AP2 ch17

___________ is the clumping together of RBC and occurs when surface antigens (agglutinogens) are exposed to corresponding antibodies (agglutinins) from another blood type. It is also called a ______________ A) agglutination; cross reaction B) erythropoiesis; hemolysis C) antigenation; hemolysis

A) agglutination; cross reaction

Monocytes are classified as: A) agranular leukocytes, which are very large cells with kidney bean-shaped nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. B) granulocytes, which enter damaged tissues and release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation. C) agranular leukocytes, which are generally round cells with round nuclei and very little cytoplasm. D) granulocytes, which are phagocytic and engulf pathogens or debris in injured or infected tissues.

A) agranular leukocytes, which are very large cells with kidney bean-shaped nuclei and abundant cytoplasm.

Which of the following is not a phagocytic cell? A) basophil B) eosinophil C) monocytes D) neutrophil

A) basophil

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are A) basophils. B) eosinophils. C) neutrophils. D) lymphocytes. E) monocytes.

A) basophils.

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations. A) colony-stimulating factor B) testosterone C) estrogen D) fibrin E) erythropoietin (EPO)

A) colony-stimulating factor

____________ is the hormone that generates red blood cells A) erythropoietin B) colony stimulating factor C) bilirubin

A) erythropoietin

______________ are formed from hematopoietic stem cells. A) hemocytoblasts B) basophils C) hematopoiesis

A) hemocytoblasts

The _________ synthesizes about 90% of proteins A) Liver B) Kidney C) Spleen

A) liver

lymphoid stem cells produce _______ A) lymphocytes B) megakaryocytes C) platelets

A) lymphocytes

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies? A) type B B) type O C) type A D) type AB

A) type B

what are the three phases of hemostasis? A) vascular, platelet and coagulation B) fibrinogen, coagulation and hematostasis C) coagulation, inflammation and fever

A) vascular, platelet and coagulation

Myeloid stem cells to monoblasts and then to _______, and the thing that causes this is _____________ A) bilirubin; erythropoietin B) monocytes; colony stimulating factor C) stay the same; colony stimulating factor

B) monocytes; colony stimulating factor

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of A) basophils. B) neutrophils. C) reticulocytes. D) eosinophils. E) thrombocytes.

B) neutrophils.

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12? A) sickle cell anemia B) pernicious anemia C) malaria D) leukemia

B) pernicious anemia

Most carbon dioxide travels through the __________ A) platelets B) plasma C) hemoglobin

B) plasma

Myeloid stem cells differentiate into three types of ________ cells A) immature B) progenitor C) mature

B) progenitor

Formed elements are produced by stem calls in _______ bone marrow A) white B) red

B) red

The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except A) the thymus. B) the kidney. C) red bone marrow. D) the spleen. E) the lymph nodes.

B) the kidney.

Where do organs lymphocytes migrate to? (other than the ones that stay in the red bone marrow) A) yellow bone marrow, heart and kidney B) thymus, spleen and lymph nodes C) gallbladder, liver and appendix

B) thymus, spleen and lymph nodes

Bilirubin is __________. A) converted to biliverdin B) transported to the liver for excretion in the bile C) normally released into the peripheral tissues D) released from basophils

B) transported to the liver for excretion in the bile

In hemostasis during the _______ phase is where you have a big open vessel that is cut and the smooth muscle will contract and try to close off A) coagulation B) vascular C) platelet

B) vascular

what are the three things in plasma solutes? A) gas, leukocytes and neutrophils B) eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils C) electrolytes, organic nutrients and organic wastes

C) electrolytes, organic nutrients and organic wastes

Which of the following plasma proteins function in clotting? A) globulins B) albumins C) fibrinogen D) electrolytes

C) fibrinogen

_________ stem cells give rise to all other formed elements A) spinchtor B) basophils C) myeloid

C) myeloid

Platelets function in all of the following except A) initiating the clotting process. B) forming temporary clump in injured areas. C) releasing chemicals that stimulate clotting. D) dissolving a formed clot. E) contracting after clot formation.

D) dissolving a formed clot.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood? A) regulates the pH and ion concentrations of interstitial fluids B) transports nutrients to the tissues C) restricts fluid losses at injury sites D) generates body temperature

D) generates body temperature

Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen? A) immunoglobulin B) albumin C) transferrin D) hemoglobin E) All of the answers are correct.

