AP World Unit 4

All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPT African forms of religious observance African musical forms knowledge of how to grow African crops African folklore African monetary systems

African Music Forms

Which of the following consequences of the Columbian Exchange most affected Amerindians in the sixteenth century? Diseases caused pandemics. Newly introduced crops replaced indigenous American crops. The influx of African slaves displaced Amerindians. European livestock disrupted Amerindian agriculture.

Diseases caused pandemics.

Historians consider the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries to be a time of great change in cultivation methods and in the physical landscape of Latin America. Which of the following pairings was most responsible for these changes? Terraces and cacao Encomiendas and corn Horses and potatoes Slave labor and sugar

Slave labor and sugar

The transfer of which of the following as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800? Sugarcane Potatoes Cattle Tobacco

Sugarcane

In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes? The adoption of indigenous food crops by African migrants Portuguese loss of colonial holdings in the Indian Ocean The rapid natural increase of Brazil's early slave population The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

The economies of the southern colonies of colonial British America developed most like colonial economies in Canada the Dutch East Indies the Caribbean and Brazil Ireland and Scotland Massachusetts and New York

the Caribbean and Brazil

All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT the shift in trade focus from Saharan routes to the coast destabilization of local African societies the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market increased violence through widespread use of firearms

the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market

The Columbian Exchange involved which of the following new connections in the era 1450-1750? European food to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the Western Hemisphere European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

Which of the following provides the most accurate description of the Columbian Exchange? European food to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere diseases to Europe; African population to Europe African livestock to the Western Hemisphere; European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere food to Europe Western Hemisphere technology to Africa; African food to Europe; European population to the New World European technology to Africa; Western Hemisphere population to Africa; African food to the Western Hemisphere African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

African population to the Western Hemisphere; Western Hemisphere food to Europe and Africa; African and European diseases to the Western Hemisphere

"Migration of man and his maladies is the chief cause of epidemics. And when migration takes place, those creatures who have been in isolation longest suffer most, for their genetic material has been least tempered by the variety of world diseases. Among the major subdivisions of the species Homo Sapiens, the American Indian probably had the dangerous privilege of the longest isolation from the rest of mankind." Alfred Crosby, world historian, 1967 Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above? Various Amerindian groups did not have contact with each other before 1492. Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage. The genetic makeup of the native population of the Americas remained unchanged until 1492. By 1492 Amerindians generally had migrated for shorter distances than had other groups.

Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.

The implicit claim made by the image about a connection between religious devotion and maritime exploration best demonstrates which of the following in the period circa 1450-1750 ? Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions. Church authorities argued that religious diversity should be respected and protected. The intensification of cross-cultural interactions resulted in the development of syncretic religions. Religious motivations for European exploration and colonization were secondary to economic motivations.

Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions.

Which of the following represents a significant change in Africa between 1450 C.E. and 1750 C.E.? Bantu-speaking people spread iron metallurgy to East and Central Africa. Europeans established settler colonies in East and Central Africa. Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara. Islam was introduced and widely adopted in North Africa.

Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara.

PORTUGUESE IVORY PLAQUE REPRESENTING THE CHRIST CHILD ON A SAILING SHIP, PRODUCED IN PORTUGUESE GOA,* EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that: salvation for the Portuguese inhabitants of Goa could be obtained only by rejecting material wealth Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces because of their belief in the prophecy of Jesus, the Muslim inhabitants of Goa could also obtain salvation Jesus was going to provide the Portuguese with new sailing technologies for their ships if they continued to follow him

Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces

Which of the following would best support the conclusion that the Columbian Exchange involved more profound consequences than did earlier biological exchanges in world history? -Previous exchanges did not involve societies at radically different levels of technological development. -Previous exchanges did not involve the world's two hemispheres. -The Columbian Exchange involved the peaceful transfer of animals, plants, and diseases. -The Columbian Exchange was accompanied by the spread of missionary religions.

Previous exchanges did not involve the world's two hemispheres.

PORTUGUESE IVORY PLAQUE REPRESENTING THE CHRIST CHILD ON A SAILING SHIP, PRODUCED IN PORTUGUESE GOA,* EARLY SEVENTEENTH CENTURY The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following? The establishment of plantation economies The spread of printing-press technology The development of trading-post empires The decline of Asian states such as the Mughal Empire

The development of trading-post empires

"Seeing how vile and despicable the idol was, we went outside to ask why they cared about so crude and ungainly a thing. But they, astounded at our daring, defended the honor of their god and said that he was Pachacamac, the Maker of the World, who healed their infirmities. According to what we were able to learn, the devil appeared to their priests in that hut and spoke with them, and they entered there with petitions and offerings from the entire kingdom of Atahualpa, just as Moors and Turks go to the house in Mecca. Seeing the evil of what was there and the blindness of all those people, we gathered together their leaders and enlightened them. And in the presence of all, the hut was opened and torn down and with much solemnity a tall cross was raised over the seat which for so long the devil had claimed as his own." Miguel de Estete, Spanish mercenary soldier, account of an expedition to Which of the following long-term changes in the period circa 1550-1700 best demonstrates that the actions described by de Estete in the passage failed to fully achieve their goals? The development of a global economy based on Spanish exports of Andean silver American foods becoming staple crops in Eurasia The emergence of syncretic religious practices in the Americas The growing Spanish dependence on coerced labor in the Americas

The emergence of syncretic religious practices in the Americas

The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450-1750 ? Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods. European luxury goods became increasingly popular among Asian populations in the region. Natural resources from the Americas allowed Asian producers to diversify the products they sold to European merchants. European artisans in the region increasingly copied Islamic and Indian styles in their artistic productions.

Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.

During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was the demand for weapons among African elites bribery of African leaders by Caribbean plantation owners the desire of African leaders to dominate the Atlantic trade network the ambition of African leaders to gain a foothold in the Americas

bribery of African leaders by Caribbean plantation owners

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by increased production of cash crops like sugar growth of silver mining in New Spain industrialized textile mills' demand for raw cotton African slave-trading kingdoms' demand for European trade goods

increased production of cash crops like sugar

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of cotton sugar tobacco rice coffee

sugar