ap world unit 7

Which of the following best explains why the British government felt the need to distribute the pamphlet? Responses A British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperialist protests among India's large Muslim population. B Many people in Britain regarded the First World War as a religious conflict between Christian and Islamic states. C Religious tensions between India's Muslim and Christian populations significantly increased before the outbreak of the First World War. D British passenger ships and shipping companies made significant profits by transporting Muslim pilgrims on the hajj from India to Mecca and Medina.

A British authorities were concerned that going to war against a Muslim country could fuel anti-imperialist protests among India's large Muslim population.

The expenditures shown in the table most strongly illustrate which of the following? Responses A Despite some medical advances, the environment in Africa continued to present unique challenges to European imperialism. B Despite economic challenges they faced at home, European imperial powers continued to finance local manufacturing in their colonies. C The primary objective of European imperialism in Africa was to stop the rule of private joint-stock companies. D European colonial powers did not build roads, bridges, or railways in the African territories under their control.

A Despite some medical advances, the environment in Africa continued to present unique challenges to European imperialism.

Some historians consider the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century to have been crucial decades in the development of Western thought. Which of the following best supports that contention? Responses A Discoveries in physics introduced the concepts of uncertainty and relativity, which challenged mechanistic models of the universe. B Christian missionaries introduced strains of relativism into Western thought after encountering cultures with radically different world views. C Efficiency experts employed scientific methods to regulate the workplace and thereby encouraged faith in economic progress. D Visual artists inspired by photography made realism the dominant aim of painter and sculptors.

A Discoveries in physics introduced the concepts of uncertainty and relativity, which challenged mechanistic models of the universe.

The economic development Stalin describes above was achieved primarily through which of the following? Responses A Government control of the national economy B Foreign investment from Western Europe C Extensive trade with the United States D Creation of private companies by Russian entrepreneurs

A Government control of the national economy

Which of the following was the major long-term political effect of the Great Depression? Responses A Governments began to take a more active role in economic life. B Labor unions in industrialized states dominated political life. C Philanthropic organizations provided relief for disadvantaged children D Governments created policies to restrict international trade.

A Governments began to take a more active role in economic life.

Which of the following was a major long-term effect of the global economic depression of the 1930s? Responses A Governments began to take a more active role in their economies. B Global warming was accelerated by increased burning of fossil fuels. C Land-based empires such as the Ottoman Empire became stronger. D Individuals such as Gandhi developed the practice of nonviolence.

A Governments began to take a more active role in their economies.

Which of the following best supports the contention that the First World War was the first total war? Responses A Governments mobilized large segments of their populations and economies and targeted their opponents' military and economic capabilities. B The militaries of all major powers used the most advanced weaponry available to them. C All the major European powers were involved in the war. D Many of the countries on the victorious side of the war were weakened politically by conflict.

A Governments mobilized large segments of their populations and economies and targeted their opponents' military and economic capabilities.

Ideas similar to those expressed in the passage would contribute most directly to which of the following? Responses A Japanese imperialist policies in East and Southeast Asia in the first half of the twentieth century B Japanese government attempts to mobilize public opinion by promoting the veneration of the emperor in the 1930s and 1940s C Japan's policy of demilitarization after the end of the Second World War D Japan's "economic miracle" in the 1960s and 1970s

A Japanese imperialist policies in East and Southeast Asia in the first half of the twentieth century

The passage best exemplifies which of the following historical developments? Responses A Khrushchev's attempt to distance his rule from Stalinist atrocities B Khrushchev's defense of communism as an alternative to free-market capitalism C The Soviet Union's deployment of ballistic missiles to Cuba D The diplomatic split between Communist China and the Soviet Union

A Khrushchev's attempt to distance his rule from Stalinist atrocities

A historian researching the motives of the perpetrators of the Holocaust would find which of the following sources most useful? Responses A Letters and publications written by Nazi leaders before the Second World War B The diary of Anne Frank, written by a Jewish girl who lived in hiding from the Nazis during the Second World War C Reports of Adolf Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch, his 1923 attempt to take over the German government D Field reports from American, British, and Russian generals published after the Second World War