D) hemoglobin

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in A) increased sensitivity to vitamin K. B) decreased iron absorption. C) renal anemia. D) increased erythropoiesis. E) decreased erythropoiesis.

D) increased erythropoiesis.

Erythropoietin: A) is the stem cell that gives rise to red blood cells. B) is a colony-stimulating factor. C) stimulates hypoxia. D) is released into the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to low oxygen concentrations.

D) is released into the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to low oxygen concentrations.

In the other solutes that make up 1%, ______ are Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-, HPO4- and So4^2-

electrolytes

For plasma proteins, _______ functions in clotting and makes up about 4% of plasma proteins

fibrinogen

Arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood but what is the one exception?

pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood and pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood

the development of formed elements is called _______ A) erythropoiesis B) hematopoiesis C) maturation

B) hematopoiesis

Why do males have a higher hematocrit percentage than females? A) males have more androgens that end up producing more red blood cells B) males do not menstrate C) males have a larger muscle mass that require more oxygen D) males do not have a higher hematocrit percentage than females E) A, B and C

E) A, B and C

myeloid stem cells to proerythroblasts into ______ A) WBC B) RBC

B) RBC

Fatty yellow bone marrow cannot convert to red bone marrow ever (true/false)

false. yellow bone marrow can convert to red bone marrow in case of severe blood loss to make RBC

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-Rh sera. Which of the following is not true? A) Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion. B) Bill's plasma contains Rh antibodies. C) Bill is Rh negative. D) Bill's plasma contains B antibodies. E) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood.

D) Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.

what lymphocyte stays and matures in the bone marrow? A) B cells B) T cells C) basophils

A) B cells

With large numbers of erythrocytes dying and being replaced every day, what happens to the heme released from the erythrocytes? A) Heme is catabolized into two pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin. B) The macrophage returns heme to the bone marrow to enter newly formed erythrocytes. C) The liver secretes heme into the bloodstream to be excreted. D) The liver secretes heme with the bile into the digestive tract. E) The kidney excretes heme in the urine, causing hemoglobinuria.

A) Heme is catabolized into two pigments, biliverdin and bilirubin.

Describe platelets and their origin. A) Platelets are cell fragments that develop from megakaryocytes. B) Platelets are the remnants of the reticulocyte organelles during the maturation of a reticulocyte into a red blood cell. C) Platelets are immature red blood cells. D) Platelets are precursor cells to the myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. E) Platelets are derived by lymphoid stem cells that divide into lymphocytes and in the process shed some cytoplasmic fragments.

A) Platelets are cell fragments that develop from megakaryocytes.

The end of a RBC life: plasma membrane ruptures (also called _________) or it is engulfed by ___________ in the spleen, liver or bone marrow A) hemolysis; macrophages B) erythropoiesis; b cells C) hemolysis; t cells

A) hemolysis; macrophages

Myeloid stem cells turn into __________ A) immature blast cells B) mature blast cells C) platelets

A) immature blast cells

In hemostasis during the __________ phase, platelets will stick to the endothelial surface and make a plug A) platelet B) vasoconstriction C) coagulation

A) platelet

myeloid stem cells differentiate into megakaryocytes then into _________ A) platelets B) bilirubin C) biliverdin

A) platelets

what are the 3 formed elements in blood? A) platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells B) basophils, platelets and megakayocytes C) platelets, electrolytes and water

A) platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. A) The platelet phase B) Fibrinolysis C) Vascular spasm D) Coagulation E) Retraction

D) Coagulation

Which of the following is incorrect about hemoglobin? A)Normally, each red blood cell contains about 280 million molecules of hemoglobin molecules. B) It is a plasma protein. C) It has a complex quaternary structure. D) It is associated with the transport of respiratory gases.

B) It is a plasma protein.

