aztecs? Select one: a. Extensive use of colonization b. Identification of the nobility with the administrative and military functions of the state c. A semi-divine emperor d. Elaborate road systems e. Use of local rulers in exchange for recognition of sovereignty
a. Extensive use of colonization
The central figure of the cult of human sacrifice and the most sacred deity of the Aztecs was Select one: a. Huitzilopochtli. b. Tonatiuh. c. Quetzalcoatl. d. Chac. e. Tlaloc.
a. Huitzilopochtli.
Which of the following views of the Aztec practice of human sacrifice can be associated with Marvin Harris's interpretation of the "cannibal kingdom"? Select one: a. It was an essentially religious act central to their belief that humans must sacrifice that which was most precious to them in order to receive the sun, rain, and other blessings. b. It was the intentional manipulation of a traditional practice to terrorize their neighbors and to keep the lower classes subordinate. c. It was a response to the lack of available protein in the form of large mammals. d. The incidence of human sacrifice was grossly exaggerated by the Spanish for political purposes. e. It was immoral and unnecessary and was a waste of economic resources.
c. It was a response to the lack of available protein in the form of large mammals.
Which of the following statements about the manorial system is NOT true? Select one: a. It was practically self-sufficient. b. Agricultural productivity was low. c. It was technologically sophisticated. d. It had originated in the Roman Empire. e. Its obligations bore heavily on serfs.
c. It was technologically sophisticated.
Which of the following was a result of the Hundred Years War during the 14th and 15th centuries? Select one: a. An English victory, but only after an invasion of France by Richard the Lionhearted b. Physical destruction of both France and England, with loss of trade as well c. Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies d. Major battles resulted in enormous loss of life over the course of the war e. Mounted knights continued their dominance over foot soldiers and archers
c. Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies
Which of the following areas was NOT one of the regions into which expansion from western Europe took place? Select one: a. Spain b. Iceland and Greenland c. Northern Africa d. Poland e. Eastern Germany
c. Northern Africa
After the 7th century, what group posed the greatest threat to the eastern frontiers of the Byzantine Empire? Select one: a. The Russian Empire b. The Germans c. The Arab Muslims d. The Huns e. The Sassanid Persians
c. The Arab Muslims
What was the nature of the Aztec economy? Select one: a. The Aztecs failed to develop a merchant class, so all distribution of goods was carried out by the state. b. The Aztec traded the entire length of the inhabited Pacific coast as far south as the Inca empire. c. The Aztec state redistributed many goods received as tribute and there was a specialized merchant class. d. There was little trade within Aztec society, as almost all communities were self-sufficient. e. The Aztecs developed a free-market economy in which all trade was in the hands of specialized merchants.
c. The Aztec state redistributed many goods received as tribute and there was a specialized merchant class.
Which of the following statements concerning the Holy Roman Emperors after the 10th century is most accurate? Select one: a. Dukedoms and city-states yielded political authority to the Holy Roman Empire throughout western Europe. b. Discarding much of the former Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman emperors reestablished a centralized government in northern Italy. c. The rule of the Holy Roman emperors became increasingly hollow, because they did not build a solid monarchy from regional foundations. d. They built upon the Carolingian foundations to establish the most centralized government found in the medieval West. e. Building on a feudal framework rather than the Carolingian Germanic foundations, the Holy Roman emperors created a strongly centralized government.
c. The rule of the Holy Roman emperors became increasingly hollow, because they did not build a solid monarchy from regional foundations.
In terms of the integration of a centralized empire, how did the Incas and Aztecs compare? Select one: a. Both the Incas and the Aztecs created fully integrated empires complete with central bureaucracies and military administrative units that controlled all conquered regions. b. The Aztecs and Incas both made little attempt to integrate conquered territories and permitted self-rule in return for loyalty and tribute. c. The Aztecs were more advanced than the Incas in consolidating their government into an integrated unit. d. The Incas attempted to create an over-arching political state and made conscious attempts to integrate their empire as a unit, while the Aztecs did less in this regard. e. To create their empires both allowed little variation from region to region and city to city.
d. The Incas attempted to create an over-arching political state and made conscious attempts to integrate their empire as a unit, while the Aztecs did less in this regard.
Which of the following was NOT a power of the papacy immediately after 500? Select one: a. Excommunication b. Sponsorship of missionary activity c. Regulation of doctrine or dogma d. The appointment of all bishops e. The ability to send directives and receive information
d. The appointment of all bishops
Benedict of Nursia was responsible for what accomplishment in the 6th century? Select one: a. The conversion of the Franks in 596 b. The banning of lay investiture among kings c. Victory over the Muslims at Tours d. The creation of a set of rules for monasteries e. The conquest of Constantinople
d. The creation of a set of rules for monasteries
In what way was the educational system of the medieval West different from that of China? Select one: a. The West abandoned its classical heritage. b. In the West, there were no state bureaucracies to hire university graduates. c. The West lacked a formal system of education. d. The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system. e. University education was secular-based.
d. The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system.