A Letters and publications written by Nazi leaders before the Second World War

Which of the following types of evidence does Watson (Source 1) cite to support his claim that early German support for the war was not limited to the young? Responses A Muster rolls and letters B Newspaper articles C Propaganda ministry records D The works of other historians of the war

A Muster rolls and letters

Which of the following best describes the cause of the developments described in the passage? Responses A Soviet efforts to modernize their economy through government control B Soviet reaction to the economic crisis of the Great Depression C Protests against the environmental effects of economic development D Scientific breakthroughs in transportation and communication

A Soviet efforts to modernize their economy through government control

Which of the following true statements about the Netherlands best explains how the newspaper's national origin likely influenced the view of Germany expressed in the editorial? Responses A The Netherlands, by remaining neutral during the war, profited significantly from helping Germany evade the Entente's naval blockade. B The Netherlands, like Germany before the war, had a significant overseas empire. C The Netherlands, like Germany, had a large merchant fleet. D The Netherlands, like Germany until 1918, was a constitutional monarchy, although the Dutch monarchs had less effective power than the German kaiser.

A The Netherlands, by remaining neutral during the war, profited significantly from helping Germany evade the Entente's naval blockade.

Which of the following directly enabled the establishment of the government that produced the poster? Responses A The collapse of the Russian Empire under the stress of the First World War B Redrawn national boundaries as a result of peace treaties ending the First World War C The abolition of serfdom and other forms of coerced labor in Russia during the nineteenth century D Increased ethnic violence in Russia due to imperial expansion in the nineteenth century

A The collapse of the Russian Empire under the stress of the First World War

The photograph above of German East African troops best illustrates which of the following historical processes during the First World War? Responses A The increasing inclusion of non-Europeans in European conflicts B The undermining of European claims to moral superiority as a result of the destructiveness of the First World War C The development of African nationalism as a consequence of Africans' involvement in European wars D The gradual extension of self-rule to Europe's African colonies in the face of anticolonial protests by Africans

A The increasing inclusion of non-Europeans in European conflicts

Asian reactions to Western claims of racial and cultural superiority, such as the reaction by Shigenobu in the passage, were also instrumental in the period 1918-1945 in the Responses A intensification of anti-imperial resistance activities and independence movements B growing number of conversions to Christianity among Asian peoples C growing popularity of laissez-faire economic policies in Asian states D establishment of European immigrant enclaves in many parts of South and East Asia

A intensification of anti-imperial resistance activities and independence movements

Which of the following developments during the Second World War would Franck most likely have cited as evidence to support his arguments in the passage? Responses A Nazi scientists were working frantically to develop nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction that could save the Nazi regime from defeat. B Allied firebombing in Germany and Japan had caused massive devastation and civilian casualties, and atomic weapons were vastly more powerful than those used in firebombing. C German scientists such as Franck were critical to helping the United States develop nuclear weapons, and some of those scientists wanted the weapons used on Germany rather than Japan. D Some United States allies were largely unaware of the United States attempt to develop nuclear weapons.

B Allied firebombing in Germany and Japan had caused massive devastation and civilian casualties, and atomic weapons were vastly more powerful than those used in firebombing.

Which of the following best explains the changes depicted in Map 2 ? Responses A The rise of the Safavid Persian Empire B European imperialism and increasing ethnic nationalism C Sunni versus Shia rivalries within the Islamic world D The decline of Silk Road trade routes

B European imperialism and increasing ethnic nationalism

The table best supports which of the following conclusions? Responses A European powers did not provide financial support for the maintenance of their colonies. B European powers maintained colonies despite global war and economic depression. C Europeans migrated and established settler communities in Africa. D Revenue from cash crops accounted for the majority of "other income" in French African colonies.

B European powers maintained colonies despite global war and economic depression.

Giolitti's concerns in Source 2 about the potential consequences of conflict in the Balkans are most directly explained by which of the following developments in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? Responses A Ethnic and religious diversity in European states ensured that ethnic tensions in one region would quickly spread across Europe and spark civil wars. B European states entered into military alliances with each other that forced them to come to their allies' aid in the event of conflict with a nonallied state. C Military experts feared that future wars between European states would likely be far deadlier than past wars, because of the recent development of more advanced weapons. D Conflict between European rivals had already led to the dissolution of imperial states such as the Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire.