Type O+ blood cannot be given to a type __________ recipient. A) A+ B) O- C) O+ D) AB+

B) O-

myeloid stem cells to myeloblasts to _______ A) RBC B) WBC

B) WBC

What are the 3 main plasma proteins? A) proteins, hematocrit and albumins B) albumins, globulins and fibrinogens C) globulins, electrolytes and water

B) albumins, globulins and fibrinogens

_________ are substances that can elicit an immune response A) plasma proteins B) antigen C) erythrocytes

B) antigen

Which of the following terms can be used interchangeably? A) agglutinogen and agglutinin B) antigen and agglutinogen C) antigen and agglutinin D) antigen and antibody

B) antigen and agglutinogen

___________ build up is the waste of red blood cells and can cause jaundice A) biliverdin B) bilirubin c) platelets

B) bilirubin

The function of hemoglobin is to A) aid in the process of blood clotting. B) carry oxygen. C) produce antibodies. D) defend against bacterial infection. E) distribute nutrients.

B) carry oxygen.

In hemostasis during the ______ phase, involves steps leading to conversion of circulating fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin and it will form a blood clot A) platelet B) coagulation C) inflammation

B) coagulation

Which of the following are the most abundant of the formed elements? A) globulins B) erythrocytes C) leukocytes D) platelets

B) erythrocytes

__________ is the formation of red blood cells A) edema B) erythropoiesis C) hemolysis

B) erythropoiesis

Stimulation of cells from myeloid stem cells into RBC is caused by __________, that comes from the kidney and the liver when your body has low oxygen A) homeostasis B) erythropoietin C) colony stimulating factor

B) erythropoietin

Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of hemostasis? A) platelet B) fibrinous C) coagulation D) vascular

B) fibrinous

_______________ is your bodies response to blood loss A) hemolysis B) hemostasis C) immune response

B) hemostasis

Which of the following is not true of basophils? A) granules contain histamine B) increased production during parasitic infections C) promote inflammation D) constitute about 1 percent of WBCs E) contain dense blue stained granules in the Wright stain

B) increased production during parasitic infection

Which of the following plays a major role in the body's defense mechanisms? A) erythrocytes B) leukocytes C) platelets D) hematocrits

B) leukocytes

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs. A) Ribosomes B) Components of the cytoskeleton C) Hemoglobin molecules D) Mitochondria E) DNA

C) Hemoglobin molecules

myeloid stem cells produce ________ and other WBC A) basophils B) megakaryocytes C) RBC

C) RBC

A rouleaux is __________. A) the color of oxygenated blood B) the surface of the red blood cell C) a stack of red blood cells D) a transient white blood cell

C) a stack of red blood cells

Blood type A- would give which of the following results? A) agglutination with anti-A antibodies and agglutination with anti-Rh antibodies B) agglutination with anti-Rh antibodies C) agglutination with anti-A antibodies D) agglutination with anti-B antibodies E) agglutination with anti-Rh antibodies and agglutination with anti-B antibodies

C) agglutination with anti-A antibodies

surface antigens are also called _______ A) b cells B) t cells C) agglutinogens

C) agglutinogens

____________ is the hormones released by activated lymphocytes and other cells during immune response to stimulate blood cell formation A) epinephrine B) norepinephrine C) colony stimulating factor

C) colony stimulating factors

____________ is the protein that carries oxygen in RBC A) myoglobin B) linchtoglobin C) hemoglobin

C) hemoglobin

hemocytoblasts can turn into ______ stem cells or _____ stem cells A) megacaryocytes; megablasts B) carotoid; spinchtoid C) lymphoid; myeloid

C) lymphoid; myeloid

when monocytes leave the blood stream and are in the lymph nodes what are the called? A) NK cells B) B cells C) macrophages

C) macrophages

Myelocytes differentiate into band cells that differentiate into ________, ___________ and ________ A) B cells, T cells and NK cells B) CD8 cells, CD4 cells and B cells C) neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

C) neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

what are the 5 different types of white blood cells? A) epinephrine, norepinephrine, bilirubin, eosinophils and RBC B) RBC, platelets, megakaryocytes, bilirubin and bilivirdin C) neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils

C) neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils

Which of the following is not a component of plasma? A) electrolytes B) water C) platelets D) fibrinogen E) albumin

C) platelets

Which of the following is a congenital blood disorder? A) iron-deficiency anemia B) septicemia C) thalassemia D) leukemia

C) thalassemia

Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies? A) type AB B) type B C) type O D) type A

C) type O

Because of their short lifespan, a huge number of erythrocytes are recycled by macrophages. Which of the following is NOT a function of the macrophage? A) The macrophage phagocytizes hemoglobin from the bloodstream. B)The macrophage dismantles the globin portion of hemoglobin into individual amino acids. C)The macrophage synthesizes a small amount of hemoglobin and transports it to the bone marrow. D)The macrophage phagocytizes deteriorating and fragmented erythrocytes. E)The macrophage extracts iron from the heme portion of hemoglobin.

