APES chapter 24 (UNIT 9)

Which "R" of waste reduction can be described as "use it over and over"

reuse

Which industrialized nation has refused to sign the International Basel Convention to reduce and/or control movement of hazardous e-waste across international boundaries

The United States

What is an example of shared use

a community tool library

using living organisms to detoxify hazardous waste

biological methods

the use of bacteria and enzymes to help destroy toxic or hazardous substances in soil or convert them to harmless compounds

bioremediation

In an integrated waste management approach to solid waste, which action would be given last priority?

bury

For recycling to be successful, three steps must be applied consistently. The three steps, in order of application, are ____.

collecting recyclables, converting recyclables, and buying/selling recyclables

One advantage of materials recovery facilities (MRFs) is that ____

combustible wastes can be burned to generate electricity

Which characteristic would not be used to define hazardous waste

conductive

The life cycle of a product that begins when it is manufactured and ends when it is discarded as solid waste, typically in a landfill or as litter, is called ____

cradle-to-grave

Which method is not used to detoxify hazardous and toxic wastes

crushing and grinding

recycling a product into something that is not as useful or long-lived as the original item

downcycling

Discarded car batteries and dry-cell batteries are best described as ____ waste

hazardous

In many less-developed countries, much of the municipal solid waste ends up ____

in open dumps

Waste produced by mines, farms, and industry are called

industrial solid

Plastic bags are examples of ____ waste

municipal solid

Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass, wood, and similar items is called

municipal solid

Which material makes up the largest portion of municipal solid waste in the United States

paper

Flirtation and distillation are ____ methods for detoxifying hazardous waste

physical

using charcoal or resins to filter out harmful solids, distilling liquid wastes to separate out harmful chemicals, and precipitating such chemicals from solution

physical methods

Which method uses natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from soil and water

phytoremediation

using natural or genetically engineered plants as "pollution sponges" that are able to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from polluted soil and water

phytoremediation

waste generated in a manufacturing process

preconsumer

using materials, such as aluminum, again for the same purpose

primary recycling

The most desirable method of dealing with hazardous wastes is ____

recycling and reusing hazardous wastes

Which "R" of waste reduction can be described as "don't use it"

refuse

Taking a refillable coffee cup to the office and using it instead of throwaway cups is an example of ____.

reusing

recycling materials into different products than the ones they were initially a part of

secondary recycling

The world's largest producer of municipal solid waste (MSW) is ____

the United States

Recycling discarded items into a form that is more useful than the recycled item was is known as

upcycling

One way to deal with the creation of solid wastes is to reduce the environmental impact without trying to reduce the amount of waste produced. This is called ____.

waste management

One characteristic of waste-to-energy incineration is that it ____

concentrates hazardous substances into ash

The ____ is used in the United States to regulate hazardous waste

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Garbologists have discovered that trash in landfills is slow to decompose. Why is this?

Trash is compacted so tightly that sunlight, water, and air are unable to reach it

converting hazardous chemicals to harmless or less harmful chemicals through chemical reactions

chemical methods

What is one disadvantage of using plasma gasification to detoxify hazardous waste

cost

Outputs of hazardous waste can be reduced by relying less on ____ and more on ____.

fossil fuels; renewable energy

E-waste can be recycled to extract ____.

gold, rare earths, and other valuable meats

Dry cell batteries and household pesticides are classified as ____ waste

hazardous

One advantage of bioremediation over physical and chemical methods of cleaning up hazardous wastes is that ____

it is cheaper

What is the most common method of hazardous waste storage in most countries of the world

land burial

The largest contributor to industrial solid waste in the United States is the ____ industry

mining

Plastic is made from ____

organic chemicals derived from oil and natural gas

Solvents, pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins would be categorized as which type of hazardous waste

organic compounds

waste generated from use of a product by consumers

postconsumer

The majority of recyclable wastes are ____

preconsumer, and generated in the manufacturing process

Materials that are recycled into products of the same type are undergoing

primary recycling

Reusing items over and over provides several advantages. What is not one of these?

reducing bacterial infections

Bottle bills ___

require a deposit for every bottle purchased, and refund the deposit when the bottle is returned

Downcycling a material can also be described as

secondary recycling

Much of the e-waste in the United States not buried or burned is

shipped to Asia or Africa

Some liquid hazardous wastes are stored in lined ponds, pits, or lagoons, called

surface impoundments

The "four Rs" if waste reduction present an alternative to the ____ economy

throwaway

Sanitary landfills typically have problems with ____

traffic, noise, and dust

One way to deal with the creation of solid wastes begins with the question "how can we avoid producing so much solid waste?" This approach is called

waste reduction