B European states entered into military alliances with each other that forced them to come to their allies' aid in the event of conflict with a nonallied state.

Watson, in the first paragraph of Source 1, uses the newspaper quote to support the claim that Responses A Russian troops committed atrocities against German civilians B German propaganda portrayed the conflict with Russia as a defensive war C parts of eastern Germany were occupied by Russian troops in the early stages of the war D ordinary Germans were not genuinely afraid of the effects of a possible Russian invasion

B German propaganda portrayed the conflict with Russia as a defensive war

As shown in the image, the deployment of soldiers by European powers most directly relates to which of the following causes of conflict during the early twentieth century? Responses A The network of rival alliance systems B Imperialist expansion and competition for resources C Decline in global economic production and trade D The emergence of revolutionary communism

B Imperialist expansion and competition for resources

Taken together, the two sources best support which of the following conclusions regarding the situation in British India in 1940? Responses A The British skillfully manipulated religious tensions within India to rally support for the imperial war effort. B Indian opposition to British rule involved groups pursuing very different political goals. C Indian Muslim religious scholars rejected Gandhi's emphasis on nonviolence to achieve political change. D There was a clear difference between Hindu and Muslim visions of what postwar India should be.

B Indian opposition to British rule involved groups pursuing very different political goals.

The policy of requiring Koreans to adopt Japanese names most directly illustrates which of the following aspects of interwar Japan? Responses A Its traditional samurai culture B Its extreme nationalism C Its alliance with Nazi Germany D Its economic modernization

B Its extreme nationalism

Which of the following arguments would a supporter of using nuclear weapons against Japan have most likely cited to explain the limitations of Franck's arguments in the first and second paragraphs? Responses A The United States use of nuclear weapons against Japan might provoke the Soviet Union into becoming Japan's ally. B Japanese government propaganda instilled fierce, suicidal nationalism in the Japanese population, making Japan unlikely to surrender unconditionally without experiencing the effects of nuclear weapons. C The United States use of nuclear weapons against Japan would likely force the United States into a prolonged occupation of Japan in order to ensure the economic redevelopment of the country. D Japanese military actions in the Pacific, though often brutal, did not justify the use of nuclear weapons against Japanese cities with large civilian populations.

B Japanese government propaganda instilled fierce, suicidal nationalism in the Japanese population, making Japan unlikely to surrender unconditionally without experiencing the effects of nuclear weapons.

Which of the following twentieth-century developments most directly weakened European colonial states and contributed to the changes between the two maps? Responses A The decline of European economies during the Great Depression B Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia during the Second World War C Competition between Great Britain and France D The conquest of Spanish imperial territories by the United States

B Japanese occupation of Southeast Asia during the Second World War

Which of the following most directly led to the start of the First World War? Responses A European powers meeting in Berlin in 1884 and 1885 to divide Africa into colonies B Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources C Japanese imperialist expansion into Korea and China D Political tensions between communist and capitalist states

B Nationalist competition among industrialized powers for resources

Which of the following is an accurate description of relations between European states and the Ottoman Empire in the period 1815 to 1914 ? Responses A The Ottomans were expanding at the expense of Russia, England, and France. B Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans. C The Ottomans, in alliance with the Russians, English, and French, sought to impede German unification. D The Ottomans supported nationalism in the Balkans to destabilize Europe. E The Ottomans and the French cooperated in colonizing North Africa.

B Russian, English, and French expansion came at the expense of the Ottomans.

Which development during the first decade of the twentieth century can best be explained in the context of the "weakening of the conservative principle" mentioned in the first paragraph of the passage? Responses A The collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as socialists in the Balkans led revolutions that greatly weakened the Habsburg monarchy B The Mexican Revolution, as middle classes and peasants united to oust longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz and establish a more equitable society C The Boer War, in which Dutch-speaking white settlers inflicted several military defeats on British colonial armies in southern Africa D The formation of the Triple Entente alliance, in which Great Britain, France, and Russia pledged to work together to check the rise of Germany

B The Mexican Revolution, as middle classes and peasants united to oust longtime dictator Porfirio Díaz and establish a more equitable society

The image can best help explain which of the following differences between the Nazi program of genocide and other acts of genocide in the early twentieth century? Responses A The Nazis persecuted specific ethnic and religious groups because they viewed them as threats to the state. B The Nazis industrialized the killing process, allowing them to commit murder on a massive scale. C The Nazis attempted to conceal their atrocities from the larger international community. D The Nazis committed their crimes during the course of a major international conflict.