Which of the following was NOT a benefit of the monastic movement in western Europe? Select one: a. They disciplined the intense spirituality of the medieval West in order to promote Christian unity. b. By copying ancient texts, monks preserved classical culture for later intellectual inquiry. c. Monks exemplified holy lives for church members and church leadership. d. Their political organization provided the foundation for the political order established in France, Germany, and England. e. Many monasteries helped improve the cultivation of the land.
d. Their political organization provided the foundation for the political order established in France, Germany, and England.
Which of the following statements concerning the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan is NOT accurate? Select one: a. By 1519 it probably had a population of about 150,000. b. It was built on an island in the middle of a lake. c. The city was divided into more than 60 wards controlled by kinship groups. d. Unlike other Mesoamerican cities it lacked a temple complex. e. It and Cuzco shared a similar geography in that both cities were located on a lake.
d. Unlike other Mesoamerican cities it lacked a temple complex.
The Aztec innovation in intensive agriculture in the aquatic environments of the lakes of central Mexico was the development of Select one: a. quipus. b. pipiltin. c. Pochteca. d. chinampas. e. calpulli.
d. chinampas.
At the time of their migration to the shores of Lake Texcoco, the Aztec numbered about Select one: a. 50,000 b. 100,000 c. 150,000 d. 1,000. e. 10,000
e. 10,000
In what year did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade? Select one: a. 1130 b. 1236 c. 1453 d. 1066 e. 1095
e. 1095
Around what year did the Aztecs migrate to the central valley of Mexico? Select one: a. 1434 b. 932 c. 1000 d. 1150 e. 1325
e. 1325
Which of the following statements about feudalism is most accurate? Select one: a. Feudalism represented only a brief, and largely unsatisfactory, attempt to create political stability in western Europe. b. Feudalism produced centralized monarchies by the 8th century. c. Feudalism caused rapid economic gains in all parts of Europe including England. d. Although it provided initial political stability, feudalism was rapidly replaced by a western European imperial system. e. Although it inhibited the development of strong central states, some kings were able to use feudalism to build their own power.
e. Although it inhibited the development of strong central states, some kings were able to use feudalism to build their own power.
Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization after the 10th century in Europe? Select one: a. Spain and Poland b. England and Scandinavia c. France and the Holy Roman Empire d. England and France e. Italy and the Low Countries
e. Italy and the Low Countries
Which of the following statements concerning the impact of Christianity on polytheistic religions in western Europe is most accurate? Select one: a. Few polytheistic religions existed in Europe during the Middle Ages, but their influences grew. b. Christianity eradicated all traces of those earlier religions as the new religion became universal in western Europe. c. Although Christianity made inroads, many areas of Europe retained polytheistic beliefs and rejected the new religion. d. Small islands of polytheistic belief remained, but most Europeans converted from polytheistic faiths in the initial post-classical centuries. e. The process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity.
e. The process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with Christianity.
Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval West is NOT true? Select one: a. They were obligated to turn over part of their goods to remain on the land. b. They retained essential ownership of their houses. c. They had heavy obligations to their lords. d. They received protection and the administration of justice from their landlords. e. They could be bought and sold by their landlords.
e. They could be bought and sold by their landlords.
Who were the Scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval West until the 10th century? Select one: a. Mongols b. Chinese c. Turks d. Muslims e. Vikings
e. Vikings
All of the following were functions of the merchant and artisan guilds EXCEPT Select one: a. regulation of apprenticeship. b. limitation of membership. c. guaranteeing good workmanship in their products. d. giving its members an equal share in resources. e. ensuring a free-market economy.
e. ensuring a free-market economy.
All of the following were outcomes of Justinian's wars of reconquest EXCEPT Select one: a. weakening of the empire's defenses on its eastern frontiers. b. short-lived military successes in north Africa and Italy. c. increased tax pressures on the government. d. establishment of a temporary capital at the key artistic center at Ravenna. e. the permanent addition of Rome to the Byzantine Empire.
e. the permanent addition of Rome to the Byzantine Empire.
The Aztec awaited the appearance of an eagle landing on a cactus with a serpent in its mouth. When this appeared Select one: a. Lake Texcoco would dry up. b. their capitol would be destroyed. c. a strong female ruler would emerge. d. the sun would not shine. e. their wanderings would end.
e. their wanderings would end.
The members of the military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called Select one: a. lords. b. fiefs. c. serfs. d. benefices. e. vassals.
e. vassals.