C)The macrophage synthesizes a small amount of hemoglobin and transports it to the bone marrow.

Jaundice is a symptom where the patient exhibits a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes. What causes jaundice? A) The colon absorbs bilirubin and secretes excess amounts in the blood. B) Macrophages increase their breakdown of erythrocytes. C) The kidney is damaged and is unable to excrete bilirubin. D) The liver is unable to process bilirubin, so its level in the blood rises.

D) The liver is unable to process bilirubin, so its level in the blood rises.

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are A) globulins. B) lipoproteins. C) transport proteins. D) albumins. E) fibrinogens.

D) albumins.

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A) lymphocytes B) platelets C) RBCs D) antibodies E) basophils

D) antibodies

What is determined by the surface antigens on RBCs? A) hematocrit B) the type of hemoglobin proteins inside C) how much oxygen is bound to hemoglobin D) blood type E) the developmental stage of the RBC

D) blood type

what type of tissue is blood?

connective tissue

For plasma proteins, ______ is 35% of the proteins in plasma; include antibodies and transport globulins

globulins

Blood is the only connective tissue that has a liquid matrix. (True/false)

true

RBC start off with nucleus and organells but when they mature they do not have anything in it (True/false)

true

Matching chose the correct answer for the following Myeloid stem cells differentiate into three types of progenitor cells that differentiate into 1. _________ and _______ 2. _________ 3. _________ A) megakaryocytes ; B) monoblast ; C) proerythroblasts ; D) myeloblasts

1. D / B 2. A 3. C

The function of red blood cells is to A) carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells. B) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells. C) defend the body against infectious organisms. D) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells. E) carry oxygen from the body's cells to the lungs.

D) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called A) myeloblasts. B) normoblasts. C) lymphoblasts. D) megakaryocytes. E) erythroblasts.

D) megakaryocytes.

Which white blood cell population is found in the highest abundance and has lobed nuclei resembling a string of beads? A) eosinophils B) lymphocytes C) basophils D) neutrophils

D) neutrophils

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. A) Polycythemia B) Thrombocytopenia C) Leukopenia D) Leukemia E) Anemia

E) Anemia

How do basophils respond to tissue damage? A) Basophils enter damaged tissue and engulf antibody-labeled materials, release cytotoxic enzymes, and reduce inflammation. B) Basophils provide defense against specific pathogens or toxins by becoming B plasma cells, which produce antibodies. C) Basophils enter damaged tissue first and in high numbers to engulf the pathogens and debris and release cytotoxic enzymes and chemicals that attract other WBCs to the region. D) Basophils enter damaged tissue and become macrophages which engulf pathogens or debris. E) Basophils enter damaged tissue and release a variety of chemicals, including histamine, which promotes inflammation.

E) Basophils enter damaged tissue and release a variety of chemicals, including histamine, which promotes inflammation.

Define hematocrit. A) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by water. B) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by plasma. C) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by white blood cells. D) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by platelets. E) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.

E) Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.

Choose the correct answer Stimulus for erythropoietin would be A) anemia B) reduced blood flow to the kidneys C) O2 content in lungs decreased from disease or high altitude D) Lung damage E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except A) wastes from the cells to the kidneys. B) stored nutrients from the liver to the tissues. C) hormones from endocrine glands to target cells. D) nutrients from the digestive tract to the body. E) carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues.

E) carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by A) fibrinogen-converting enzyme. B) prothrombin activator. C) factor VIII. D) plasmin. E) thrombin.

E) thrombin.

The most abundant component of plasma is A) gases. B) ions. C) proteins. D) nutrients. E) water.

E) water.

For plasma proteins, _______ is 60% of the plasma proteins; major contributors to the osmotic pressure of plasma

albumins

In the other solutes that make up 1%, _______ _______ are used for ATP production, growth, and cell maintenance; includes lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids

organic nutrients

In the other solutes that make up 1%, ______ ______ are carried to sites for breakdown or excretion; include urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin and amino acids

organic wastes