B The Nazis industrialized the killing process, allowing them to commit murder on a massive scale.

Based on the passage, it can be inferred that Mazower might also support which of the following assertions? Responses A The industrial capacity of the United States doomed Hitler's project for a Nazi-dominated Europe to failure from the start. B The Nazis' rigidly ideological approach to empire building prevented them from consolidating their control of continental Europe. C Ordinary Germans' revulsion at the genocidal policies of the Nazi Party as the Second World War progressed would have resulted in a revolution in Germany even if Hitler had won the military conflict. D Stalin's modernization policies would have enabled the Soviet Union to defeat Nazi Germany regardless of Hitler's policies.

B The Nazis' rigidly ideological approach to empire building prevented them from consolidating their control of continental Europe.

The memorandum is best explained in the context of which of the following developments in the early twentieth century? Responses A The decline of the Western-dominated global order B The emergence of external and internal challenges that threatened the stability of imperial states C The emergence of new nation-states based on the principle of ethnic self-determination D The use of government propaganda to mobilize national populations for conflict with rival states

B The emergence of external and internal challenges that threatened the stability of imperial states

Which of the following statements best represents a nationalistic interpretation of the collapse of the Ottoman and Russian empires during and immediately after the First World War? Responses A Military weakness and political instability were the primary reasons for the collapse of these empires. B The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse. C The slow pace of industrialization in these empires left them unable to compete militarily and politically with more developed countries. D Religious differences between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire led to their final collapse.

B The growing demands of various ethnic groups within these multiethnic empires were the primary reasons for the collapse.

The passage above best exemplifies which of the following processes shortly after the outbreak of the First World War? Responses A The increasingly authoritarian methods used by European teachers B The strengthening of nationalist sentiment throughout Europe C The emergence of a pan-European antiwar movement D The key role European women played in sustaining the war effort

B The strengthening of nationalist sentiment throughout Europe

As described by Keshavarz in the first paragraph, which of the following would best explain why European countries were implementing policies to increase the size of their populations? Responses A They had adopted Marxist economic philosophy. B They wanted to address the effects of the First World War and mobilize for future conflicts. C They needed to employ the workers who had lost their jobs in the Great Depression. D They feared a popular backlash against the economic and social costs of the welfare state.

B They wanted to address the effects of the First World War and mobilize for future conflicts.

Which of the following best describes the likely intent of the poster? Responses A To build support for Soviet participation in institutions of international governance such as the League of Nations B To build support for centrally directed economic modernization programs in the Soviet Union C To promote Soviet free-market economic policies and participation in international trade agreements D To promote resistance to the prevailing political and economic order in the Soviet Union

B To build support for centrally directed economic modernization programs in the Soviet Union

All of the following resulted from the French and Russian Revolutions EXCEPT Responses A a loss of power for the established church B a socialist economic system C the execution of the monarch and family D the rise of a strong autocratic leader

B a socialist economic system

The Brazilian government's pride in listing the extensive workers' rights guaranteed under the 1937 constitution is significant because it shows that Responses A governments across the political spectrum sought the support of the military in obtaining political power B governments across the political spectrum were influenced by socialist economic and social policies C governments across the political spectrum used nationalism to mobilize their populations for war D governments across the political spectrum promoted state-led industrialization to foster economic growth

B governments across the political spectrum were influenced by socialist economic and social policies

The change in the total number of athletes shown in the graph circa 1932 was most directly a result of the Responses A spread of Cold War proxy conflicts in Africa and Asia B lingering effects of a global economic depression C creation of new nations after the First World War D success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

