APES 7.7- Acid Rain WYRNTK

The concentration of H+ ions in a solution with a pH value of 4 is how many times as great as the concentration of H+ ions in a solution with a pH value of 7?

1,000

Acid rain with a pH of 4.6 is more acidic than normal rainfall by a factor of?

10

If the emissions that contribute to acid rain were completely eliminated, acid rain would stop falling in approximately?

2-3 weeks

At what range in pH will the ecology of a lake environment begin to be significantly impacted?

5.0-6.0

The pH of normal or average rainfall is about:

5.6

Acid precipitation, leaching out the metal ___, causes fish and other aquatic organisms to die from acid shock.

Al

Which pair of compounds reacts with H2O to produce acid rain?

SO2 and NOx

Acid rain may leach nutrients from the soil. This could lead to:

a decrease in plant growth

Which of the following would be the most likely effect of acid deposition on a northern forest? a. decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather b. decreased concentration of H+ ions in the soil c. decreased levels of light on the forest floor d. increased buffering capacity of the soil e. increased rates of photosynthesis in evergreen needles

a. decreased ability of trees to withstand cold weather

Recent studies show that the decline of some tree populations in the northeastern United States is due to a combination of factors. Which of the following is the most important factor? a. toxic metals freed by acid deposition b. carbon dioxide produced by coal-fueled electric power plants c. carbon monoxide released in motor vehicle exhaust d. lead emissions produced by smelters e. radon produced in the Earth's crust

a. toxic metals freed by acid deposition

The eggs and small fry of some aquatic organisms are damaged when a rapidly melting snowpack contains acidic particles, resulting in acid concentrations of 5 to 10 times higher than acidic rainfall. This condition is known as:

acid shock

Acid rain is associated with what?

adding lime to acidified lakes

High levels in surface water of which compound increases the risk of acid shock to aquatic life?

aluminum

In 1950, the pH of the pond water was 8.2, but by 2000 the pH had decreased to 5.2. Which of the following changes would also be expected in the pond over the same time period? I. Increased levels of dissolved oxygen II. Increased levels of heavy metals III. Increased number of fish species a. I only b. II only c. III only d. II and III e. I, II, and III

b. II only

Which of the following actions would be the most effective in decreasing acid rain and acid deposition problems? a. using higher smokestacks b. reducing use of fossil fuels c. developing acid-resistant crops d. adding lime to acidified lakes e. relocating power plants to areas of lower population density

b. reducing use of fossil fuels

The primary cause of acid precipitation in the northeastern United States is?

burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels to produce electricity

(2010) Approximately how many more times acidic, in terms of H+ concentration, is precipitation in the northeastern United States as compared to precipitation in the South Pacific? a. 0.1 b. 2 c. 10 d. 20 e. 100

c. 10

Is primarily responsible for acid rain in the northeast United States.

coal

In 1950, the pH of the pond water was 8.2, but by 2000 the pH had decreased to 5.2. An effective short-term remediation strategy for the pond would be to: a. build taller smokestacks downwind from the pond b. prevent fertilizer runoff from entering the pond c. periodically stock the pond with brown trout d. add calcium carbonate to the pond water e. use tertiary wastewater-treatment protocols

d. add calcium carbonate to the pond water

What effect can acid rain have on an aquatic ecosystem?

decline in plant growth

When acid rain falls on limestone statues, monuments, and gravestones, discoloring and disfiguring surfaces, the process is known as:

dissolution

Where is acid precipitation most commonly found?

downwind of industrial emissions

Acid rain has been measured in: a. the United States b. the Netherlands c. Australia d. Japan e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Which of the following would be the strongest evidence in support of a scientist's contention that a local area was experiencing acid deposition? a. a sudden die-off of all the fish in a local stream b. a gradual increase in the temperature of a local lake c. an increase in the rate of photosynthesis of aquatic plants in a local lake d. a long-term increase in the pH of a local pond e. an increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond

e. an increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond

Acid rain and snow harm some areas more than other areas because certain areas:

have less of an ability to neutralize the acids

Buildings or statues made of which materials are particularly susceptible to acid rain?

marble

Acid deposition most severely affects amphibian species because amphibians:

need to live in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats

Acid deposition on soil kills beneficial decomposers; which cycle would be most affected by the loss of decomposers?

nitrogen cycling

The arrow represents the approximate pH of what? (5.6 pH)

normal rainfall

Precipitation is considered acidic (e.g., rain, snow, sleet, hail, fog) if it has a pH less than:

pH 5.6

Doing what could most effectively reduce acid rain and acid deposition?

reducing the use and waste of electricity

The pH of precipitation in the United States is highest in the:

southwest and lowest in the northeast

Acid precipitation leads to an increase in which two elements in the soil?

sulfur and nitrogen

What is a major component in acid rain?

sulfuric acid

Acid deposition would most likely result in what?

the release of aluminum ions from soil

What is most likely to lead to acid rain?

the release of sulfur dioxide from a coal-fired power plant