B lingering effects of a global economic depression

Shigenobu's point of view regarding Western attitudes toward Japan as expressed in the passage is significant in that similar ideas were used by members of the Japanese government during the period between the First and the Second World Wars to justify Responses A engaging in war with Russia over influence in Manchuria B militarizing the Japanese state and expanding its territories in Asia C overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate and establishing the Meiji dynasty D introducing reforms that industrialized Japan's economy

B militarizing the Japanese state and expanding its territories in Asia

The treaties that settled the conflict referred to in the passage most directly changed the geopolitical structure of the Middle East in which of the following ways? Responses A Most states that were formerly under European colonial rule became independent. B The state of Israel was created, which led to numerous wars. C Allied powers received territorial mandates from the League of Nations. D Religious fundamentalism increased, which led to attacks on Western states.

C Allied powers received territorial mandates from the League of Nations.

The differences in the passages above are most likely a result of which of the following? Responses A Ideological struggles between communist and capitalist political parties B The Japanese emperor's acceptance of Enlightenment ideals C Demilitarization imposed by the United States after the Second World War D The persistence of mass antiwar protests in Japan

C Demilitarization imposed by the United States after the Second World War

The poster can most directly be used as evidence to illustrate which of the following continuities of the twentieth century? Responses A Fascist states used propaganda to glorify their leaders. B Governments used propaganda to resist liberal social and economic reforms. C Governments used propaganda to mobilize populations against their enemies. D Totalitarian governments used propaganda to suppress ideological opposition to their rule.

C Governments used propaganda to mobilize populations against their enemies.

Which of the following most directly explains the Nazis' ability to carry out the policies of extermination shown in the image? Responses A Jews in many regions of Europe had been restricted to certain occupations and had to live in ghettos until the nineteenth century. B Many European Jews emigrated to Palestine after the First World War following the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the region. C Local populations collaborated with the regime either out of racial prejudice, fear, or hopes for material gain. D Nazi officials used propaganda to convince local populations that German occupation would benefit and liberate them.

C Local populations collaborated with the regime either out of racial prejudice, fear, or hopes for material gain.

The opinion expressed in the passage above is most consistent with which of the following? Responses A Privatizing Mexico's water and mineral resources B Guaranteeing workers' rights to organize and go on strike C Redistributing one-third of the land controlled by large landholders to landless peasants D Abrogating all contracts giving foreign nationals ownership of Mexican land

C Redistributing one-third of the land controlled by large landholders to landless peasants

The situation shown in the image is best understood in the context of which of the following aspects of twentieth-century warfare? Responses A States used propaganda to intensify patriotism in times of war. B States used new industrial technologies to fight wars that were deadlier and more expensive. C States made full use of their populations and material resources to fight total wars. D States increasingly mobilized their citizens for warfare regardless of gender or class.

C States made full use of their populations and material resources to fight total wars.

The primary rationale for Japan's territorial acquisitions in Southeast Asia during the period 1933-1942, as reflected in Map 2, was most similar to the primary rationale for which of the following? Responses A The Ottoman Empire's conquest of the Middle East and North Africa B France's conquests in central and southern Europe under Napoleon C The British East India Company's takeover of other European states' colonial possessions in India D The Qing dynasty's expansion into Central Asia

C The British East India Company's takeover of other European states' colonial possessions in India

The declaration's mention of a "heavy toll" in the third paragraph was most likely a reference to which of the following? Responses A The casualties of the First World War B The deaths that occurred as a result of the use of nuclear weapons during the Second World War C The deaths that occurred during the Holocaust D The mass violence that occurred under communist leaders, such as Mao Zedong

C The deaths that occurred during the Holocaust

Which of the following was the most important factor behind Europeans' readiness to embrace authoritarian political systems in the 1930s? Responses A Dissatisfaction with the welfare state B Admiration for the economic achievement of the Soviet Union under Stalin C The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression D Resentment of United States mass culture and consumer society

C The economic crisis caused by the Great Depression

Contemporaries who agreed with Franck's argument in the second and third paragraphs regarding the need for an international agreement would most likely have made which of the following arguments to support their position? Responses A New international organizations could have only a limited effect in restraining the actions of the great powers. B The peace agreements should ensure that Germany could never threaten the stability of Europe again. C The end of the war would probably lead to a new rivalry between the victorious states. D Mass atrocities committed during the war required that states possess sufficient armaments to defend themselves in future conflicts.

C The end of the war would probably lead to a new rivalry between the victorious states.

The implementation of the policies of extermination shown in the image is most directly explained by which of the following aspects of Nazi ideology? Responses A The idea that Germans descended from a master "Aryan" race B The idea that some minority populations could eventually be Germanized C The idea that minority populations within Germany were somehow responsible for its defeat during the First World War D The idea that Germany needed to expand its postwar borders in order to provide "living space" for its people

C The idea that minority populations within Germany were somehow responsible for its defeat during the First World War

Which of the following best explains the historical significance of views such as those expressed in the passage? Responses A They show that many political leaders used the economic challenges of the Great Depression to justify implementing repressive policies. B They show that many states responded to the Great Depression by using race-based ideologies to mobilize economic resources. C They show that, in response to the disruptions of the Great Depression, many political leaders saw it as their duty to take an active role in guiding economic life. D They show that, in response to the disruptions of the Great Depression, some states reaffirmed their commitment to pursuing liberal economic policies.

C They show that, in response to the disruptions of the Great Depression, many political leaders saw it as their duty to take an active role in guiding economic life.

Shigenobu's criticism of European race-based discrimination against Japanese people is significant mostly because it shows that advocates of Japanese imperialism Responses A shared European Enlightenment views about representative government and natural rights B accepted Western racial hierarchies and the place that those hierarchies assigned to Asian peoples C adopted the European attitudes about a "civilizing mission" and used those attitudes to justify Japan's own imperial policies D vigorously opposed European and United States' restrictions on Japanese immigration to the United States and Europe or European colonies

C adopted the European attitudes about a "civilizing mission" and used those attitudes to justify Japan's own imperial policies

The mention of "President Wilson's principles" is most directly significant to understanding the editorial's point of view about the Treaty of Versailles because of the United States president's commitment to Responses A establish an international organization to prevent future conflicts B work to create nation-states for ethnic minorities that had been under imperial control C broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge D resist the spread of Bolshevism following the Russian Revolution

C broker a peace agreement on liberal principles that would not be motivated by revenge

The Ottoman Empire likely entered into the conflict referred to in the passage because Responses A it shared religious and cultural values with Germany and Austria-Hungary. B it had undertaken significant political and economic reforms in the late nineteenth century. C it had lost significant territory to other European states in the nineteenth century. D its economy significantly lagged behind those of the other European powers.

C it had lost significant territory to other European states in the nineteenth century.

Moltke's prediction in Source 1 about the consequences of a potential war between Germany and France is most directly explained by the fact that Responses A France's recent industrialization made it militarily superior to Germany B France had a much larger population than Germany C previous conflicts had stirred intense nationalism in France and Germany D fascists within Germany sought to use a potential war with France as an excuse to establish a dictatorship

C previous conflicts had stirred intense nationalism in France and Germany

Which of the following best describes the 1936 lithograph (entitled The Hero) by German artist George Grosz? Responses A A propaganda poster prepared by the Nazi Party B A protest poster against the atrocities of the atomic bomb C A representation of a Holocaust victim D A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment

D A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment

Which of the following best describes the lithograph above by German artist George Grosz? Responses A A propaganda poster prepared for the Nuremberg Rally by the Nazi Party B A protest poster against the atrocities of the atomic bomb C A representation of a Holocaust victim from Dachau D A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment E A twentieth-century painting exemplifying the ideas of the Cubists

D A post-First World War print expressing antiwar sentiment

The global economic downturn of the 1930s had which of the following effects on nations in Europe and North America? Responses A International trade increased because nations lowered trade barriers. B Industrialized countries became more democratic as the public sought greater input in the making of economic policy. C Most imperial powers granted independence to their colonies because the costs of maintaining empires became unsustainable. D Governments took a more active role in directing and regulating their economies to stimulate growth.

D Governments took a more active role in directing and regulating their economies to stimulate growth.

Which of the following factors contributed most significantly to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century? Responses A Adoption of gunpowder weaponry B The Opium Wars C The Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 D Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism

D Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism

Which of the following contributed significantly to the decline of both the Qing and the Ottoman Empires? Responses A Widespread revolts by factory workers and labor unions B Collapse of domestic stock and bond markets C Attempts by the Soviet Union to spread world communism D Internal conflict with ethnic and religious minorities

D Internal conflict with ethnic and religious minorities

In the excerpt above, Mustafa Kemal is most clearly supporting which of the following? Responses A Fundamentalism B Totalitarianism C Marxism D Nationalism

D Nationalism

The image can best be used to illustrate which of the following about communist states? Responses A The collectivization of agriculture B Limited technological progress in comparison with Western states C State control of borders with noncommunist states D State control over the economy

D State control over the economy

Which of the following best explains a potentially significant limitation of using the document for understanding the reforms described in the passage in Brazil? Responses A The document likely exaggerates the extent to which the reforms benefited Brazil's middle and upper classes. B The document likely exaggerates the importance of the Work Tribunal in reshaping economic development in Brazil. C The document likely ignores the deep tensions that existed between workers and union leaders. D The document likely ignores some economic problems that might have occurred because of the reforms.

D The document likely ignores some economic problems that might have occurred because of the reforms.

In Poem 2, the reference to Indian victories on battlefields is best understood in the context of which of the following? Responses A Violent resistance by Indians to colonial rule B The drafting of migrants into the militaries of host countries C Indian resistance to Japanese imperialism D The mobilization of Indian troops to fight in Great Britain's wars

D The mobilization of Indian troops to fight in Great Britain's wars

Which of the following accurately explains the historical significance of the harsh conditions imposed on Germany that the editorial describes? Responses A They led to a successful communist revolution in Germany. B They triggered a massive wave of emigration from Germany. C They resulted in the virtual deindustrialization of Germany. D They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany.

D They encouraged the rise of political extremism in Germany.

Durnovo's argument in the second paragraph regarding the effect of war between Germany and Russia on the two countries would prove to be Responses A inaccurate in its prediction that war between Germany and Russia would lead to "social revolution" B accurate in its prediction that both Germany and Russia would succumb to revolution regardless of which side won the war C inaccurate in its prediction that revolution would break out first in the defeated country D accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia

D accurate in its prediction that a war with Germany would create the circumstances for a revolution in Russia

In addition to the potential destabilization of the Ottoman Empire, Giolitti's argument in Source 2 regarding Italy's ambitions in Libya is likely explained by the concern that any attempt by a European state to acquire colonies in Africa could Responses A lead African states to unite with each other against European powers B greatly endanger the spread of Catholicism and enable the spread of Islam C encourage Japan to take advantage of the situation and conquer Italian colonies in Asia D dangerously intensify rivalries between European states seeking to acquire territories and resources

D dangerously intensify rivalries between European states seeking to acquire territories and resources

Goldfarb, in Source 2, most directly supports her claim that the British press during the First World War routinely suppressed important war news by citing Responses A letters by soldiers complaining of the incompetence of their leaders B rewards given to journalists by the British government C the more obtrusive press censorship of German authorities D the case of the sinking of a battleship and the Battle of Jutland

D the case of the sinking of a battleship and the Battle of Jutland

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the Chinese and the Mexican revolutions during the twentieth century? Responses A Both promoted imperialism. B Both were supported by Japan. C Both promoted religious education. D Both were supported by an elite group of landlords. E Both generated land-redistribution policies.

E Both generated land-redistribution policies.

Which of the following best describes an important difference between the theories of revolution of Mao Zedong and those of Lenin? Responses A Lenin stressed the need for a powerful state structure. B Lenin thought that Marx's writings were important. C Mao claimed that Marx's early writings were less valid than Marx's later ones. D Mao thought that communism was appropriate only for some nations and cultures. E Mao placed emphasis on the revolutionary potential of peasants.

E Mao placed emphasis on the revolutionary potential of peasants.

Which of the following countries experienced the greatest number of war-related deaths during the Second World War? Responses A India B Germany C Japan D The United States E The Soviet Union

E The Soviet Union